Jogirafi: zvikwangwani - zviri ... Aldan Shield. Ukrainian nhoo

goko The Earth iri heterogeneous uye chinosanganisira siyana STRUCTURAL zvinhu. Kudzidza nemamiriro lithosphere (zvakasimba Earth) riri pakati zvinangwa vakadzinganiswa sayenzi geography. Solid - mumwe akadaro zvinhu. Zviri pamusoro pavo ichakurukurwa ichi bepa chena.

goko nyika yacho mamiriro

The chikuru STRUCTURAL zvenyaya goko vari lithospheric mahwendefa kuti anogona kuva Continental kana Oceanic. mhando mbiri idzi akasiyana mamiriro (muchinjikwa-chikamu): kuti girenayiti rukoko aripo dziri mahwendefa.

Akadana akatsiga zvikuru platforms (tectonically) chikamu lithospheric mahwendefa Earth. Panguva iyoyowo, ndivo nuclei (hwaro) nokuti makondinendi. Kunze kwavari mukati lithospheric mahwendefa uyewo dzinounzwa orogenic (akapeta) bhandi - uye epiplatform epigeosynclinal.

Platform - akatsiga zvikuru nemamiriro goko kuti akaumba apo mazana emamiriyoni apfuura, paiva nesimba gomo hurongwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, havana kuparara, uye pose rakaparadza kure panzvimbo ino. Saka aumbwa yakasimba uye irambe marongerwo - nheyo. Gare gare musi vanotanga kuunganidza emadhaka zvishoma nezvishoma pakusika gobvu rukoko (cover).

All huripo kuchikuva munyika vari rakakamurwa yekare (mumabhuku Chirungu vari anowanzonzi cratons) uye vaduku. Zvinotevera mepu inoratidza chikuru (vekare) Chikuva nyika yedu. Vari Kunoonekwa ane yakatsvukuruka tinge.

Wenyika goko mamiriro inodzidza sayenzi nzvimbo (Grade 7). Next tikatarisa sechivako pachikuva zvizere.

Structural zvinhu pechikuva (jogirafi, Grade 7)

Kuchikuva ine akaturikidzana vaviri sekristaro chawo (kunoitika pazasi) uye sedimentary butiro (rokufukidza hwaro).

In Geological Sayenzi govera Zvivako mirairo ina anoumba chero papuratifomu. Nhoo, ndiro, anticline uye syncline - Ndivo zvihombe. Next, tichakurukura dzavo. Aingoziva zvivako izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinokwana pahunhu Chokwadi chikoro "Geography".

Nhovo - nayo haazotaurwizve pose Pasi wacho crystalline yepasi pechikuva. Huwandu outputs akadaro anogona kusvika kusvika 1,000 makiromita kana kupfuura pakureba. Kazhinji, ukomba dzakananga vekare papuratifomu zvivako.

Plates - ichi munzvimbo yakakura pechikuva, izvo zvakazara kufukidzwa sedimentary pabutiro. Kakawanda mudiki platforms akafukidza kavha iyi zvachose. Saka ivo vanonziwo mahwendefa.

Anticline uye syncline - ndiwo nemamiriro 2nd kurongeka. ANTECLISE akadana zvinyoronyoro Kumutsa bwendefa. Syneclise - a kudzika bheseni pachitofu kana, zvishoma kacho, mukati crystalline nhovo.

Munyaya ino tichakurukura nhovo yekare platforms pakati Eurasia - kuSiberia uye East European. Zvisinei, kunyatsoongorora usati panyaya "chii inhoo."

Jogirafi: zvikwangwani - zviri ...

Shoko rokuti "nhoo" iri zvinowanzoshandiswa Geological nesayenzi. Kokutanga ino izwi aishandisa muGermany Eduard Suess (1903).

Shield - a crystalline pakakwirira outcrop mukati yekare papuratifomu. Saka panyika dziri Precambrian matombo, zera vanogona kusvika mabhiriyoni 3,5-4 makore. Dzinowanzotanga rinomiririrwa granites, quartzites, gneisses, vari izvo pachena kunzvimbo nekaupenyu guru.

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako namapuranga

Mapuranga ndivo chikuru uye akatsiga zvikuru Zvivako makondinendi. Kazhinji, ivo wakapoteredzwa mabhandi pamusoro akapeta matombo yeCambrian zera. The okuyamura ukomba kazhinji haana zvishoma convex mapani uye zvikomo diki.

