Kunonyanyisa Ukobvu chando Antarctica: zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Vakawanda Antarctica kondinendi huru yakafukidzirwa chando. Asi zvose hachisi nyore. Masayendisiti akawana kuti muna Antarctica kare, anenge mamiriyoni 52 apfuura, akakura michindwe, baobabs, Araucaria, Macadamia uye dzimwe mhando rudo kupisa-zvirimwa. Zvino nomusi yakaoma yaiva inopisa. Nhasi, ari kondinendi - nomugwenga polar.

Tisati tine Ukanyatsotarisa mubvunzo pamusoro chii pakukora chando Antarctica, isu nyora zvimwe zvinofadza zvinenge kure, enigmatic, uye coldest kondinendi iri Earth.

Muridzi Antarctica?

Tisati mberi zvakananga mubvunzo vanofanira chii pakukora chando Antarctica, kusarudza ndoupi izvi kondinendi rakasiyana havaratidzi kudzidza.

Kutaura zvazviri, iye asina chero hurumende. Nyika dzakawanda dziri nguva yake vakaedza kutora pamusoro zvarinoroora kurenje, kure kunyika yebudiriro, asi December 1, 1959 akanga asaina Convention (vakapinda simba pamusoro June 23, 1961), Antarctica haagari pasi izvo chero mamiriro. Zvino vatori chesungano vari 50 inoti (pamwe kodzero dzokuvhota) uye yakawanda akazviona kunyika. Zvisinei, kuvapo chibvumirano hazvirevi kuti signatories kuti gwaro iri nyika vakasiya ayo miganhu maruramiro yacho uye pedyo nzvimbo.

rubatsiro

Vazhinji ndivo rakakura Antarctic chando mugwenga, apo, pasina chando uye chando, zvachose. Uye kuti mukuru zvakadini ichi ichokwadi, asi pane dzimwe pfungwa dzinonakidza nezvazvo. Naizvozvo, kwete chete pakukora chando Antarctica achaita nharo.

On ino, pane zvikuru zvakawanda mumupata pasina chando, uye kunyange jecha Dunes. Chando munzvimbo imomo, kwete nokuti inodziya, nekusiyana, pane zvakawanda zvikuru okunze kupfuura dzimwe dziri kondinendi.

Valley McMurdo inooneka anotyisa katabatic mhepo nokukurumidza rinosvika 320? Km paawa. Vanovata kwakanyanya kwemvura ine mwando, izvo chinoita kuti kushaya echando uye chando. ezvinhu zvipenyu zviri chaizvo akafanana Mars, saka NASA ari mipata McMurdo vakapfuudzira miedzo "Viking" (chitundumusere-musere).

Pane vari Antarctica uye guru wemakomo eJudhiya kuti akafanana pakukura kusvika Alps. Doma nayo - gamburtsev wemakomo eJudhiya, nezita ane mukurumbira Soviet academician geophysicist George Gamburtseva. Muna 1958, rwendo rwake vakaona navo.

gomo Its chakarebesa Range riri 1300 km upamhi - kubva 200 kusvika 500 makiromita. yakakwirira Its rinosvika 3390 mamita. The dzinonakidza zvikuru ndechokuti ichi gomo guru nhema pasi makobvu rukoko (avhareji kusvikira mamita 600) echando. Panotova dzine aizi mukobvu kupfuura 4 makiromita.

About okunze

uye vashoma yakaoma okunze - In Antarctica, ipapo musiyano zvinoshamisa pakati uwandu mvura (70 muzana mvura yakachena) ndiyo. Ndiwo mugove chakaoma yose nyika.

Kunyange kupfuura kuchipisa uye inopisa mumarenje zvenyika anowira zvakawanda kuchinaya kupfuura chakaoma mipata Antarctica. In nhamba nokuti gore chete 10 masendimita mvura inonaya pamusoro South Pole.

Vazhinji kondinendi iri akafukidzwa chando husingaperi. Chii pakukora aizi pamusoro kondinendi yose Antarctica, tinodzidza akaderera zvishoma.

