Kazan Kremlin: photo uye zvinyorwa zvevashanyi. The Annunciation Cathedral yeKazzan Kremlin

Iko guta guru reTatarstan - rimwe remakore ekare epakati pekubudirira - rinowanzodanwa kuti "guta rezvivako zvakasiyana-siyana". Uye zvechokwadi, zvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevasayendisiti uye vadzidzisi, vanyori nevatenzi, vatungamiri uye majamba chete vakakurira kune vapfumi mumagariro uye tsika dzeKazan land. Nhoroondo yeguta iri yakabatana nezvinoitika zveDerzhavin, Pushkin, Shalyapin, L. Tolstoy, Lobachevsky nevamwe.

General information

Kazan mune zvinyorwa zvaro zvenhoroondo uye kuchengetedza tsika yemadhaka inenge yakaenzana nemitemo yakadai seSt. Petersburg kana kuMoscow. Mushure mezvose, hazvisi zvechimwe chinhu icho chinonzi chinonzi guta rechitatu reRussia. Zvigadziriswa zvaro zvekuvaka zvikakosha zvikuru kune nhoroondo yeRussia. Uye zvakadai seSyuyumbike - shongwe inowira, chivakwa chekare kupfuura nguva dzeIvan the Terrible, Blagoveshchensky Cathedral yeKazan Kremlin, nhare yeCannon Court (ichiripo kubva panguva yaPeter Mukuru) yakachengetwa kusvikira nhasi, inoshamiswa nemashizha ayo. Uyezve, Mutungamiriri weGavhuna ane musikiti weKul-Sharif akagamuchira hupenyu hwehupenyu hwenyika.

Pasi pemagariro eUUNESCO akatorwa uye ndeye chete iripo munyika yeTatar fortress, yakavakwa mazana emakore akapfuura uye yakachengeta zvayo zvepakutanga. Iyi ndiyo Kazan Kremlin, mufananidzo uri kumucheto weiwo unounza kumba vatashanyi vose vakashanyira guta iri.

Pearl yeTatarstan

Zvivako zvekutanga zvekutanga munharaunda yenhare zvakaratidzwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nerimwe. Yakanga iri iyo iyo madzinza eBulgaria akagara mugomo apo chivakwa chekare chakapfekedzwa, ndokutanga kusimbisa mapurisa emapuranga kunze kweKazzan Kremlin.

Kazan akavandudza, uye iyo citadel ne mausoleums nemasikiti yaivepo kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechitanhatu. Asi muna 1552 guta rakaparadzwa zvachose naIvan the terrible. Mugore rimwechete, kuvakwa kweimwe, nhare itsva yeRussia pamabhandi eRoga Volga yakatanga. Yakanga yakavakwa naPaskov masters, akatungamirirwa naPostnik Yakovlev naIvan Shirya.

Architecture

Kazan Kremlin yakagadzirwa nenhare yekare yakasimba. Yakanyatsogadzirwa kubva kuchena Volga limestone. Iyo shongwe dzeKazan Kremlin muchikamu chemasere masere kubva shure kwezana remakore rechitanhatu. Panguva imwecheteyo Cathedral Annunciation yakavakwa. Kwapera nguva-muzana remakore gumi nemasere - yakavakwa Syuyumbike - shongwe inowira. Chivako chezvivako muCannon Court neJunkers College yakavakwa muzana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe, uye yeUl-Sharif Mosque iri nhasi.

Gomo rakavakwa neKazan Kremlin rakapoteredzwa pamativi matatu nemvura. Yaiva nzvimbo yakanaka yekuvaka nhare. Nzvimbo dzokutanga dzedzimba dzeBulgaria dzakasvibiswa dzakaonekwa pabhangi rwizi ruduku kumazana ezviuru zvezana remakore, kunyange zvazvo mamwe matongo okuchera matongo ari uchapupu hwokuti kugadziriswa kwepaiti ino kwaive kune kare kare.

