Kizhi pachechi. Yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia: zvinokwezva

What Russian haanzwi chii Kizhi pachechi Kizhi? Chokwadi, kamwe pane vanoziva uduku kushamwaridzana: rakasiyana miziyamu kuti murimi mudiki tsika wokuRussia North, zvakaoma kuti yepakutanga Russian nerogi machechi, ane masvingo zvakavakwa pasina nezvipikiri. The yakasiyana Architectural ensemble the Church of XVIII remakore, yakavakwa pachitsuwa huni, runoonekwa enzvimbo World Cultural Heritage kubudikidza UNESCO zvinodiwa. Zvinofanira kubvumwa kuti Russia kumwe akaramba zvivakwa saka zvinokosha, mabasa acho yemapuranga mapurani (kunyange vachiri XIX remakore vakanga chaizvo vakawanda).

Characteristically, vanhu havaratidzi kuzivana munhoroondo yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, zita miziyamu, sezvinoita mutemo, ari gahadziko. "Uye apo shoko pachechi?" - anobvunza jaya, noruyemuro anoona yematanda yokufeva masuo, ribbed nerogi masvingo, zvinoyevedza scaly rising. "Uye kwete kuti!" - akapindura nokutaura Zhvanetskogo. Ichi chinhu chepakutanga yekare Russian pfungwa shoko rekare. In yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia ari XIII - XV emakore, sezvo kamwe chainzi sechinhu muzinda, nomuzvarirwo rakavapo pamusoro makumi dzakawanda kana kuti kunyange mazana yakapoteredza misha. Uye kugutsikana ichi rinoenderana mamiriro somuzinda Kizhi yakakura Spassky Kizhi.

Uyezve, pfungwa dzataurwa pamusoro apa kubva pakutanga zviduku uye kuchinja pakutanga zvichinje. Zvinonzi "midzi" se tsika kune mumwe musha guru (kwete hazvo muzinda, asi pamwe nechechi yake uye kumakuva.) Zviri chete kubva kuguma XVIII remakore rakava kereke yoga ine kumakuva pedyo naye.

Kizhi - the Chiitiko munyika, vemunharaunda

Nhoroondo inoratidza Kizhi Novaya anenge 130 vakabatana akapoteredza nemisha. Uyezve, remasangano pavo - Velikaya Guba, Kosmozero, Sennaya Guba, Tipinitsy - uye parizvino vari kushingaira yawo. Misha kwakadaro wekare vakapfuma pari yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Zvinokwezva yomunharaunda mapurani - kunyanya vanhu utsanzi. Kusvikira XVIII remakore panyika ino yakaitwa sarudzo kuvaka haasi kutonga zviremera uye munzanga, chikamu zvakanga vatengesi - huru vanoitisana. The yakanakisisa mhizha vakatorwa kuvaka temberi yavo kuratidza chivimbo kumamisha. Vaiva, sezvinoita mutemo, vanhu "vane pfungwa yokuti" uye zita kuvakwa vari kuvaka sokunge vachiimba rwiyo. chinangwa chete havana mvumo vatongi kana Kudzingwa. Kwete, vakanga kwakakurudzira kukosha: kuremekedza vanhu, hwakajeka wokupemberera kupfuura vakakodzera. Iyi - padariro "munharaunda mapurani" - unogona kudana maruva wokuRussia yemapuranga mapurani.

Nevamwe nature yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia

Dzakasiyana nharaunda uye kuyevedza nzvimbo dzokuona yakakurumbira yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Zvinokwezva Nzvimbo iyi zvakanaka kuvazivisa. The dzemo hunhu kudaidzwa uye wakasimba gungwa-sango. Taiga inokura kubva womunharaunda parukangarabwe. Domain yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia mimwe rinonyatsooneka mu Europe madhamu - Ladoga ane nzvimbo 17 700? Km Vaite ² uye Onezhskoye (9900 mamita ^2).