Nhoo wakakomberedzwa zvakawanda zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita uye Mobile dzoga, kuvaka gomo pezvakaitwa kuti dzave kushumwa tichishandisa ichangopfuura (mu Geological mashoko - makore mamiriyoni 100-200 apfuura).

Mienzaniso inozivikanwa kwazvo ukomba pamusoro yedu: Canadian, Ukrainian, Aldan, reBaltic. nzvimbo idzi pamwe makuru deposits esimbi zvicherwa (simbi mhangura, ndarira, manganese, ndarama, nickel, uye zvichingodaro. P.). Saka, mukati Aldan Shield yakawanikwa guru deposits emhangura esimbi uye apatite. In wokuUkraine Shield akawana matura ose enyika pakukura ferruginous quartzite (Krivoi Rog bheseni).

Nhoroondo inotungamirwa uye maumbirwo kuSiberia Platform

Siberian kuchikuva - hombe Geological nharaunda, izvo ane nzvimbo nzvimbo guru iri kuchamhembe-nechokumabvazuva Eurasia. Uyu ndiwo mumwe mukuru platforms munyika, nheyo iyo yakaumbwa kare Archean. Pashure paizvozvo, haana kamwe kufukidzwa mvura mumakungwa, saka kuti pane yakatangwa chifukidziro simba sedimentary namatombo.

Siberian kuchikuva ane miganhu zvakajeka pamusoro pemvura Pasi: rwokumusoro - ndiyo kumaodzanyemba mawere Byrranga makomo kumadokero - kumupata Yenisei River, muganhu wokumaodzanyemba anomhanya pamwe nomuzongoza, uye kumabvazuva - iri dzakaderera kunosvika of Lena River.

Siberian kuchikuva bhesimendi dzakaoma matombo Archean uye Proterozoic, izvo zvakasimba yakaunyana kupinda pazvirugu. It gneisses, amphibolites, schist, namatema uye nevamwe. zera ravo rakasimba zvikuru kubva 2.3 kusvika bhiriyoni 3.7 makore. Platform sedimentary pabutiro rinoumbwa matombo vemazera akasiyana. Kuchamhembe-wokumabvazuva muromo kuchikuva kunoratidzwa intrusive matombo kuti vanoumba pombi nedhaimani.

Siberian kuchikuva kazhinji vapfumi siyana chicherwa kupfuma. Kune makuru deposits esimbi esimbi, Mika, apatite, graphite. Kuna sedimentary butiro muchisungwazve nouchapupu matura mafuta uye gasi, uyewo marasha, nedhaimani, mhangura, nickel uye nendarama ores.

The Geological nemamiriro Aldan Shield

Aldansky nhoo - a fungidziro sekristaro mujinga mukati kuSiberia Platform. Riri munzvimbo yaro kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva chikamu chete uye yokuyamura pamwe Aldan Plateau uye nomuzongoza. Kumaodzanyemba nokumadokero nhovo iri bordered chete nzvimbo nechivako gomo kuburikidza nehurongwa yezvikanganiso zvakadzika. Kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva rinofanira chakafukidzwa gobvu nguo sedimentary deposits ose yeCambrian zera.

Chokunyora (uriri), yakare yepasi of Aldan Shield, unogona kutevedzera shanduka dzenyika nechepasi yose. Saka, muna yepazasi weDanho bedded gneiss, schist, namatema uye quartzite granulite. Uriri anotevera izere sedimentary-kuputika matombo, metamorphosed zonally. Yokumusoro pauriri chinomiririrwa gobvu deposits ose clastic uye kuputika matombo, uyewo intrusions zvikuru.

The akasiyana Geological epochs tectonic pezvakaitwa muna Aldan kuvharidzira zvikuru kushingaira zvakare. Izvi zvakaitika muna Paleozoic, Mesozoic uye Cenozoic paavhareji. Uyu ndiwo mumwe chinosiyanisa zviri aripo crystalline nhovo.

On mundima Aldan nhovo chokuita deposits zvicherwa zvakawanda. Saka, pano zvinoonekwa uye vachiongorora kukosha matura simbi uye mhangura ores, Mika, apatite, kimberlites, marasha, ndarama, uye siyana mabwe Semi-anokosha.

Nhoroondo inotungamirwa uye nemamiriro East European Platform

East-European Chikuva - rimwe remasangano uye akatsiga zvikuru chikuva panyika ano nechepasi. Unotangira Air Peninsula kusvika Mountains Ural, achitora dzakawanda North uye East Europe.