History of the Kazan Kremlin

Nhare yebwe yakavakwa kuitira kuchengetedza miganhu yekuchamhembe yeVolga Bulgaria. Pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nematatu, mauto eMongolia, akatungamirirwa naKhan Baty, akanga aenda zvikuru kumabvazuva kumvura yakadzika yeEurope. Mutemo we Golden Golden Horde hwakasimbiswa kwete chete kuRus neCrimea. Panguva imwecheteyo, Bulgaria yakawa, ichichinjwa kuva chirongo cheMongolian.

Mushure mokuparadzwa kweguta reBulggar, guta idzva rakatamiswa kuKazan. IKremlin yemunharaunda yakava nzvimbo yekugara mutongi, uye guta racho pacharo rakazotumidzwa zita zvakare. Asi vagari vemo havana kugamuchira zita idzva, saka hutungamiri hwakatanga kuinzi Kazan ulus.

Mushure mekufa kweGood Horde muna 1438, chirongwa cheKarate chakazvimirira chakavambwa. Basa rakashanda rakatanga kusimbisa masvingo emabwe eKremlin. Ivo, maererano nevanyori, vakava "masimba asingasvikiki".

Panharaunda yacho yakagadzirirwa imba yamambo nemasikiti - marombo Nur-Ali uye matanda Khanskaya, ayo akazotumidzwa zita reSeid Kul-Sharif. Ndiye iye uyo muna 1552 aidzivirira Kazan Kremlin kubva kumasoja eIvan the Terrible.

Rusvingo rusvingo

Kusvikira nhasi, kwete chivako chimwe chete chechi khan chinopona. Uyezve, apo Kazan Kremlin yakava rusvingo rweRussia pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nematanhatu, machechi eOrthodox akatanga kuvakwa panzvimbo dzezvivako zveMuslim - "nzvimbo yekusatendeseka". Kunyangwe Syuyumbike, kusvika kusvika muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, kunyanganisa kunonzi kune zvivako zveKana nguva, yakavakwa kare gare, ikozvino muRussia nguva. Uye uchapupu hweizvi zvinhu zvakawanda, zvivakwa zvavo, kunyanya pilasters uye nzvimbo dzezvifananidzo.

Pashure pokukunda kweguta racho, Ivan the Terrible akatuma vataki vemo ikoko. Vakatanga chivako chitsva. Chokutanga, zvivako zvikuru - temberi uye shongwe - dzakagadzirwa nematanda. Zvinotendwa kuti yekutanga yedombo yakavakwa kereke duku mukukudza kwaSt. Nicholas Wonderworker.

The Imperial Residence

Muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, Nicholas I anosarudza kuti gavhuna weguta achaita mabasa ehurumende yaTsar. Panguva imwecheteyo yakarongwa kuti Kazan Kremlin, uyo mufananidzo wacho unoratidza chivako chechivakwa ichi chakavakwa, chichava chigaro cheumambo. Mukubatana neizvi, kuvakwa kweimba yegavhuna yakatanga. Chimiro chakanga chakagadzirwa nemuvakiriti Constantine Ton. Ane pachake pfungwa yokusika muKazan analogu duku yeGreat Kremlin Palace. Panguva yebasa rekuvaka, Nicholas I pachake akacherechedza zvikuru. Sekuguma, chivakwa chakava muenzaniso unoshamisa wevhangeri reRussian-Byzantine rakashongedza Kazan Kremlin.

Excursion

Kwemakore ane chiuru chemakore, nhoroondo yezvigadziriswa zvekuvakira yakaramba ichichinja maitiro ayo. Asi masangano emasikiti ekare nemasvingo akachengetedzwa zvakadzika pasi, uyewo nzvimbo dzakavigwa dzakawanda, dzakasara kusvikira nhasi. Iye zvino munharaunda yevashanyi yakazarura matungamusi eKazan Kremlin, yakatsaurirwa kwete nechisimba ichi chekare, asi kazhinji nhoroondo yevanhu, tsika dzeIslami uye mamiriro ezvinhu enyika ino. Panewo chiyeuchidzo cheGreat Patriotic War mukurangarira mazana matatu nemazana makumi mashanu veTataristani vasina kudzoka kubva mberi.

