Kuvhenekerwa - chii ichi? Russian dzidzo. dzidzo zviri pamutemo

Kwemazana emakore akawanda, yakabuda uye zvishoma nezvishoma anyangarika zvakasiyana mirayiridzo kwouzivi. Vamwe vavo zvinoenderana nomudzimu nguva yake, wake zvimwe mberi munzira dzakawanda. Mumwe wavo akaramba uye kunyange akasima ehurumende, uye wechipiri vakava wakarambidzwa. Pane zvakawanda zviitiko apo vakakurumbira nevafungi vakatanga kutambudzwa, mabhuku avo pachena akapisirwa padanda somunhu kumhura. Imwe simba kupfuura kufamba makore 17-18 aiva Kujekerwa. Zvaibva England, rakakurumidza kupararira muEurope yose.

Key zviri Kujekerwa

Education - nzira kurwa dzakarwiwa pedyo vamiririri bourgeoisie uye tsika uye enyika gadziriro ehurumende. zvikamu Revolutionary dzakanaka munzanga zamu vavengi aivapo feudal-absolutist hurongwa. Unogona kupa mumwe pfungwa. Kuvhenekerwa - ndiyo kutungamirirwa tsika nouzivi kufunga, chokuita nenzvimbo capitalist ukama. Zviri inonzwisisika danho kukura chero mamiriro achifinyamisa kubva kare kusvika nheyo neitsva, industrialisticheskim. The chikuru zviri Kujekerwa vari:

• gutsaruzhinji, iyo kunonatsiridza dzidzo muzvikamu zvose vokuparidzira;
• rationalism, ichipa yakadzika kutenda risingaperi yaibvira pfungwa dzevanhu. The chikuru nditsigire pfungwa idzi vakava Kant;
• pamutemo dzidzo. Raisanganisira kufambiswa ruzivo pamusoro inalienable kodzero uye rusununguko vanhu vose.

Kuvhenekerwa Mune Europe

Paraiitwa apo pakutanga akauya rationality uye vakasununguka kufunga, aiva mumwe kiyi pakugadzirwa yebudiriro ano. Education - a zvairatidza wamuka pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu yesayenzi chimurenga muEngland. nokukurumidza, pfungwa itsva vakapararira muEurope, achipinda France, uye gare gare Russia. Nokudaro, Chirungu Kujekerwa aiva mubereki sangano simba, munzira dzakawanda kwakachinja nemaonero evanhu. The nesimba zvikuru vaiva vamiririri Kujekerwa muFrance. nyika iyi ndiyo inozivikanwa vazivi ayo kunoshamisa akasika voluminous akadhindwa. Pasi pokudzora chinokosha misimboti Kujekerwa rakanyorwa Declaration of Independence muUnited States, uyewo Declaration French pakati Rights woMunhu uye ari Citizen .

Incipient kufamba vasingagoni asi kukanganisa tsika uye siyana mabhora ose evanhu upenyu. The US Department of Education chagumbura kurambidzwa kwouranda uye ichitongwa nyika vanogamuchira rusununguko. Uyewo, yekudyidzana vaizeza nesimba vakakwirira, uyewo kuderedza simba yeChechi pamusoro evanhu upenyu. Kare zvakanga rakapotsa mhedziso.

The chaizvo tsika dzidzo vaisafananidzira imwe chikoro uzivi. Kakawanda, maonero nevafungi siyana uye nevateveri vavo vakanga yakasiyana uye kunyange dzinopesana. Vakabatanidzwa kutsoropodzwa kwavo yemamiriro tsika dzechinyakare, mutsika, yetsika uye enyika maonero.

Maererano nguva miganhu Kujekerwa, kare havagoni kuuya chete pfungwa. Vamwe vanodavira kuti sangano dzakatangira mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, apo vamwe vanodavira kuti raiva pakati rechi18. Kuguma iyi kakawanda chokuita norufu Voltaire, uyewo pakuvamba Napoleonic hondo. Pane imwe pfungwa: ari apogee Kujekerwa akava ari Mbiri Revolution muEngland uye French Revolution.

