General zvechadenga dzekare uzivi German. Pfungwa huru uye mirayiridzo

General zvechadenga dzekare uzivi German pamazuva edu ichitsvaka chaizvo, nokuti ndizvo - yakasiyana nedzimwe chakajairika mutsika munyika. Hazvina venguva Uzivi German ndiyo nheyo uzivi ano. A remakore ivepo, zvaigoneka kwete chete kuongorora zvinetso zvose, izvo dambudziko vanhu kwemazana emakore, asi chokubatanidza anongoda zvose zviripo panguva kuyerera, kutanga kuzviitira idealism uye irrationalism kupedza uye vanhuwo pfuma. General zvechadenga dzekare uzivi German kunobva mazita nyika yakakurumbira zvakadaro Kant, Marx, Hegel, Fichte, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Shona nevamwe.

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) - muvambi uzivi German dzenhoroondo. Iye avasarudzira imwe echimurenga tsanangudzo nezvekwakabva zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, iyo yakavakirwa mitemo Newton raMwari (pamusoro pauri particulate nyaya iri muchimiro kutenderera nebula). Uyezve, ndeye dzidziso nokuvapo papi cognition, uyewo unavailability munhu kunzwisisa yomukati musimboti mananara uye zvinhu. Kant Akaisa mberi dzidziso Mapato uye akagadzira mutemo wetsika. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ndiye wokutanga zvairatidza "nokusingaperi rugare" mune ramangwana, hwuchavapano pasi uneconomical hondo uye nomutemo. Immanuel Kant - zita, pasina iro mukuru zvechadenga German uzivi dzenhoroondo zvaisazobvira.

Mumwe muzivi - Georg Hegel - yakabatsira kupembedza pfungwa pamusoro chinangwa idealism, yakanga yakajairika zvikuru mune dzimwe nyika dzokuMadokero. Akazviita nokuda dzidziso yakakwana pfungwa (mhaka zvose vokutanga, zvinhu nyika yedu, riri, zvisinei pfungwa). Hegel ndiye wokutanga otozhestvil kufunga uye kuva.

Asi korona chaiye basa rake raiva kukura dialectics - dzidziso dzinokosha uye mitemo nokudenga kukura.

Added pfungwa Hegel Johann Fichte (1762-1814). Maererano naye, chete uye chikuru chokwadi kuti munhu iye, pfungwa dzake uye nemanzwiro.

Ideas uye dzidziso idzi vazivi matatu vakazoroorwa kakawanda vaisanganisa uye nani nevamwe, pachangu, uye mukuru maitiro dzekare uzivi German.

Somuenzaniso, Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872), uyo mabasa aibva yakazotevera kumwedzi, uye vakatsoropodza idealism akatsvaka kudonongodza yakarongeka uye coherent zvinhu maonero enyika. Feuerbach aiva wepachokwadi kuna Mwari, uye saka kutsvaka kuva artificiality yaMwari uye kuchinjwa kwaro mufananidzo hadzisi kuzadzika dzevanhu zvinangwa.

Zvinoitwa uzivi German dzenhoroondo - ndiko kunonyanya ari kutonga pakati idealist chinzvimbo. Ndokusaka ano Uzivi vakawanda pfungwa pamusoro penyaya, kwete chinhu. Chimwe chinokosha dzidziso dzouzivi aiva pantheism - Kurambwa mufananidzo waMwari somunhu yoga munhu, akafanana nomunhu, uye equating Mwari zvose zvakasikwa, kutotenda kubatana zvose upenyu uye utsvene zvakasikwa.

German Uzivi chekare, neimwewo tsika iyo zvino yava nyaya zvatakurukura, zviri pamusoro izvo uzivi zvose ano hwaro hwakasimba.