Spassky Tower

Chinhu chokutanga icho vatashanyi vanoona kuti chakakodzera Kazan Kremlin ndiyo Spasskaya Tower. Inogadzirwa mumutauro weBulgaria uye yakashongedzwa nekondo mbiri-musoro. Iyo shongwe yakavakwa muma1660. Yakanga ichidzokororwa zvakare uye yakavakwa zvakare.

Kunze kweSpasskaya Tower, mamwe mabasa manomwe akafanana akachengeterwa munharaunda yenhare: Voskresenskaya, Kuchinja, South-East uye South-Western, Consistorial, Bezymyannaya uye Tainitskaya.

Süümbike

Kunyanya kutarisa mubatanidzwa kunokwezva chivako ichi. Pamusoro pePisa yakakurumbira pamamita maviri, shongwe iyi yakatanga chitsitsinho pakarepo pakapedzwa kuvaka. Pakazosvika makore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu, maonero ekutsika kwayo akanga asvika pakurema kwemazana zana nemakumi maviri nemasere. Uye kana zvisiri zvekudzorera uye kusimbisa mabasa, rugwaro rwayo rwaizova rwakakura zvikuru.

Iyo shongwe Syuyumbike inonzi chiziviso chekuvaka chakazivikanwa cheguta guru reTatarstan. Kufungidzira Kazan pasina iyo haigoneki, seIjipita pasina mapiramidi, neParis pasina Eiffel Tower.

Chimiro chakanaka chechivakwa ichi chinokwezva kutarisa kwevashanyi, uye nhoroondo uye nhema dzinotaura pamusoro pazvo zvinonakidza zvechokwadi. Heanoi mumwe wavo. Ivan uyo anotyisa, uyo akakunda Kazan, akafarira mukadzikadzi akanaka. Zvisinei, iyo yakanaka Syuyumbike, uyo akagamuchira chikwata chekuroorana kubva kuRussia Tsar, akaisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu: kuvaka mumazuva manomwe akadaro shongwe, pamusoro apa iyo hapazovi nenhare. Panguva iyoyo, chishuwo chake chakazadziswa. Uye Syuyumbike pachake, uyo akafunga kuti akasarudza kutaura zvakanaka kuvanhu vake vadikanwa, akakwira kusvika kune chimiro ichi ndokumhanyira kubva mairi. Kubvira ipapo iyo shongwe yakatanga kutenderera pasi ...

Gavhuna's Palace

Ichi chinyararire hachisi chetsika chete. Nhasi, sezvakaitwa munguva yekare, inoita zvematongerwo enyika nekutonga. Kuva imwe imba yemambo, nhasi imba yamambo ndiyo nzvimbo yeMutungamiri weTatarstan. Muzvivako zvakawanda zvakatarisana nazvo, mafundisi nematare akasiyana-siyana aripo.

The Annunciation Cathedral

Ichokwadi chimwe chezvigadzirwa zvekare kare zvekuvakwa kweRussia zvakachengetwa mumusoro weyi republic. The Annunciation Cathedral yeKazzan Kremlin yakavakwa musi waOctober 4, 1552 pamirairo yaIvan the Terrible. Chechi yehuni yakatemwa mumazuva masere chete mumatongo. Uye kare zuva rechitanhatu romwedzi iwoyo iro rakatsaurirwa mukuremekedzwa kwekududzirwa kweMhandara Yakaropafadzwa. Chikamu chikuru chebasa revasande vazhinji veKazani chinosanganiswa nechechi ino yakasiyana-siyana, pano vakavigwa. Kwete zvakaipa zvakachengetedzwa uye sero rebhishopi wekutanga we diocese ino - Archbishop Guria. Uye kurutivi rwekumabvazuva kworusvingo nenzira inoshamisa yakachengetedza fresco yekare-kare inoratidza mufananidzo weMuponesi Usati Wakaitwa nemaoko.

