Jet chinotsva: unhu zvinodiwa

Aviation chinotsva - mafuta chigadzirwa Kugadzirwa anokonzera kushanda Motors pakubhadhara siyana mhepo zvifambiso. Zvichienderana murwiyo, kukura uye mabasa, chinotsva rinogona mhando dzakasiyana. Kune zviviri zvinokosha: ndege fuel (zviri kunzi ndege chinotsva) uye avgas.

Mumwe injini yakagadzirirwa kufungisisa kushandisa imwe mafuta, iyo inopa zvakakodzera nokukurumidza uye rakavimbika. Kana mafuta kushandiswa, kwete aiendeswa ichi mhando injini, zvinokwanisika kuderedza kwayo kushanda upenyu uye vanokwanisa zvechadenga ndege.

Jet huni ndege

Aviation chinotsva - eparafini kuti ndege injini - zvinoshandiswa mupopotedzane dzakawanda ndege. Zvinokosha pezvitsiga siyana. In nyika yedu, taishandisa mhando nhanhatu siyana, kunyanya kusarudza zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye zvechadenga ndege. Somuenzaniso, muna subsonic ndege zvinoshanda eparafini TS-1 ane yakawanda nesarufa murwiyo. A supersonic ndege ushande TC-8 TC-chitambi kana 6. Low dzemakomo ndege vari dzakawedzerwa pamwe reparafini TS-2.

Eparafini - avhiyesheni uye kwete chete

Reparafini akataura mhando sezvo chiedza epetroleum zvigadzirwa. Zvinonzi chinoitirwa zvakananga DISTILLATION kana yechipiri yokucheneswa. The Kubika pfungwa chigadzirwa, zvichienderana murwiyo, dzinosiyana 150 kusvika 250 inegumi.

Heano chikuru zvezvinotaurwa eparafini:

• Aviation. Pane reparafini avhiyesheni chinotsva mabasa ave coolant uye sikuruwa injini somunhu lubricating chigadzirwa sehuni enyika. Iye vaudzewo pacharo munzira dzakawanda, kunyanya kuwedzera injini mukurumari uye kuderedzwa tembiricha ehupfumi.
• Rocket sainzi. To musi, neparafini unoshandiswa nevakawanda sezvo chitundumuseremusere huni, kunyange vane vakaderera kunyatsoshanda. Munguva yemberi chinangwa ichi vari kuronga dzika ethane kana propane.
• Mukugadzira. Reparafini ndiro rakanakisisa mbishi mashoko pakuburitswa polyethylene uye polypropylene, uye nezvimwe chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvinhu.
• Heating. Munyika pasina musimboti kudziyisa hurongwa, zvikuru kushandiswa neparafini. It kunoratidzwa yakakwirira chaitwa moto, vakarongeka uye mari kushandiswa.
• Okuvimba. Kunyange zvinowanzoshandiswa magetsi, neparafini mwenje iri muna hapana kukurumidza kupa panzvimbo yavo.

Mhando Popular kuti avhiyesheni mafuta munyika yedu uye kunze

On pamusika yokumwe emit mhando dzakawanda huni avhiyesheni. Vari kuzivikanwa nokusanyanya kubika pfungwa kunoitwa zvinhu fractional nziyo nokupenya pfungwa (semuenzaniso, soro prices ane avhiyesheni eparafini kuti gungwa), uye zvichingodaro.

The inonyanya kufarirwa chigadzirwa ndiyo avhiyesheni Diesel mafuta pamwe akavandudzika fractional sezvamunoita, zvinowanzoshandiswa kwevagari avhiyesheni. Somuenzaniso, mashoko zvizivikanwe "Jet A-1". Kwaari kusangana nhamba kwokuoma zvinodiwa. Asi kusimukira mafuta zvinodiwa anenge asina inodzorwa.

avgas

The chikuru yezvinoreva avhiyesheni peturu - injini pisitoni ndege uye helicopters, vhoriyamu diki. Kubva motokari injini vanoonekwa ne kumanikidzwa mafuta jekiseni hurongwa, uye nokudaro kuti avhiyesheni mafuta zvinodiwa zvinofanira siyanei.