Asingasviki 70 chete kubva rayo guru, guta Petrozavodsk, lapped pamvura kweLake Onega, ndiyo chitsuwa Kizhi (mu yekare Russian "Kizhi" rinoreva "kufara".) The pedyo musha munzira mapurani Museum, inoona nezvenjodzi chokuita Medvezhegorsk S.-tsime, - musha Velikaya Guba.

Welcome kuna Kizhi!

Zuva nezuva, mapurani miziyamu yakazarukira vose vanoshuva kuzomuona muzhizha kubva masere kusvika sere, muchando - kubva 10 ⁰⁰ 16 ^00. Kare, chitsuwa Kizhi anogona kunzi kanosvota nzvimbo, yaishandiswa nokuda nokutumira zororo kubva netsika dzechiKristu. Kwaiva kuenda pamazororo vanhuwo zvavo, uye ipapo akarongeka mitambo.

Chitsuwa nature vaakasarudza kuwedzera mabasa emaoko evanhu, mashiripiti vaenzi nezvehukorokodzwa matombo zvitsuwa mitema gulfs pakati pavo. Kana tikashandisa Mapping basa, unogona kuona: Kizhi pamepu yeRussia hadzina chokuita huru nemigwagwa. Zvisinei, chitsuwa, nemhaka mvura chokufambisa ndiyo yainyanya kuwanika. Mazana ezviuru Russian uye vatorwa vashanyi ose gore kushanya rino nzvimbo yakanaka. Nenzira, nhoroondo uye mapurani kunzwisisa kuti Kizhi ndiye wokutanga panze Museum, akazarura kuRussia.

Kana ukasarudza uri motor-chikepe rwendo kubva St. Petersburg kusvikira guru rekare mapurani, chitsuwa Kizhi kadhi uchawana chipo. Kubva May kusvika December, uye pano unogona kuenda "Meteor" uye "comets", wakabva Petrozavodsk kusvika Water Station.

Navigation pakati vashanyi kubva yokumusoro muromo (iyo inogona kusvikwa nemotokari) zvitengeswa magwa Entrepreneurs. Mabayo chete vnenavigatsionny panguva apo nyanza pachioma, rinoshandiswa kuenda Skiing, cup kufamba - imbwa sledding.

Russian mutsa

Pavakasvika pachitsuwa, vaeni vanokwanisa kusarudza mumwe vatatu-awa maviri excursions. Chokutanga - iri huru mapurani kunzwisisa (diki denderedzwa). Pfungwa iri kudzokorora Russian uye Karelian zvavo yemapuranga mapurani wechipiri (guru denderedzwa). The wechitatu anotanga mumisha chitsuwa. zvitatu inoratidzirwa platforms "Pryazhinskoye yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia", "Russian Zaonezhye", "Russian Pudozh" agadzirise mumisha yeko. The misha kare pamusoro Fossa uye Vasilyevo uyewo nhaka nemamwe mapurani hurongwa.

Administration of miziyamu uyewo kurongwa mamwe review, dyidzana, Category nzendo dzakawanda kuti nevashanyi Kizhi zvose. Architecture, Chokwadi, kukwezvana mukuru nokuda vemo vashanyi, uye kwete chete Russian, asiwo kubva kwose. Sezvineiwo, dzimba vechitendero vekare chacho, kutanga 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore, vaisanganisa akadzorerwa uye reconstructed nezvivakwa nerogi zvakakodzera kuti rokuchenesa. Saka, kuwedzera kune mukuru kuratidzwa, vashanyi anogona kuona nharaunda umo ichi chakaitika pachitsuwa pakunamata uye zvoupfumi upenyu vanhuwo zvavo. Nokuti zvakadzama svetuka kupinda upenyu Russian musha XVII iri - XVIII emakore, miziyamu-kuchengeterwa kutarisira vakaronga "Mazuva rwokugadzira, chevarwere kunonakidza uye mitambo" anoita ngano uye ethnographic yemitambo, handicrafts akanaka, uye pakupera zhizha rinotanga Kizhi regatta.

