Iron kubva simbi anosiyana nemaziso?

Maloosvedomlonny munhu anofunga kuti huru kuvakwa zvinhu nhasi ndiyo simbi. Aiziva anoziva kuti shoko "simbi" rinoreva simbi-kabhoni alloys - simbi uye akakanda simbi. Zvaizoratidza sokuti maviri akasiyana zvachose zvinhu uye nyore chaizvo kuti kusiyanisa. Zvisinei, akapa siyana pakubhadhara uye Uratidze yakaisvonaka mutsetse kusiyana makemikari anoumba vamwe vacho zvakaoma kuziva. Zvakakosha kuti mamwe unyanzvi kuti kuziva mhinduro yomubvunzo: vakakanda simbi kuti simbi pane zvakasiyana?

vakakanda simbi

An chiwanikwa sezvamunoita ine simbi, carbon mune mari 2,14-6,67, sarufa, phosphorus, manganese, nesilicon nezvimwe yokuvirisa, rinonzi nguruve simbi. Nhoroondo simbi rakatanga muna Iron Age. An inokosha STRUCTURAL zvinhu, nechigadziko nesimbi uye yose steelmaking.

Features:

1. Roughness kuva matte pfumbu ruvara.
2. Kubvunda pa 1000-1600˚S zvichienderana murwiyo (avhareji kuti maindasitiri - 1000-1200˚S chena nguruve simbi uchanyangadika uye dzimwe tembiricha yakakwirira).
3. Density 7200-7600 makirogiramu / m ^3.
4. Dzakananga kupisa: 540 J / (Gen.).
5. High pokuoma: 400-650NV.
6. Low ductility, chaizvo chiwondomoke kana pasi kufurirwa; soro tsika kuti elongation ane ductile ductile simbi δ = 6-12%.
7. simba Low: 100-200 MPa kuti ductile kukosha kwayo kunosvika 300-370 MPa, nokuti vamwe mamakisi dzakakwirira - 600-800 MPa.
8. Modeled ne Kupisa kurapwa, asi kashoma, uye nokungwarira kukuru, sezvo maitire muitiro cracking walnut.
9. Doped kushandisa upiyona zvine maatomu akafanana, asi chinokosha mwero doping mberi zvinoomesa kubudiswa kwendangariro.
10. It dzinoratidzwa inogutsa weldability, machinability zvakanaka, chakanakisisa Kudzingwa ehupfumi. Nokuchengetedza vachinyatsogona haagoni kuva.
11. Good abrasion nemishonga uye ngura nemishonga.

Iron - mashoko zvikamu muviri, zviyero, muchina zvikamu kugadzirwa vachikanda. It chikuru chezvinonhuwira kuti feedstock kuti simbi simbi.

simbi

Iron-kabhoni chiwanikwa dzine kabhoni iri mari isina kupfuura 2.14%, uye simbi - kwete asingasviki 45%, ndarira anonzi. Its chikuru unhu:

1. Smooth, rine sirivha ruvara ane nevamwe Sheen.
2. Kubvunda mukati 1450˚S.
3. The arambe achirema anobva 7700 kusvika 7900 makirogiramu / m ^3.
4. Kupisa Kukwanisa mumupanda tembiricha kuti 462 J / (Gen.).
5. Low zvakaoma, avhareji 120-250 HB.
6. Excellent plasticity: elongation chikonzero δ nokuda pezvitsiga siyana kunosiyana-siyana mukati 5-35% vakawanda - δ≥20-40%.
7. Zvichakadaro tsika simba tensile kuti STRUCTURAL zvinhu - 300-450 MPa; nokuti mukuru-simba chiwanikwa - 600-800 MPa.
8. Good ehupfumi amenable kuti kururamiswa kubudikidza Kupisa uye himikotermicheskoy kugadzira.
9. Achishingaira doped-siyana zvine maatomu akafanana nechinangwa kuchinja zvivako uye chinangwa.
10. Qualitatively yakakwirira weldability kuita, workability vakatema kuvafurira.
11. Dzinoratidzwa pasi ngura nemishonga.

Steel - huru STRUCTURAL alloys mu simbi ano, zvokuimba engineering, zvishandiso rwokugadzira.

We kuona kwakabva nezvokuzadziswa mhando

Zvatakurukura uchida unhu alloys izvi, zvinokuchengetedzai kushandisa zivo simbi kubva simbi chakasiyana. Atarisana nechinhu chesimbi, asingakahadziki ayo mavambo, rationally pakarepo kuyeuka huru chinosiyanisa rwokugadzira ehupfumi. Saka, akakandira simbi - Munondirasirawo zvinhu. Nekuti anounza nyore mundiro, yakasimba sepombi, muchina casings, Motors, makuru zvinhu nyore configuration. Of simbi mativi akagadzirwa hukuru zvose uye kunzwisisa, sezvo izvi vakashandisa nokuchengetedza, tsika, kudhirowa, achifinyamisa uye dzimwe nzira kuti simbi kushanda kumanikidzwa. Saka, kana paine mubvunzo nezvemavambo chisimbiso kuva mubvunzo - iri simbi. Kana uchifarira kwakabva hombe mugate - zviri simbi. Kana uchida kudzidza chii chakaita injini redzimba kana crankshaft - vanofanira kushandisa dzimwe nzira kuti kuzivikanwa sezvo vose zvichibvira.