The sezvamunoita zvinosanganisira avhiyesheni peturu kwazvo vaedzwa zvinoriumba vakawana somugumisiro anokosha kwendangariro. Somuenzaniso, mafuta uhwiro kana CATALYTIC nekushandura. The zvigadzirwa yaunganidzwa kubudiswa chesekondari, zviri olefinic Mahydrocarbon, havasi kushanda ari zvaAtemisi avhiyesheni rinochiwedzera.

Nhasi, zvichienzaniswa kwakajairika peturu mamakisi nokuda motokari indasitiri, avhiyesheni nemarudzi yakabereka vari zviduku - 2 chete%. Panzira, dzimwe yemashoko injini mu ndege vanokwanisa ushande mureza peturu A-95. Kunyange zvakadaro, avhiyesheni chinotsva ndiyo itsige uye Qualitative sezvamunoita.

Quality parameters pamusoro avhiyesheni huni:

• Detonation Kugadzikana. Atsunga mafuta-mhepo muvhenganiswa kunosiyana sezvamunoita.
• The crystallization tembiricha - rezasi ndiro, dzakanga unhu.
• Special fractional sezvamunoita.
• Kusavapo garai zvinhu kana kuvapo yavo shoma mari.
• The kusavapo sarufa yeimwe uye acids.
• Mukuru kupisa combustion.
• High Anti-akagogodza ehupfumi.
• Excellent chengetedzo Kugadzikana.

maitiro zvose izvi kuona kunaka avhiyesheni rinochiwedzera, uye nokudaro rakavimbika injini.

Kupatsanura pakati mavanga uye sezvamunoita

Peturu nokuti avhiyesheni injini zvichisiyana maererano kugiredhi zviratidzo. Hazvina chokuratidza iri anokonzera simba yakataurwa muinjini. Somuenzaniso, peturu B-91/115 nhamba yechipiri inongova chokukomborerwa mugiredhi, uye vokutanga - ndiro nhamba octane.

Kusiyana, gwenya peturu, avhiyesheni haina akakamurwa yechando uye chirimo mhando. Pashure kubhururuka dzinenge nguva dzose mumwe chete tembiricha iri zvishoma sei shanduko mwaka. Asi chero mhando huni avhiyesheni tetraethyl kutungamirira uye wedzera mamwe mukanyatsochengeta waidzora mitemo sarufa tara. Kuti vave nechokwadi runodiwa parameters ari calorific kukosha uye crystallization kupisa pamusoro toluene kuripowo akawedzera, isomerate, pirobenzol nezvimwe zvinoriumba.

Kuvapo anokosha yokuvirisa zviri murwiyo uye ruvara rinoratidza avhiyesheni mafuta. Kazhinji rakajeka tsvuku, inopenya zvakasvibirira kana orenji.

unhu mitemo

In nyika yedu pane dzakananga kuita zvinodiwa avhiyesheni mafuta. Kuwedzera pakuomerera zvaidiwa kwezvakatipoteredza nemitemo pamusoro kupatsanura pakati "Euro", pane chinokosha unyanzvi nemirau, pamutemo zvinodiwa zvakananga avhiyesheni peturu uye Diesel ndege mafuta.

Somuenzaniso, muna peturu, anoshandiswa avhiyesheni, panofanira kuva surfactant, uye kemikari, kana kuva mune shomanana hakurevi kukanganisa chokupika unhu. Inofanira nhaka yakakwirira kuramba oxidation. Zvinogamuchirika ayo anoumba zviri tetraethyl kutungamirira. Uye peturu waivako mugiredhi kwete asingasviki 130 anobvumirwa add dhayi mutema.

The jeti chinotsva inofanira kuva netsvina zvakadai semvura, sarufa, garai fuma. Kunyatsoteerera yaidzorwa crystallization tembiricha uye kinematic viscosity, izvo zvinogona siyana pakati michina ndege panguva subsonic uye supersonic aimhanya.

Maererano zvezvinotaurwa kushandiswa, ari avhiyesheni chinotsva kushandiswa chete injini ndege. Kushandiswa zvimwewo zvinangwa zviri zvaisambobvumirwa.