Vanhu akitekicha yemapuranga - nhaka yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia

Kizhi ndiyo imwe pakukura Russia mapurani kuchengetedza nzvimbo, ndizvo chaizvo anodada yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Attractions Russian zvavo mavakirwo nharaunda iyi, zvisinei, haana kutsunga chete akati ekisiposha; pano vari raimiririra pachitsuwa Lake Ladoga (Valaam wemamonk). Ake kamwe ashanyirwa madzimambo Russian. Pane akashanya Alexander Dumas. Vakawanda zvikuru vemifananidzo Russian (Vasiliev, Kuinzhi Shishkin), vadetembi nevanyori (Tiutchev, Leskov, Shmelev) akawana kufuridzirwa pano. Muchidimbu, yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia mepu pamwe zvisakamboonekwa (uye kwete chete mapurani - panewo hunhu hwemunhu uye omunyika imomo) achabatsira vashanyi kusarudza chirongwa chavo dzinonakidza.

machechi Ensemble

Asi shure huru nyaya ino. Kusiyana Kizhi vagara vandifungira chete vazhinji-domed Kuchinja Church wenyika, akavaka chinyakare nzira Russia - pasina rimwe chipikiri. Vasingaverengi naye achishumira yechando (north pashure zvose) nderimwe temberi mnogokupolny, pakutsamwisana - Church of Kurevererwa Musikana. Chinonyanya kukosha pakuvaka zvikuru Ensemble wechitatu ndiyo belfry Kizhi. Around izvi zvinhu zvitatu Russian zvavo mapurani zvino akadzorera fenzi, asi haana kuitwa matanda, sezvo zvakanga pakutanga, uye boulders.

Kare yakakwirira fenzi simba kunokosha pokutanga muganhu pamwe Sweden Russian pamakuva. A chete maitiro pamwe kumusoro muzvivako ndiwo mamwe shongwe murindi - makereke vepachitsuwa Kizhi, riri pana iconic munzvimbo dzakapoteredza chitsuwa ruyamuro.

Legend of akitekiti Nestor

Nyaya iyi zvinoshamisa Lacy mavakirwo matanda vachiri kuda kutanga yezvechitendero. Pashure Kizhi Novaya - nyika ngano, mumwe icho kutiudza munhu tarenda zvinoshamisa, kusika munhu chaiye murume-akaita chishamiso - zvinoshamisa 22-domed chechi. Taiva vavaki vekare kuzomisa nayo, kana "miti mhuri mbiri", hapana mamiriro mamiriro. Ndapererwa zvakadzama muna emakore uye avo nhoroondo dzeupenyu uye mazita. Asi zita tenzi wacho inoshamisa Russian Nestor achiri hwakawanda huripo.

Maererano nevakawanda ngano, iye akataura nzvimbo pakuvaka Chechi Chitarisiko, vachifuratira akatakurwa kubudikidza naye akarayira nomumugwagwa pakati mumatenhere omujunipa. Pano prolamyvayas kuburikidza mumatenhere (zvinoshamisa okugadzira zvinhu), pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda ari Kizhi pachechi, akaona bhuku dzvene, kuverenga rinoitwa masikati nousiku.

Mune mwaranzi yacho tenzi nokunobuda zuva, achitarisa kubva mubhuku mapeji ari pakati mumate redova pauswa mufananidzo akaona remangwana wechechi ... akazozivisa se akadambura: "! Building vachava pano"

