Kwakavharwa nenyama uye inelastic kudiwa, pfungwa elasticity

Kudiwa - ndiwo uwandu kwenhumbi kana mabasa kuti vatengi vacho vanoda kutenga pane mamiriro mitengo pamusoro nguva. Pakati kudiwa kuti chinhu uye mutengo wawo pane zvinotevera ukama: dzakanga mutengo, vashoma nhamba vatengi achida kutenga nayo - ndiEzekieri. kutsamira anonzi "mutemo kudiwa".

Zvisinei, nezvoupfumi uye vaongorori hakuna kukwana chete kufanotaura nezvainoita nhamba yemabhuku aida kuchinja mamiriro mitengo. Great kukosha ndiwo mwero kuchinja kwakadaro. The simba nako kuchinja kudiwa, zvichienderana siyana zvinhu, anonzi "elasticity kuti kudiwa". Vanoverengeka marudzi akajeka elasticity kwakadaro: mutengo, muchinjikwa uye mari elasticity. Mumwe mufananidzo zviri.

Price elasticity inoratidza sei kudiwa zvinosiyana zvichienderana mutengo nokufamba, uye akaratidza maererano coefficient pamusoro elasticity :

Ed = (ΔQ / Q): (ΔP / P), apo

ΔQ / Q - kushandura uwandu yakatengwa zvinhu,

ΔP / P - kuchinja kukosha chigadzirwa ichi.

Uyewo kuyera elasticity kuti kudiwa rinowanikwa ave chikamu:

Ed =% Q /% P, apo

% Q - kubva muzana kuwedzera kana kudzikisa kudiwa,

% P - kubva muzana kuwedzera kana kudzikisa prices.

reshiyo Izvi zvinoratidza sei kuchinja vade, kana mutengo nenhumbi kuchawedzera kana kuderera 1%.

Cross elasticity, uyewo, unoratidza padanho nedoro kuti kudiwa kwokutanga chigadzirwa, zvichienderana nokufamba iri kukosha mumwe. The yokuita chakarurama izvi sezvinotevera:

BLPH = (ΔQa / in qa): (ΔPb / Pb), apo

ΔQa / in qa - kuchinja kudiwa kwokutanga chigadzirwa uye,%;

ΔPb / Pb - mutengo shanduko rechipiri chigadzirwa B%.

Mari elasticity akafanana elasticity ari mutengo, asi somunhu chinhu nekufemera padanho kudiwa, zvino mari ukoshi.

Ei = (ΔQ / Q): (ΔI / I), sezvamakaropafadzwa

ΔQ / Q - zvachinja nhamba kwenhumbi kutengeswa,

ΔI / I - the hama shanduko padanho mari.

Zvichienderana vakawana coefficient pamusoro elasticity iri kwakataramuka marudzi anotevera:

1. Ed = 0.

Muchiitiko chino, isu zvachose inelastic kudiwa. Zero coefficient ukoshi zvinoreva kuti mutengo nokufamba regai kukanganisa uwandu yakatengwa zvinhu. Kazhinji, zvakakosha mishonga, akadai kubaya.

2. Ed <1.

Kana mutengo iri zvinobva 0 1, zvinoreva inelastic kudiwa. Somugumisiro, mutengo kuwedzera achabudiswa mumatauriro simba okutengesa. Kana zvakasimba anosarudza kuderedza kumahombekombe pamusoro zvinhu pamwe inelastic vade, panzvimbo kutarisirwa kuwedzera rokutengesa nayo vachagamuchira kwemari kuderera. Muenzaniso mishonga pamwe inelastic vade, zvokudya uye zvinokosha hazvo.

3. Ed = 1.

Apo chikwata elasticity mutengo kuchinja hakumbokanganisi uwandu kwemari. Zviri iyi kufadza kukura. Muenzaniso uri kudiwa dzakasiyana-siyana zvokufambisa basa, izvo zvinowanzoita kuti siyana zvakafanana ne kwazvo muchikwidza nokuderedza inzwi fares.

4. Ed> 1.

Kwakavharwa nenyama kudiwa, izvo zvinobva chaizvoizvo pamusoro mutengo nokufamba. Yemakambani kuti kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvakadaro, Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kuderedza mitengo mishonga yavo, nokuti kuchawedzera mari kubva sero.

5. Ed = ∞.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti kwokudiwa chigadzirwa ichi kunoratidzwa Mhedziso kunzwisisa. With yakatsiga mitengo kwenguva nenguva shanduko kwokudiwa zvinhu izvi. Muenzaniso zvinhu zvakadai zvinogona kushanda zvomutambarakede.

On kwakavharwa nenyama uye inelastic charehwa zvinokonzerwa siyana zvinhu. Chinonyanya kukosha ndeinotevera:

• Uwandu Sevamiririri chigadzirwa ichi. Kana chigadzirwa ine zvakawanda Sevamiririri zvakanaka, uye elasticity richava refu;

• mugove chigadzirwa ichi vari mutengi mari. Nedoro Proportional zvakananga: dzakanga kuwanda, dzakanga dziri elasticity;

• kukosha chigadzirwa kuti mutengi - kana nhumbi kana umbozha nhumbi chinhu nezuva chigadzirwa. Chokwadi, kudiwa muumbozha zvinhu zvakawanda kwakavharwa nenyama;

• nguva chinhu. The mutengi ane nguva huru, dzakanga dziri elasticity.