On kwenzizi Antarctica

Mumwe nzizi, uchanyauka anoridza mvura kumabvazuva ndiye eonikisi. Anoenderera mberi Lake Vanda, riri munzvimbo dzisinganayi mumupata Wright. Maererano okunze zvakanyanyisa kudaro eonikisi ine mvura yaro miviri chete kwemwedzi yegore, panguva pfupi Antarctic zhizha.

Dzorwizi kureba 40 makiromita. Hove haasi pano, asi dzakasiyana-siyana mhenyu algae uye zvigare.

kupisa

Antarctica ndiye kupfuura mugove wenyika yakafukidzwa neaizi. Pano, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zviri yakaomerera 90% of zvachose guru chando munyika. Avhareji ukobvu pamusoro Antarctic echando ari anenge 2133 mamita.

Kana kunyunguduka ose chando pamusoro Antarctic gungwa yomuropa vaigona simuka ne 61 mamita. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo avhareji tembiricha iri kondinendi iri -37 Celsius, saka nguva sezvo hapana ngozi chaiyo yakadaro njodzi. dzakawanda kondinendi, tembiricha haana hunopfuura razero.

About mhuka

Antarctic fauna of chinomiririrwa mamwe marudzi invertebrates, shiri uye mhuka. Panguva ino iri Antarctica kuwana asingasviki 70 mhando invertebrates, dendere marudzi mana PENGUIN. On mundima polar nharaunda akawana zvisaririra anoverengeka mhando ^dinosaurs.

Polar unobereka dzinozivikanwa kuti kwete kugara Antarctica, yavanogara kweArctic. Vazhinji kondinendi iri inogarwa PENGUIN. Kunenge kuti mhuka idzi mbiri kusangana nguva mune zvakasikwa zvakatipoteredza.

Iyi ndiyo chete nzvimbo panyika, musha kune rakasiyana mambo PENGUIN ndivo chirefu kupfuura uye kupfuura pakati pehama dzake dzose. Uyezve, ndiyo chete kwemarudzi ruminant panguva Antarctic yechando. Ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando, ari Adelie Penguinkuva dzinoita kurutivi rwezasi kondinendi.

Mainland hakusi akafuma kwazvo nemhuka dziri munyika, asi muna yegungwa anogona kuwanikwa muurayi hove huru, zvitema hove huru, uye gungwa shumba. Anogara kujairika Tupukanana pano uye - wingless midge, ane kureba 1,3 masendimita Nokuda zvakanyanyisa vhuvhuta ezvinhu kubhururuka tumbuyu vari non-aripo ..

Pakati vazhinji Penguinkuva dzaidzorwa zvinowanikwa dema springtails, vachisvetuka akafanana inda. Kunyange Antarctica ndiye kondinendi chete apo hazvibviri kusangana masvosve.

Area chando pabutiro kumativi Antarctica

Tisati tinoona chii kufadza Ukobvu chando Antarctica, funga chando yakapoteredza gungwa Antarctica. Vari kuwedzera mune dzimwe nzvimbo apo kudzikira mune vamwe. Zvakare, chikonzero kuchinja izvi ane mhepo.

Somuenzaniso, mhepo hwokuchamhembe inopepereswa hombe matombo echando nenzira kubva yakaoma, uye saka kuomesa anorasikirwa chikamu chando. Zvinoguma nokuwedzera vazhinji chando kumativi Antarctica, uye uwandu chando kuti vanoumba ayo chando jira ipfupi.

The zvachose nzvimbo huru anenge mamiriyoni 14 mativi makiromita. Muzhizha, rakakomberedzwa ba mamiriyoni 2,9. ? km Ice muchando, nzvimbo iyi ichiwedzerwa anenge 2,5 nguva.

subglacial nyanza

Nepo kunonyanyisa Ukobvu chando Antarctica kunofadza, pane iri kondinendi pevhu nyanza, iyo, zvichida, zvakare, pane upenyu mamiriyoni emakore vakashanduka zvachose voga.