In ayo mamiriro vane mbiri simba goho sekristaro nechigadziko - Ukrainian uye Baltic nenhovo. Pano panyika munzvimbo dzakawanda tisangoti matombo vekare - kunyanya girenayiti uye quartzite. Mostly vanoumba pedombo outcrops uye yevedza chaizvo canyons. Mune nzvimbo pakati nhovo uye vanoda Belarus anteklizy Voronezh.

Foundation kuchikuva yakaoma igneous uye metamorphic matombo Precambrian zera, iro rinogara vanhu dissected ne tectonic zvikanganiso yakadzika. East-European pachikuva kuumbwa nheyo dzaro mukunopera Proterozoic. Chikuva pabutiro ine zvishoma akaremara sedimentary uye kuputika matombo akasiyana Geological mazera.

Mineral pfuma East European papuratifomu

KuMabvazuva European papuratifomu Akaongorora vakapfuma deposits zvicherwa siyana. Vamwe vavo vari chokuita nheyo Geological mamiriro, mumwe - wayo sedimentary butiro.

Kuti anongoerekana nzvimbo panheyo pachikuva pamusoro muchisungwazve hombe deposits esimbi esimbi (Krivbass, Kurskaia rinobva anomaly Kremenchugsky dziva, etc.), mhangura, titanium, nickel ores uye apatites. With sedimentary pabutiro pachikuva chokuita deposits zviri negasi (Volgouralskaya mafuta dunhu, Dneprovsko-Donetskaya mwoyo, etc.), marasha uye lignite (Donbass, Moscow nharaunda), dombo phosphate, bauxite uye siyana zvokuvakisa (reraimu, machena, dolomite uye zvakafanana. D.) .

The Geological nemamiriro Ukrainian nhoo

Ukrainian crystalline nhoo - munhu protrusion of nheyo East-European chikuva ayo rwezasi-vokumadokero kumucheto. Akatambanudza chiuru makiromita (mukati kuUkraine uye Belarus muchidimbu) kubva Gorin River kuchamhembe kusvika pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Azov kumaodzanyemba. Mepu pazasi kunoratidzwa muna tsvuku.

The kunonyanyisa upamhi Ukrainian nhoo iri makiromita 250. The zvachose nzvimbo pemvura - vanenge zviuru 135 akaenzana makiromita.

Ukrainian nhoo rinoumbwa akawanda igneous uye metamorphic matombo Archean zera (izvozvo gneisses, granites, amphibolites, migmatites nevamwe). Munzvimbo dzakawanda, izvi crystalline matombo pachena, pova akanaka matombo, Mangondo Cascades pamusoro nzizi mumapani.

Zvicherwa zviri Ukrainian nhoo

By pamaberere nheyo platforms vekare vanozivikanwa kuti muchisungwazve mhangura zvicherwa. Uye Ukrainian nhoo pano - kwete kunze.

Mukati ichi Geological chivako Akaongorora makuru reserves esimbi esimbi (Krivoi Rog bheseni), uranium exchange mhangura (Zheltovodsky uye Ternovskii munda), zirconium ores (Vol'nogorskoe dhipoziti), unokosha uye semiprecious mabwe, zvokuvakisa (kunyanya mune Zhitomir uye dzimwe nzvimbo Ukraine mined girenayiti chemhando yepamusoro). By nhoroondo dzose chicherwa zvekuvaka zvinogona Ukrainian nhoo rinenge pasina vakaenzana Europe uye munyika.

Found mungarava iyi uye zvicherwa zviri sedimentary mhando. deposits dzavo vari kuvharirwa simba duku (haufaniri kupfuura 50 metres) zvikamu kufukidza. Chokutanga, zviri lignite Dnieper bheseni uye Nikopol manganese mhangura bheseni.

mhedziso

Kudzidza crustal maumbirwo chikamu kuwanda mabasa wakasiyiwa sayenzi geography. Nhoo - vari STRUCTURAL zvinhu yekare Earth pachikuva. Aya kazhinji asingakwanisi deposits simba esimbi zvicherwa uye ibwe semiprecious.

Aldan Shield, uye Ukrainian - ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose crystalline miganhu nezvigadziko pamusoro kondinendi yose Eurasia. Chokutanga izvi riri muRussia, mukati kuSiberia papuratifomu, uye wechipiri - iri Ukraine, pamusoro East European papuratifomu.