Kuchema kunokosha kudarika upfumi: pfungwa huru ye fable ndeyekuti "Sei varimi vakabvisa ibwe"

Purogiramu yekuverenga yepuraimari yechikoro inotaura kuti vana vari muchina fomu vanoziva basa ra Leo Tolstoy, fungisisa nezvemabasa evanhu vane ma heroes ezvinyorwa "Two Comrades" uye tsvaga mhinduro kumubvunzo pamusoro peiyi pfungwa huru yezvinyorwa "Nzira yekuti varimi vaibvisa ibwe". Aya mabasa mashoma muhuwandu, asi ari akanyanya muhutano, anodzidzisa vana kufunga nezvekuita nenzira yakarurama.

Idzidziso yezvinyorwa izvi ndeyotevera

Sei fari iri kudzidza? Chii ichocho? Tsanangudzo duramazwi SI. Ozhegova anotsanangura nhoroondo ye "fable" sechinyorwa chinyorwa chinonzi moralizing story. " Kuziva ruzivo urwu, vana vanodzidza kunzwisisa zvayo, iyo huru iyo ndeyokuvapo kwehutsika. Chii icho uye zvinorevei neshoko iri?

Nhema haisi kungoseka kukanganisa uye maitiro akaipa, asi inoita kuti zvive zvakakodzera kutora mhando yekudzidzisa zvakasimba pamusoro pekuti munhu anofanira (kana kuti haafaniri) kuita. Nhau pamusoro pemimwe mitemo yekuzvibata kana kukurukurirana, mirayiridzo yemunyori inoita tsika. Somuenzaniso, vana vekirasi yechina mukutsvaga mutemo vanofanira kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro pekuti chinangwa chei fable Tolstoy ndechekuti "Sei varimi vakabvisa dombo" kana "Vadikamwi vaviri".

Nhengo dze fable genre

Nhema inogona kuzivikanwa kwete chete nekuvapo kwetsika, inewo mamwe maitiro akasiyana. Iyi inogara iri nyaya pfupi, iyo inofadza nyaya inofadza. Munyori anobudirira mufananidzo wakajeka wakajeka kupa hurukuro yakadzidzisa inoratidzika. Semuenzaniso, zviitiko ivo pachavo uye pfungwa huru yeTolstoy yekuti "Mhuka yakabvisa ibwe" inoratidzwa mumitauro masere chete. Bhuku shomanana rinoita kuti basa riwanikwe nevana, vanoverenga, vanoongorora uye vanoridzorera. Tolstoy anoshandisa rudzi rwemhando ye fable kuti aratidze mafungiro ake, tsika dzinoratidzwa kwete kwete nedzidziso dzidziso, asi zvinonzwisisika. Muverengi anofanira kuzviita mhedziso.

Kune zvishomanana zvitsanangudzo uye dzakawanda hurukuro mundima. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo "hutano" hwemamiriro ezvinhu hunobudirira. Mhedziso huru ye fable "Kubva sei murume akabvisa ibwe" rinoreva mumatatu matatu evanhu vakasiyana pane imwecheteyo. Mumwe nomumwe wevarwi akapa mhinduro yaaifunga kuti yakakodzera, uye mhedziso yakataurwa kune muverengi nemunyori mumutsara wokupedzisira.

Mune fable pane kazhinji kacho mashomanana mashoma, rimwe nerimwe rinotakura chimwe chimiro chemashoko. Mune imwe yezvidzidzo zvechina-giredhi dzakadzidzwa, ivo vaviri shamwari, mune mamwe masayendisiti maviri uye imwe nyika iri nyore. Iyo maitiro kana mazwi eumwe wevarwi anowanzobudisa pfungwa huru. Nhema dzeTolstoy "Kuti murume akabvisa sei dombo" uye "Shamwari mbiri" - muenzaniso wakajeka weizvi.

Pfungwa huru yeimwe yenhema inoratidzwa neshamwari yakakandwa mukutambudzika pa "shamwari" yake iyo, panguva yakaoma, yakasarudza kutiza, ikasiya shamwari yake pangozi. Pfungwa huru ye fable "Sezvo murume akabvisa ibwe" yakaratidzwa nemunyori, asi mutakuri wepfungwa yekutanga yekubvisa ibwe iri runyararo rusinganzwisisiki uyo, nenzira, anopa pfungwa iyi, iyo iyo inogamuchira mubayiro wakakodzera.

