Al-Farabi: Biography. Uzivi rokumabvazuva anofunga

Ancient Arab nyanzvi, uyo akasiya musayenzi uye zvakasikwa nhaka huru, airemekedzwa munyika yanhasi. Zvichida vamwe maonero avo uye pfungwa sokuti zvisingachashandi nhasi, asi pane imwe nguva vakatumira vanhu kurutivi sayenzi dzidzo. Mumwe wenyanzvi makuru aya akanga Al-Farabi. Biography ake ane yakatangira muguta Farab (nharaunda vemazuva Kazakhstan) muna 872.

Upenyu muzivi zvikuru

Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad Ibn Tarhan ibn Uzlag, anozivikanwa munyika sezvo Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, akararama upenyu hurefu, achisiya dzakawanda mabasa pauzivi, masvomhu, nezvenyeredzi, mumhanzi uye musayenzi.

Vomunguva akadana mudzidzisi wechipiri mukuru womunhu, zvichireva kuti Aristotle ndiye wokutanga. Biography Al-Farabi anopa mashoko zvishomanana, sezvo upenyu musayendisiti hapana akateerera ichi, uye mashoko ose iripo dzakatorwa Zvishoma nezvishoma pashure vaviri emakore pashure pokufa kwake.

Zvinonzi anozivikanwa:

• Akanga akaberekerwa Farab muna 870 (vamwe vanoti 872 g). Zvikuru guta guru raiva pedyo nzvimbo Ishe DARYA uye Arys zvakabatana. Gare gare guta Yakazopiwa zita rokuti muna Otrar, uye nhasi matongo ayo anogona kuonekwa kumaodzanyemba kweKazakhstan muna Otrar muruwa.
• Baba muzivi ramangwana uye nyanzvi zvairemekedzwa muchiuto mutungamiri wemhuri Turkic yekare.
• Ndichiri mukomana, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, ane Biography yakanyarara pamusoro wake muduku makore vaitambira kure evanhu zviitiko uye aipedza nguva yakawanda kudzidza mabasa Aristotle uye Plato.
• Kwekanguva akagara Bukhara, Samarkand uye Shash, apo iye akadzidza uye aishanda panguva imwe chete.
• Pedzisa paumbwe Al-Farabi (Biography anotiudza nezvazvo muudzame) akasarudza muna Baghdad. Panguva iyoyo raiva guta guru reArab Caliphate uye zvikuru tsika uye zvesayenzi pakati.
• Paaienda Baghdad, musayendisiti muduku, ane mwero zivo panguva anganzi Encyclopedic uye vakashanyira maguta akadai Isfahan, Hamadan uye Ray (Tehran ano).
• Patakasvika muguta guru mugore 908, Al-Farabi (Biography haapi kunyatsoenderana Data) kudzidza pfungwa, mushonga, sainzi, Greek, asi chii chaizvo vadzidzisi USINGAZIKAMWI.
• Agara Baghdad makore 932 okuberekwa, akasiyira uye akava nechekare musayendisiti akakurumbira.

Life muDhamasiko uye mukurumbira dzakawanda

Kutama yaiva riwedzere nokuda pakuzadzisa kwouzivi uye kwesayenzi netarenda musayendisiti, asi upenyu hwake pachake panguva iyoyo anenge hapana anozivikanwa.

• Muna 941, muzivi vakatamira kuDhamasiko, apo pasina munhu aiziva chinhu nezvazvo. Makore okutanga muguta rino vakanga zvakaoma nokuti aifanira kushanda mubindu, uye usiku kunyora akadhindwa ake makuru.
• Panguva iyoyo, Abu Nasir Al-Farabi (Biography hariratidzi chaiyo misi) vakashanyira kuSiria, apo aiva vaichengetedza pakati Sayf al-Dawla Ali Hamdani, uyo akabatsira masayendisiti akawanda uye vemifananidzo nguva.
• Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 949, musayendisiti aiva muIjipiti.
• Pane shanduro mbiri sei akafa muzivi kukuru. Vamwe mabhuku vanoti kuti akafa zvoga aine makore 80, musi mumwe - akarohwa akaurayiwa achienda Askalan.

Akadaro aiva noupenyu Abu Nasr al-Farabi, pfupi Biography usingabereki zvakaitika zvawo ukuru hwake hazvigoni pamusoro basa rake.

