Kuti tibatsire mudzidzi: pfupiso uye kuongorora "Matryona" A. I. Solzhenitsyna

Okugadzira zvinhu Soviet Russian munyori A. I. Solzhenitsyna zvinoreva kupfuura unoshamisa uye kukosha mapeji mabhuku edu. The chikuru chakanakira kuti muverengi ndechokuti munyori waitwa vanhu kufunga kwangu kare, pamusoro pazvakanga mapeji enhau, vakati utsinye chokwadi pamusoro zhinji utsinye mirairo hurumende yeSoviet uye vakafumura midzi impoverishment zvokunamata pashure - pashure Perestroyka - namarudzi. Nyaya "Matryona" Panyaya iyi, kupfuura kuratidzwa.

History zvisikwa uye autobiographical motifs

Saka, nhoroondo yokusika uye ongororo. "Matryona" rinoreva nyaya, kunyange saizi yayo kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura zvetsika yechinangwa akati mabhuku Genre. Zvakanyorwa 1959 uye akabudiswa - kuonga kuedza uye zvinoitwa Tvardovsky, mupepeti zviri mberi panguva yacho mabhuku magazini "World New" - muna 1963, makore mana netarisiro - pfupi nguva kuti munyori anenge akagara mumisasa pamwe rusarura pakati "muvengi vanhu "uye kunyadziswa mushure bhuku" Rimwe zuva muna Ivana Denisovicha. "

We mberi kuongorora. "Matryona" mberi vatsoropodzi funga kunyange kusimba uye zvikuru basa pane "Rimwe Day ...". Kana nyaya zvichaitirwa musungwa Shukhov muverengi akakunda utsva kwemashoko, ushingi yokusarudzira dingindira uye mharidzo yacho, kumupomera simba, iyo Nhoroondo Matryona zvinoshamisa mutauro zvinoshamisa, ugone kurarama Russian shoko uye chikuru tsika nokuchengeta, dzavasinei nadzo pakunamata, izvo vakazadzwa chigadzirwa peji yacho. Solzhenitsyn akaronga zita nyaya iyi nzira: "Hazvina kukodzera mumusha pasina munhu akarurama" kusvikira musoro uye pfungwa pakutanga aizviti. Asi kusenza hakugoni uchashayikwa saka inoshamisa nokuda Soviet dzematongerwe zita kuna Mwari nekuti mashoko awa munyori anenge akaiswa panopera basa rake, vanoda izvozvo zita heroine. Zvisinei, nyaya chete akakunda permutation.

Chiizve chinokosha kuti kuziva, mberi ongororo? "Matryona" rinoreva mabhuku anonzi yokumaruwa, zvakarurama tikacherechedza zvinokosha raro chart iyi Russian kutaura unyanzvi. Kuvimbika uye fungidzira veracity nemunyori, dzakaoma tsika nzvimbo uye kwakawedzera unyoro, kutadza kusiya, sezvo aida censors uye mamiriro zvakakonzera mberi kudzivisa nyaya, rumwe rutivi, uye yakajeka, zvakajeka muenzaniso vanyori - Contemporary Solzhenitsyn vamwe. Yemunyori nzvimbo vaisagona kuva zvakazara chokuita dingindira mabasa. Uye vasingagoni kuva kudaro, vachitaura kuti Matryona wakarurama, akwegura murimi mudiki mukadzi kubva Hamlet Talnovo vaigara zvikuru kuti kunyange ndiye "mukati", pakutanga Russian kure nemaguta.

With zvikabva pamusoro heroine Solzhenitsyn aiziva pachake. Kutaura zvazviri, iye anoti nezvake - aichimbova muchiuto, uyo akapedza makore gumi mumisasa vari nhapwa, zvikuru ndaneta matambudziko uye nokusaruramisira muupenyu uye mweya nyota zororo wakadzikama uye nemudronoy dzematunhu runyararo. Uye Matrona Vasilevna Grigoreva - nayo Matrona Zakharova Miltsevo kubva mumusha, mumba umo bara Aleksandr Isaevich angled. A upenyu Matrona nyaya - njodzi munhu artistically generalized chaiye nyore mukadzi Russian shoma.

The dingindira uye pfungwa basa

Avo verenga nyaya, kuti varege omesa uye ongororo. "Matryona" - munhu worudzii mufananidzo bessrebrenitse, hunoshamisa mukadzi mutsa uye nezloblivosti. Her hwose upenyu - kushumira vanhu. Aishanda papurazi kuti "rokushanda-tsotso", vakarasikirwa utano, asi haana kugamuchira mudyandigere. Pataidzokera muguta, kuti kuedza nesimba rake, uye havadi kunyunyuta, zhamba, zvikuru kudiwa chinhu. Asi kana sachigaro kolkhoz anofanira kuenda kunoshanda kukohwa kana Kusakura pasinei zvakaipa kana kunzwa pachavo Matrona, uye achiri rakanga, rakabatsira vanhuwo chikonzero. Uye kana vavakidzani akakumbira ruoko kuchera matapiri - zvakanaka. I kumbotaurawo muripo basa, vakafara nomwoyo wose mweni vapfumi kukohwa uye kwete godo, kana mbatatisi dzacho dzakanga yakaisvonaka, kunyange shure.

"Matryona" - rondedzero inobva romunyori zvaanorumbidza ari chisinganzwisisike mweya Russian. Ndiwo mweya ichi heroine. Externally, home mupenyu chaizvo havaratidzi, anenge nische, zviri kwazvo akapfuma uye akanaka nyika yomukati, ake nomufaro. Handina kutevera pfuma, uye zvose zvakanaka - mbudzi, wachena akaremara katsi, rabha zvirimwa muimba yepamusoro asi mapete. Asina vana vavo, iye akamutsa nokurerwa Sirasi - mwanasikana Aimbova nomukomana. Iye rinopa chikamu kari, uye panguva zvekufambisa, kubatsira vanofa pasi mavhiri muchitima.

Kuongororwa chigadzirwa "Matryona" kunobatsira zvinoratidza muenzaniso anonakidza. Panguva upenyu vanhu vakaita Matryona Vasil chikonzero iri dzakapoteredza hama uye vachishamiswa, kugumbuka, mhosva. Avo hanzvadzi heroine, "kuchema" izvozvo, mucheme kuti hapana chakasara nezvazvo pashure zvinhu kana mamwe upfumi, uye vanomirira uye ipapo hapana. Asi rufu wake sevakanga Akadzimwa mumusha vamwe womoto, kunyange zvasviba, duller, sadder kwakanga. Pashure pezvose, waiva kuti Matrona wakarurama, inoti nyika, uye pasina zvisingabvumirwi inokosha musha kana guta, kana Nyika pachayo.

Hongu, Matrona - simba okuberekwa. Asi chii chichaitika kwatiri kana vakadaro pano okupedzisira vafudzi vanhu, kunamata, ushamwari uye mutsa aenda? Ndizvo nezvazvo uye anotikoka kuti kufunga munyori ...