Musiyano pakati pengano dzeKrylov naTolstoy

Mumabasa ake, Ivan Andreevich Krylov anowanzoita magamba emhuka, hove, shiri, achizvidza maitiro evanhu kuburikidza nemafambiro avo. Zvechokwadi, kunewo vanhu vemuvanhu munhema dzake. Leo Tolstoy anotsanangura dzidziso dzake kuburikidza nemiromo yevanhu, nhau dzake dzakafanana nenyaya duku, dzinotorwa kubva mumatambudziko ehupenyu.

Nokuda kwenhema dzake Ivan Andreevich Krylov akasarudza chimiro chekunyora, muna Leo Tolstoy pfungwa huru ye fable "Sezvo munhu akabvisa ibwe" uye fable "Two Comrades" inoratidzirwa muchirevo. Nhoroondo dzeKrylov dzinomiririra mamiriro ezvinhu kumeso edu, vanhu vanoseka vanopinda mumamiriro ezvinhu asina musoro nekuda kwekukanganisa kwavo.

Leo Tolstoy, asingatauri nemanzwiro chaiwo emunyori wemamiriro ezvinhu epanyika, anogadzirira vaverengi mufananidzo wakaipa wekambani akasiyiwa mushure mekubata bheta kana guta mumugwagwa, pakati pezvo rakarara dombo, iro rinogona kubviswa chete nehutu hunopinza.

Unoda nhau nhasi here?

Nhema dzakanyorwa naLool Tolstoy kare kare, makore mazhinji akapfuura. Vanhasi vanoda here vanhu vemazuva ano vanoshandisa zvikwata, vafambisi vezvikepe, makombiyuta uye foni? Chinhu chinodzidzisa pfungwa yavo huru here? Nhema "Kuti murume akabvisa sei dombo" uye "Shamwari mbiri" dzinomanikidzwa kufunga uye kuratidza, kuva nemutsa uye kuonga ushamwari, usasiya shamwari iri mumatambudziko. Uye muzana remakore rino kune zvakawanda zvevanhu, zvinhu zvinodzidzisa - fables - zvakakosha kudarika kare, dzinodiwa nemunhu kuzvidzivirira kuti ave nani, kubvisa maitiro akaipa. Ive fari mukana wekuzviona iwe kubva kunze uye kushanda pane kukanganisa kwako.

Zvose zvinonzwisisika zviri nyore

Nhema dzeTolstoy dzakafanana nenyaya dzevanhu, dziri pedyo nehuchenjeri hwevanhu, dzinoratidzwa nemashoko mashoma, zvirevo. Iwe unogona kutora mutauro weRussia manzwiro, kutsanangura kuti chii chiri pfungwa huru ye fable "Kuti varimi vakabvisa dombo sei." Semuenzaniso, "Iko kusina kutora demo, kunotora futi."

Leo Tolstoy nemubatsiro wenhau duku inounza kumuverengi pfungwa yokuti chero zvakakosha kudikanwa kuva uroyi, ipapo basa rakaoma zvikuru richazadzika nyore nyore.

Kuverenga fable yaLev Nikolaevich Tolstoy "Sezvo munhu akabvisa ibwe," munhu anonzwisisa kuti chero zvakadaro, unofunga kuongorora mhinduro dzakawanda. Iyi nzira inogona kuva inodhura uye isina ngozi. Somuenzaniso, imwe yevanjiniya yakarongedza nzira yakagadzirwa nesayenzi: kuputira dombo, asi zvivakwa zvemuguta zvinogona kutambura.

Murume akajeka akazova akachenjera kune vanjiniyanzvi vezvesayenzi, kupa nzira iri nyore - yekuchera gomba mukwere. Kutarisana nehuwandu hwevanhu uye ruzivo rwezuva nezuva rwekunzwisisa nzira dzezvesayenzi, Tolstoy inoratidza kuti pane dzimwe nguva munhu haafaniri kuomesa zvakanyanya basa racho uye anofanirwa kubhadhara kune kutsvaga nzira shoma uye yakareruka yekugadzirisa dambudziko racho.