The nesayenzi kusvika kudzidzisa

Saka yakanga akaronga pfungwa Al-Farabi (Biography hariudzi nezvazvo) kuti aigona kufukidza zvinoverengeka tsvakurudzo nzvimbo kudzidza uye kukura. Ainyatsoziva zhinji kuzivikanwa panguva yeMiddle Ages uye sayenzi mune vose vakabudirira.

Basa rake yakatanga kudzidza mabasa vakachenjera zvikuru muchiGiriki. Kupa Mashoko pamusoro pavo, akaedza kufunga mumutauro nyore kuti vanhu vakasiyana-siyana. Dzimwe nguva, nokuti ichi aifanira kutaura izvi zvose nemashoko ako pachako. Imwe nzira nesayenzi, iro rinoshandiswa Al-Farabi - kuongorora of akadhindwa makuru kare ine zvakawanda pfupiso mukati dzavo. Ndezvipi zvinogona pakutsvaga Manyoro apo musayendisiti Arabic kusiya zvinyorwa zvavo, izvo zvinogona nehasha kukamurwa zvitatu mhando:

• Dzakareba komendari, iyo inobva mutsara yekare somuzivi ane zvakawanda tsanangudzo izvo munyori aida kutaura. basa iri rakanga raitwa pamwe chitsauko chimwe nechimwe kana Chikamu bhuku.
• Middle anoti, izvo vakatorwa chete kutongerwa yokutanga chepakutanga, uye vose ndiyo tsanangudzo Al-Farabi. Biography of musayendisiti asingadi kutaura musimboti basa iri.
• Kutsanangura muchidimbu anganzi mharidzo mabasa ekare ari ake pachake. Muchiitiko chino, Al-Farabi aigona chokubatanidza mabasa akawanda naAristotle Plato, kuratidza vadzidzi zvinoreva uzivi hwavo.

Chidzidzo netsanangudzo mabasa aya kwete chete kusimudzira navo dzakafara negurumwandira revanhu, asi dzinotungamirirawo vakafunga nyanzvi Arab kuti mimwe kunyatsofunga mibvunzo iyi youzivi.

Mupiro kukura nesayenzi

Nemhaka Al-Farabi Kazakh National University akatanga itsva mirayiridzo okukura ounyanzvi uye sayenzi nguva. Vaizivikanwa basa rake anoranga sezvo uzivi, mumhanzi, nezvenyeredzi, masvomhu, pfungwa, sayenzi dzinongoitika, philology uye vamwe vakadai. mabasa ake nesayenzi akafurira Ages nyanzvi dzakadai Ibn Sina, Ibn Baja, Ibn Rushd nevamwe. Pari, pane vanenge 130 mabasa musayendisiti, uye iye ndiye ane sangano uye pokugadzwa raibhurari iri Otrar.

Biography pamusoro Al-Farabi Kazakh National University mu Russian inoratidza kuti akakwanisa kudzidza uye vataure anenge ose mabasa Aristotle, uyewo vakachenjera akadai Ptolemy ( "Almagest"), Alexander Afrodeziysky ( "On Mweya") uye Euclid ( "Geometry)". Kunyange zvazvo echiGiriki akadhindwa vekare kukanganiswa pave kwouzivi uye kwesayenzi kufunga Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, ruzhinji mabasa ake - Kutsvakurudza ake uchenjeri uye ruzivo.

Kwouzivi kwema ari Al-Farabi

basa rose esayenzi nyanzvi Arab inogona rakakamurwa marudzi akawanda:

• General mabasa ouzivi vakanga vakazvipira mitemo zvakasikwa, zvivako zvavo uye mhando.
• Zvekufamba, iyo akabata chokuita basa dzevanhu uye nzira nokuziva nyika.
• Akadhindwa panyaya, kudzidza zvivako zvayo, uyewo mapoka akadai nguva uye nzvimbo. Izvi zvinosanganisira basa masvomhu, geometry uye zvenyeredzi.
• Vakasarudzwa mabasa (Biography Al-Farabi nezvayo) vakazvipira kuna mhando uye zvivako zvakasikwa uye mitemo yayo. Izvi zvinosanganisira basa iri basa vanhu zvipenyu, wefizikisi, kemisitiri, mushonga uye optics.
• Special pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna musayendisiti achidzidza socio-zvematongerwe enyika, nyaya dzetsika uye dzidzo, dzidzo, utungamiriri uye magariro.