Kana chishamiso-chechi yakanga yakavakirwa kubva zvikuru kugadzirira mapuranga vanoondoroka, spruce, Aspen, pasina kushandisa zvipikiri, vanoyemurwa Nestor akaita noshamisa chiito, sokunge kuswedera tambo vawana professionalism. Pausiku akazvitsaurira vana vavo akakwira rising pamwe vatsvene demo rake akatendeka, akatarira Kizhi pachechi, rakasungirwa pamuchinjikwa mutsvuku Ribbon. Ipapo akakanda demo mugungwa uye akazivisa kuti Chechi Chitarisiko - temberi yakaisvonaka munyika, uye zvakafanana hauzombofi kuitika. Mune ramangwana, murongedzeri zvakawanda netemberi hadzina chakavakwa, pasinei dzakawanda zvikumbiro. Saka akasarudza - kutiza basa panguva refu akacherechedza. Ko zvibude Tenzi kwechokwadi?

kukereke chitarisiko

Izvi temberi 37-meter, yakavambwa muna 1714, ari semhosva chechi octagonal weDanho. Rakanga rakavakwa kutsiva yematanda nowakautangira chechi, kupiswa ne mheni. Nhandare kweimba ndiye "Zimbabwe Educational" - masere-mativi cherogi chivako mana buri, achinongedza nemirayiridzo zvose. Pamusoro rezasi "Zimbabwe Educational" akaisa vaviri, asi seduku dhayamita. Rezasi furemu iri pamusoro chinyakare hwaro - ibwe Zabirko. Kunze makona vakabayiwa "mu oblo" yomukati - "paw" kuti mupaini. Mapadza uye "Upfu" rising misoro wakaumbwa Aspen. All ichi - yomunharaunda huni zvipenyu kukura pachitsuwa Kizhi. Yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia zvakare zvakanaka rinokosha iconography "Northern Letters". In chidobi ichi, mbiri dzokutanga kwemifananidzo Preobrazhenskaya Church ( "Cover" uye "Nokuchinja», XVII zera) uyo pakutanga wakashongedzwa atari, riri kumabvazuva chekawo kuburikidza uye ndine chimiro nePentagon. Iye - The ina-zana uye yakashongedzwa kwemifananidzo maviri.

The refectory ane danda imba iri yakabatana huru pakuvaka. Chekai kuburikidza padenga uye octagons yakashongedzwa makumi maviri zvitsauko. The hurukuro chivako ichi yaizivikanwa ose mugari reRepublic of yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Kizhi Island rinoreva spiritualized chechi iyi, iri zvakafanana akanaka kumativi ose.

Church of Kurevererwa Mhandara chando

Temberi iyi yakavakwa pamusoro Papera nehafu remakore, akatevera suit nokuda kwaJesu paGomo Church - muna 1764. Pfungwa pakurigadzira - mberi Orthodox basa kunoita pamusoro yechando mwaka (chechi heatable). Its kuvaka yakanga yakaitwa yakakurumbira ezvivako somunhu dzinongoitika kuwedzerwa chechi mapurani yezhizha. Iye mnogokupolna vasere zvitsauko ayo dziri kumativi repfumbamwe, chikuru. Zvisinei, mune zvose wawo Runonzwika kuti kereke - ane mapurani kuratidzwa chitarisiko. Its zvikuru dzisinganyatsooneki zvinhu zviri chete wechipiri rinosimbisa kusiyana chikuru mapurani kunzwisisa.

Kereke iri Kizhi chitsuwa yakavakwa nenzira zvikuru pragmatic uye nyore Decoration. It zvichida decorates Gables bhandi chete ane toothed marongerwo.