Kul-Sharif Mosque

Zviyeuchidzo zveKazan Kremlin mubhuku rayo zvinosanganisira imba yemazuva ano, asi yakanaka kwazvo. Uyu ndiwo musikiti weKul-Sharif. Kwenguva yokutanga iyo yakanyatsofungisisa mukati mayo yakanzwika musi waJune 24, 2005. Inosanganisira zita ra Said Said-Sharif. Yakanga iri imamu ye musikiti iyo yainzi Al-Kabir, iyo yakanga iripo panguva yeKazan Khanate uye yakaparadzwa nemasoja eIvan the Terrible.

Nhasi, Kul-Sharif inofungidzirwa kuva mutero kumurangariro uye kuremekedzwa kumadzitateguru ari kure. Musikisi iyi inonyanya kushandiswa kwekugadzira michina netsika, dzakawanda kwazvo munyika yeIslami.

Kul-Sharif yakavakwa uye ikozvino yakagadzwa semusikiti mukuru wevatatari vose vanogara panyika. Ichi chiitiko cheChishanu cheMoslem chechiShona, saka Namaz inoverengwa mairi kwete kamwe chete pazuva. Muzhinji, vatasvi vauya kumusidho, iyo isina mavhiki masikati kana mazororo.

Nzira yekuenda seiko?

Kazan Kremlin iri pamahombekombe eruboshwe aamai Volga. Iwe unogona kusvika ipapo nebhasi 6, 29, 37, 35, 47 uye dzimwe nzira, neTrolleybus, uye ne metro. Pedyo nechiteshi "Kremlyovskaya" yakavakwa. Avo vanouya nekutakura kwevanhu vose, unogona kuenda kunomira "TSUM", "st. Bauman "," Palace of Sports "kana" Central Stadium ".

Kuvhura kwenharaunda yeKazzan Kremlin kune rusununguko. Iwe unogona kupinda nepagedhi kubva kune rumwe rutivi rweSpassky Tower.

Ongororo

Mushure mekuvandudzwa, dambudziko rezvivakwa zvakavakwa zvakashata. Asi apo mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe emakore ekupedzisira Kazan Kremlin yakagamuchira nzvimbo yehugaro hweMutungamiri weTatarstan, basa rokudzorera rakatanga pano. Nhasi vatashanisi vanodana iyi nhare yekare nzvimbo yekutanga yeguta, iyo masentimita makumi mana emakamuri ayo akazara neyakaitika.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rapfuura, basa rakavamba pakudzorerwa kweMusque Sharif. Uye nhasi iyo inonzi inofanirwa kune imwe huru pane yose yeEurope. Uye muna 2003 mufananidzo wakafananidzwa wakagadzirwa mupaki iri pedyo neAn Annunciation Cathedral. Yakanzi "Architects of the Kazan Kremlin". Kubva pane zvakavezwa vavaki - Russian neTatar - tarisa mabasa avo. Mushure mezvose, chibereko chebasa ravo - sangano rakasiyana-siyana rekugadzira - rakasikwa uye rinomutswa nekuedza kwevanhu ava vaviri.

Vatashanyi vanogunun'una: kuti vaone zvinhu zvose zveKazzan Kremlin, rimwe kana maviri mazuva hazvikwani. Vamwe, avo vasina kukwana munguva, vanosarudza rwendo rwekuona. Iyo inopedza hafu kusvika kumaawa maviri uye inotora anenge mazana matanhatu rubles kweboka revanhu gumi kusvika kune gumi. Vazhinji vevashanyi vose vanofadzwa neKathedral Cathedral yeKazan Kremlin. Ichi chivako chakachena-chando neimba yebhuruu-yebhuruu, maererano nevatendi vakawanda, inopesana nemafungiro avo.

Kutanga kwemu mireniyamu Kazan Kremlin kwakazosanganiswa pamwe nehuwandu hweUNESCO. Ichi chinokosha chakasiyana-siyana chekuoma - zvipupuriro kune kuwira uye kukwira kwevanhu vose vanogara munzvimbo yeVolga panguva dzakasiyana, - avo vakashanyira pano vanoziva kunyatsoona mumhinduro dzavo.