Kwemakore ake 80 youpenyu Al-Farabi andisiya nhaka huru iri mberi nguva yaro muzvinhu zvakawanda. It haana kurega kuva akakodzera uye kunoshanda munguva yedu.

Hwaro upenyu maererano nedzidziso Al-Farabi

The musayendisiti mukuru nheyo uzivi ano, maererano iyo nezvose huripo munyika rakakamurwa 6 matanho, dzaibatanidzwa mhaka-zvazviri ukama:

• Danho rokutanga - ndiko kunokonzera chitarisiko zvose, nei uye uyo akanga akaronga.
• Wechipiri - chete kuonekwa.
• Danho rechitatu - rinoshanda uye ari mupfungwa kukura.
• Wechina - mweya.
• Danho wechishanu - mufananidzo.
• Wechitanhatu - basa.

Matanho aya ndiwo hwaro zvose runopoteredza munhu uye musayendisiti rinokamukana vave 2 mhando:

• Zvinhu uye mamiriro yaakakudanirai "zvichida aunze", nekuti hunhu hwavo haisi nguva dzose kukonzerwa kudiwa chokuvapo kwavo.
• Chechipiri, nekusiyana, nguva dzose dziripo voga uye vanonzi "zvakakodzera kuti aunze."

Mudzi zvose al-Farabi (pfupi Biography uye kujairirana nemabasa ake anoratidza izvi) wakadamwa naMwari sezvo chete iye yokusafa wholeness uye kusiyana, nepo vamwe vane matanho akawanda.

Chikonzero chechipiri - ndiye chidzoke Mapuraneti nezvimwe miviri yokudenga, iyo pachisikirwo kwavo zvakasiyana pano siyana. Danho iri Al-Farabi rechitatu kunotsanangurwa kuti yepasi pose njere kuti hanya nemhuka uye anoedza kuunza nyika kukukwana.

3 matanho chokuita yedu nyika, uye musayendisiti wakapa zvikuru akateerera. Yaakaparadzanisa mabasa aMwari kubva chii chiri kuitika zvinhu munyika, nokudaro vakaomerwa kupindira kwayo hwevanhu, achivapa rusununguko kuda. Akakwanisa kubvuma simba yacho, achimupa nokusingaperi.

The ukama chimiro uye nyaya

A yakawanda kuteerera inobhadharwa zvedzidzo ukama chimiro uye nyaya. Somuenzaniso, anopa dudziro chimiro sezvo kuvimbika marongerwo uye nyaya - sezvo unhu uye hwaro zvose. Ndiye akataura kuti chimiro anogona chete zviripo Vongai pamberi peshoko uye haagoni kuva kunze muviri. Basa, Iyewo - ndiye substrate, zvinofanira zadzwai kugutsikana (fomu). Ichi nyanzvi huru akanyora mubasa rake "On yacho uye chimiro" uye "bhuku iri maonero vagari zvakanaka guta."

Mwari

Ukama naMwari panguva Al-Farabi aiva pane sayenzi pane zvechitendero. Vateveri Vazhinji dzidziso, uye ipapo Arab vatungamiriri vezvitendero, vakati kuti aiva muMuslim wechokwadi, chtivshim netsika Islam. Asi mabasa akachenjera kuti akaedza pakuziva Mwari uye regai tinongoita tenda mazviri.

Ndosaka vakadzidza ichi chechetere akavigwa pasina kutora chikamu nevafundisi mudungwe. Too ushingi vaiva Al-Farabi mashoko nemamiriro enyika uye zvose.

Dzidziso yakanaka guta-mamiriro

A yakawanda pfungwa inobhadharwa nesayenzi zvoupenyu, kufanana mufaro, tsika, hondo uye mutemo wehurumende. Navo akatsaurira mabasa akadai:

• "Bhuku iri mufaro";
• "Nzira Mufaro";
• "Bhuku iri hondo uye norugare";
• "Bhuku iri maonero vagari zvakanaka guta";
• "Civil Politics";
• "Bhuku riri kudzidzwa kwenzanga";
• "The zvakanaka tsika."

Vose sei zvakadaro kukosha munguva noutsinye zvoMutemo Middle Ages, sezvo rudo muvakidzani wake, unzenza hondo uye vanhu chido mufaro.