Pamusuo tembere kare riri kurutivi rwamavirazuva, ukuwo, nearitari - kumabvazuva. Vanobatanidzwa mundima yokutanga, uye ipapo ari refectory. Chinangwa mukamuri iri yoga nzvimbo kukurukura ungano yepano panyika yose kudzvanya zvoupfumi uye dzimwe nyaya, anogona kufukidza kuchikosha nhamba yevanhu. Apa paiva vatongi nemiedzo, dzakadzokorora murairo wamambo. Izvi zvinoteverwa Chokwadi, imba yacho iri temberi, yakatsaurirwa kuzadzisa munamato basa - a chapel. It - kupfuura wakapamhama uye yakakura, vhoriyamu wayo chakaumbwa puranga, zvakabatanidzwa maererano anorimwa pazasi - "pedengu", kumusoro - "Zimbabwe Educational". Zvinonzi vakapakata tyablovym iconostasis. Atari vakagadzirira sendarama okumabvazuva chechina kamuri. Iri pentagonal puranga, panguva kukwirira inovakwa elongated maumbirwo - mudende, kupedza repfumbamwe musoro Chechi Kurevererwa Musikana. All mahwindo yetemberi ikoko: paruvanze nearitari - maviri; muna chapero uye refectory - mana (dzinongoitika chiedza). Mukati menyika kuburikidza-wakashongedzwa propyl shinda, nechepakati che iyo - muchinjikwa Orthodox.

belfry

Mapurani Ensemble pamusoro Kizhi wose uchinyatsobatanidzwa kuzadzikiswa neimwe uye chivako wechitatu - hipped bhero shongwe. Driving zviri zvetsika kuti kuvaka emapuranga mapurani: bottom "pedengu" pamusoro "Zimbabwe Educational". tiers nhatu (by bindepinde) yakakamurwa kwayo zvemukati marongerwo. "Chetverik" kucheka kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba masuo, mumwe vakapakata berere. Kubva kumabvazuva nekumadokero, kune yokufeva psevdoportaly, vachidzokorora muchimiro kuita. The yakaderera weDanho, "pedengu", rakakamurwa ndima, pyatimarshevuyu manera uye kabati. Pamusoro "Zimbabwe Educational" ndiro bhero neshongwe, mukati iyo - 9 mbiru. Chivako chiri korona munhu cupola Ploughshare Orthodox muchinjikwa pamusoro.

Current kudzorerwa

Kizhi pachechi ikozvino achirapwa kudzorerwa, kuna tercentenary kushanduka chitarisiko Church, vachipemberera 2014. Panguva ino yakatakura kunze vanenge 70% nechirongwa. Kupera zviri kurongwa mumakore 3-4. Anotungamirira mapurani centre "Zaonezhie" zvibereko basa Vitaly Skopin. Pamwe chete ichi kambani uyewo anoshandisa nomuvezi Center Museum uye St. Petersburg kambani "ALEKON". Gore rapera, UNESCO Commission, akasvika nzvimbo mabasa uye vakarumbidza unhu hwavo, uzokwanisa sezvamakaudzwa dzakawanda kuti akafuridzirwa vashandi.

Kare chechi wakasimbiswa resimbi puranga. Chaizvoizvo, vanoponeswa kubva pakuparadzwa. Pakutanga, vavaki akasimbisa nheyo ezasi vematunhu, chinonyanya, nekuti aenzane ndiye refectory. Parizvino, basa rinoitwa pasi rechina nerechishanu mumatunhu. Vavaki zvichida kuramba nhoroondo matanda, kutsiva itsva chakaremara pamusana kuora kana Kuparara. Kune% 35 chete, izvo zvinoreva kuti yakadzorerwa Chechi Chitarisiko musi 65% panofanira nhau muti.

mhedziso

Muzinda wekare Spassky Kizhi, riri pamusoro kumbonyanya tsindirana Kizhi chitsuwa, zvino achipfuura danho porumutsiriro. Chikonzero ichi ndiko kukura pachena kuziva kukosha kuchengetedza chamazuva nhau nhaka, pakupedzisira, midzi yake.

Sei kusika Zaonezhye mumudzimu, tsika vanhu vari mairi? Zvechokwadi, maererano rokusika budiriro chinhu, iyo akazonzi mukuru Pushkin laconically - "Russian mweya".
Ndiye zvinowanisa rinokosha kutora-kubva chevarwere unyanzvi, iyo inoratidza mapurani Zvivako emapuranga mapurani, yakashongedzwa chitsuwa Kizhi (mufananidzo zvakabatanidzwa).