Ruvara unhu uye fragility ongororo

Kuti vazive kusiyanisa simbi kubva simbi kuti ziso, unofanira kuyeuka pamusoro huru ziso kusiyana. Nokuti randinenge simbi matte wachena ruvara uye mafungu kwokunze unaku. Steel dzinoratidzwa chinokosha kwake penya silvery Hue uye usingashandi roughness.

Uyewo ruzivo chinokosha sei kusiyanisa simbi kubva simbi nemaziso, ndiye ruzivo pamusoro plasticity izvi zvinhu. Kana bvunzo workpiece kana simbi zvinhu usina chakakomba ukoshi, unogona kumbonodziedza nesimba uye ductility nokushandisa unoshamisa simba. Kuputsika simbi chiwondomoke zvidimbu, nepo hwendarira akaremara chete. In zvikuru mitoro akataurirwa kupwanya, nemicheka simbi Chips vari vakawana zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvimedu simbi - guru, zvakarurama configuration.

Cheka uye akachera

How kusiyanisa simbi kubva simbi pamba? Zvakakodzera narwo guruva yakanaka kana Shavings. Sezvo simbi ine mukuru ductility, uye Chips ane izvivisty hunhu. Kandira simbi uyewo crumbles apo drilling kuchekwa vakaumba kudzika pakakuvara pamwe paguruva.

Nokuti guruva unogona kushandisa faira kana rasp uye zvishoma kwakapinza kuchera kufarira mashoko. The zvichiguma Shavings yakanaka kuti funga pedyo kana semucheka chena mapepa. Kandira simbi rine kabhoni iri yakawanda muchimiro graphite nodules. Naizvozvo, kana vachidzipukuta guruva ake anoramba dema graphite "chero". The chete kabhoni steels ari akasungwa ezvinhu, saka zvokuimba kukanganisa guruva havapi nemigumisiro zvinoonekwa.

Kuti vakuchidzire uye pezvitsiga

How kusiyanisa simbi kubva simbi? Zvakakodzera kushandisa zvakafanira michina uye duku dziripo murefu.

Muchiitiko chokutanga, unogona kushandisa kudziyisa Somuenzaniso, achishandisa blowtorch, akapfeka pakutanga muna unodzivirira zvipfeko chaiyo uye kucherechedza yakachengeteka mitemo kubasa. Tembiricha inofanira ngazviwedzerwe risati ratanga kubvunda simbi. Zvave kuti simbi utsotso tembiricha yakakwirira kupfuura simbi. Zvisinei, uyu unechekuita kunyanya chena uye nguruve simbi. On zvose maindasitiri pezvitsiga - dzine kabhoni iri mari isina anopfuura 4,3% uye yakarukutika nechekare pa 1000-1200˚S. Saka, zvinokwanisika itye nokukurumidza zvikuru.

Zvishande nzira chokuwana mashoko pamusoro simbi kubva simbi chakasiyana ndiko kushandiswa experimental mharidzo iri vachikuya muchina, kana pane chinhu rikwanise Range sander. Analysis kuitwa pamusoro hunhu pezvitsiga. Nokuti kukandira simbi kunoratidzwa pakunzwa tsvuku zvemoto, uye nokuda simbi - rakajeka anodzimaidza mwaranzi vane pfupi chena-yellow tinge.

sezvachinonzwika

An dzinonakidza chinhu sei kusiyanisa simbi kubva simbi kurira. Izvi zviviri chiwanikwa kuridza zvakasiyana. Hazvina zvakafanira kubudisa kusarira pamusoro aivapo zvivako experimental. Asi zvinokosha kuti vose muenzaniso kana takambova kunzwa panyaya iyi. Steel ane yepamusoro arambe achirema, hunobata inzwi rayo. Pamusoro was nazvo nechinhu chesimbi ruzha zvakawanda sonorous pane mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana nesimbi.

Kuziva, simbi inobva simbi chakasiyana, zvakakodzera kuva noruzivo izvi zvinhu uye vamwe ruzivo. Pashure pezvose, ane ruzivo nyanzvi mune nokuchengetedza, kukuya, azvikuya, kuchera, achitendeuka, kupisa kurapwa, kana nomoto, simbi kana mukoti kusiyanisa nyore pakati pavo, achionga chete nemaziso kana ikabatwa.