Kana sangana mabasa aya, zvinokwanisika kuti tigumise izvozvo kubva muuzivi munyori, vanhu vanofanira kurarama munyika kunaka uye nokururamisira, kuvavarira kuti kukura pakunamata uye dzidzo nesayenzi. Akauya naye muguta iro basa iri achitungamirirwa vakachenjera uye vazivi, uye vagari vayo zvakanaka uye mhosva zvakaipa. Mukusiyana, akakodzera muvanhu, munyori anorondedzera guta, hunotongwa godo, kuda pfuma uye kushaya zvokunamata. Nokuti nguva yaro zvakanga zvikuru akashinga enyika uye tsika maonero.

About mumhanzi

Kuva chipo zvose, al-Farabi (Biography mutauro Kazakh inosimbisa izvi) ndaipedza nguva yakawanda musicology. Saka, akapa pfungwa zvenziyo ruzha, tsanangura hunhu hwavo uye akadzidza mamwe Mapato uye zvemamiriro chero mumhanzi inovakwa.

It vakauya pakutsvakurudza uye kunyora nziyo kuvandudza. Akatanga vamwe vanhu nenziyo of East, achisiya maturakiti "Shoko mumhanzi" uye "Pazuva kupatsanura pakati mutinhimira." Kusiyana kuchikoro ari Pythagoreans, iro kunzwa haana kukosha kusiyanisa mitinhimira, asi kunyanya kukarukureta ndivo Al-Farabi vaidavira kuti akanga makuhwa rakanzi chaunoti ruzha nokubatanidza navo zviwirirane.

Dzidziso ruzivo

Chimwe chinokosha zvebasa mabasa musayendisiti ndiko kuongorora kuva muchikwata akadai muchimiro pfungwa uye cognition. Anoti, apo paiva ruzivo pamusoro ukama hwavo chokwadi sei munhu anoona chokwadi. Somuenzaniso, yezvakaita Al-Farabi Kazakh National University akabata chinhu kudzidza, sezvo vose ruzivo vanhu kuwana kunze, takatarisa nyika kuenda. Achifananidza akasiyana zvivako zvinhu uye mananara, kubvunza, munhu, anowana njere.

Ndizvo sei sayenzi zvakatungamirira vanhu pakunzwisisa zvakadzama munyika yakatipoteredza. Anotaura nezve mweya wemunhu simba, iyo umhare pfungwa dzake, kuti vanhu kuonesesa munhuhwi, kusiyanisa mavara uye kunzwa zvakasiyana siyana nepfungwa. Ichi chinhu chinokosha kwazvo kugutsikana nemabasa, kusanganisira "Panobva uchenjeri" apo munyori anoongorora Mapato dzakadai nezvausingadi, uyewo avo zvinokonzera.

Musoro sezvo rudzi ruzivo

The musayendisiti akateerera zvikuru sayenzi iyi sezvo pfungwa. Aiona chaivo kwepfungwa, kuvapo izvo zvakabatsira vanhu kutonga chokwadi uye vanoti nayo experimentally. Kufunga Unyanzvi Al-Farabi Kazakh National University - ndiko kugona zviparadzanise wenhema kubva Mapato vechokwadi achishandisa uchapupu kuti wakange asina zvachose zvakafanana nezvaiitwa vamwe nedzidziso zvitendero.

Masayendisiti East uye dzimwe nyika akatsigira basa rake "Mhinzo Musoro" uye "okusuma bhuku iri zvisingarambiki." Musoro - ibhuku naro vanhu vanogona kuwana zivo chokwadi. Saka akafunga kuti musayendisiti mukuru.

Kuyeukwa musayendisiti mukuru

Mazuvano, kwete Arabic chete, asiwo nyika yose kwesayenzi anokudza kuyeuka murume uyu mukuru. Somuenzaniso, pane Al-Farabi Kazakh Biography chose kuna mumigwagwa mumaguta uye mumayunivhesiti dzinopiwa mazita. In Almaty, Turkestan uye zvivako kuti, uye muna 1975 raiva yainyanya rakakurumbira-gore 1100 gore Al-Farabi akaberekwa. Biography (kazaksha) hakurevi zvinoparadzira zvose noukuru murume uyu uchenjeri.