In yose inozivikanwa kuvapo vanopfuura 140 reservoirs zvakadaro, ramakagadzwa yakanakisisa kuvazivisa ndiye nyanza. East, iri kure muSoviet (Russian) "Vostok" chiteshi, randakapiwa zita kwegungwa. Chetyrohkilometrovaya stratum chando anofukidza yepanyama chinhu. Lake haadi -oma nokuti pasi pake pevhu geothermal zvinyorwa. The mvura tembiricha iri pakadzika dziva riri pamusoro +10 ° C.

Maererano zvekungofungira masayendisiti, kureva chando massif somutariri dzinongoitika insulator, izvo zvakabatsira kuti achengetedze rakasiyana zvipenyu mamiriyoni makore kuumba uye ichishanduka munhu vakanyarara zvachose dzimwe nyika echando rerenje.

Pakukora chando muna Antarctica

Antarctic chando papepa iri kupfuura panyika. By nharaunda, zviri nani kuti Groenlândia Ice makore anenge 10 nguva. Zvinonzi kusimbiswa mamiriyoni 30 cubic makiromita echando. It ane chimiro nzvimbo yakatenuka pemvura iyo anowedzera kurutivi pamhenderekedzo, apo, munzvimbo dzakawanda zvinonzi flanked neaizi echiShinto. Mukuru ukobvu pamusoro Antarctic echando rinosvika mune dzimwe nzvimbo (kumabvazuva) 4800 m.

In kumavirira, uye ndicho zvakadzamisisa Continental mwoyo - mwoyo Bentley (anofungidzirwa kwakabva vagadzirisane), vakazadzwa chando. udzamu ayo 2555 metres pazasi pegungwa.

Ndeipi avhareji Ukobvu chando Antarctica? Kubva munenge 2500 kusvika 2800 mamita.

A shoma kunakidza zvinhu

In Antarctica kune muviri wechisikigo mvura nemvura yakachena Panyika. Sea Weddell anonzi kuti zvikuru segirazi munyika. Chokwadi, hapana chinhu chinoshamisa ichi, sezvo iri ino hapana muchimhura. Pane ari paakavapa kufadza kukosha hama pachena mvura (79 m), izvo zvinenge rinoenderana pachena kuti kwakadonhera mvura.

Mune mipata McMurdo riri kujairika Ropa Falls. It anotevera kubva Taylor Glacier uye runoyerera kupinda West Lake Bonney, akafukidza chando. Source mapopoma - munyu nyanza, yaiva pasi gobvu chando pepa (400 metres). Nokuda mvura munyu hazvirevi -oma, kunyange panguva yakaderera chaizvo tembiricha. It yakaumbwa anenge mamiriyoni 2 years ago.

The mumwechete pamusoro mapopoma iri ruvara mvura yaro - ropa dzvuku. simba rake asingadi kuona kugara chiedza chezuva. A mukuru zviri simbi oxide mumvura pamwe tupukanana tusingaoneki, kugamuchira simba kubudikidza rutapudzo kuti sulfate zvazvichanyungudutswa mumvura - chikonzero ichi zvakafanana ruvara.

Permanent vanogara Antarctica kwete. Kune chete vanhu vanogara panyika yakaoma vamwe nguva. Iyi nguva vamiririri vemunharaunda yesayenzi. Muchirimo, nhamba masayendisiti achitsigirwa mudonzvo vanenge 5000, uye muna chando - muna 1000.

The Kudeuka iceberg

Ukobvu chando muna Antarctica, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, akasiyana zvikuru. Asi pakati pegungwa echando floes pane icebergs makuru, kusanganisira B-15, mumwe chikuru.

Kureba - anenge 295 makiromita, upamhi - 37 km uye pepasi kunharaunda 11 000 sq. makiromita (more Jamaican nharaunda). Its anofungidzirwa uremu - mabhiriyoni 3 matani. Uye kunyange nhasi, pashure kusvika 10 makore yakayerwa, dzimwe vaRafa ichi haina yakarukutika.

mhedziso

Antarctica - nzvimbo zvakavanzika anoshamisa nezvishamiso. Of makondinendi nomwe, akanga vokupedzisira kuvhura kamwe vaongorori vafambi. Antarctica - muduku akadzidza, uye inogarwa kondinendi mutsa panyika, asi iyewo zvechokwadi kupfuura fabulously akanaka uye zvinoshamisa.