Education in Petrine yaitonga

Remakore namasere akaburuka munhau senguva Russian zvinoshamisa kusiyana, zvichiita mabhora ose oupenyu. Ndakaona kuwedzera nesayenzi uye dzidzo. Chakaitika zvenyika muchechi mapurani, makasimbiswa nemagariro ukama nemamwe marudzi, kukunda nyika voga. First akazviratidza mamiziyamu, gungano, nguva mabhuku, yepamutemo rokunyika kuzvikoro.

Russian Education - iri kuedza nepose kuti kutevedzera European nzira youpenyu. Vashambadzi, vafundisi akapikisa zvakasimba zvakagadzirwa uye ndisingadi vakananga vakakwirira.

Kujekerwa muzana remakore rechi18

A yakawanda nezvayo dzidzo, tsika uye unyanzvi rakapiwa pamazuva yaitonga Catherine II. The Empress akatenga kuunganidzwa emifananidzo uye zvivezwa, akakurukura vakakurumbira dzemitambo, kusanganisira vakanga vabva kune dzimwe nyika. Muenzaniso Catherine II akatevera uye ayo anofungidzirwa. Vaiita ari matunhu avo kuratidzira, kubatana yakaisvonaka uye rinovhenekera.

Zvakawanda nzeve rwakabhadharwa mune nguva ino kadheti School, ne zvikoro. Huru munorumbidzirweiko Empress zvaisanganisira kusikwa rakabatana dzidzo gadziriro umo makanga musina nokupesana mukati makirasi. The chete kunze ndiwo serfs.

Kokutanga pamberi vakuru akamutsa mubvunzo pamusoro pave vakawanda dzidzo, uye kwete chete michina uye zvakasikwa.

Russian mutemo dzidzo

Mibvunzo chokuita nokudzidza uye nokudzidzisa kunyatsogona mitemo yakabuda muRussia mukupera kwezana remakore rechi17. Vakanga anokonzerwa akadzikama chinoziva absolutism uye kusikwa rakabatana yedzidzo. Kare 1682 mambo Theodore A. akakurudzira zvakasimba kudzidza nhaka yezvokunamata uye zviri pamutemo. Asi Kuita izvi havana akashandurirwa upenyu. Padanho ruzivo pamutemo vakaramba pasi chaizvo munyika.

Yokutanga vadzidzisi chaivo muRussia anogona kunzi Peter I uye Catherine II. Zviri zvavaiita vokutanga prerequisites vakasikwa kuti paumbwe imwe ano zviri pamutemo hurongwa munyika yedu. Peter I akarayira pokugadzwa kunyora nemirau akadana basa Russia wokutanga kunyora itsva Code uye Russian shanduro wokumwe pamutemo akadhindwa. Catherine II akaramba mabasa mugadzi. Iye ari kushingaira munyaya basa inozvikudza jurists, vazivi uye vezvematongerwo enyika.

Ndizvo chete nenguva Peter I rokutonga kare dzakabatanidza kutanga nezvokuvapo dzidzo pamutemo kuti zvakaguma dzidzo pamutemo. nevafungi Vakawanda nyika dzokuEurope vakauya Russia kuzvionera zvakagadzirwa pasango mutemo. Adam Smith, mumwe havaoni nzvimbo dzakadai sedzidzo Chirungu, akarohwa ne kumboitika kumhanya okukura mutemo pasi pokudzora Peter I. Munguva yemberi, nzvimbo iyi rakapiwa dzakawanda kutarisirwa.

Nhoroondo zvinorehwa Kujekerwa

Kumativi ose kwouzivi anova yechiitiko chakakosha zvikuru kukura yebudiriro. Education kwakakanganisa zvose zvinobatanidzwa mumagariro uye zvokunamata hupenyu Europe, US uye Russia. Yakanga nekuvongwa iye kuti paiva kuparadzana rokunyika munzanga kubva kuchechi, yose vakawanda mukana wokudzidza, uye miganhu yenyika rakatyorwa.