The Absolute Idea of Hegel

Kubudirira kwetsika pashure pokunge Kant yasvika kune apogee mumabasa aGeorg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, uyo akadzika pasi munhau, ari muvaki wenzira yakapararira uye yakavhiringidzika ye dialectic yekufunga.

"Absolute Idea" yeHegel

Kudana pfungwa yefilosofi "chirevo chakakwana", G. Hegel akataura kuti zvikamu zviri zvimi zvechokwadi chaiyo zvinobva "mupfungwa yenyika", "pfungwa yakakwana", neimwe nzira- "mweya wenyika".

Zvinopera kuti "pfungwa yakakwana" chimwe chinhu chinopa kukurudzira kuitika nekushanduka kwezvinhu zvepanyama uye zvemweya, inoshanda. Uye zvakakosha kuti munhu anzwisise "pfungwa yakakwana" kuburikidza nekufungisisa. Ichi chitima chepfungwa chinosanganisira matanho matatu.

Nzvimbo yekutanga

Pano pfungwa yakakwana, kuva pfungwa imwe chete iyo yakanga iripo isati yasarudzwa yechinyorwa uye chinangwa, yakagadzirirwa sechirevo chekucherechedza mumutemo. Nokudaro, inoratidzwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwehukama hunobatana uye hunokonzera.

Mune mazano ake efilosofi Hegel akaparadzanisa manzwiro ezvidzidziso zvitatu: pamusoro pekuve, pamusoro pezvakakosha uye pamusoro peshoko. Kutanga kwedzidziso yake ndiko kuenzana kwekufunga uye kuva, kana, mune mamwe mazwi, maonero enyika yezvokwadi sechiito chinooneka chemweya weChirevo. Pakutanga, pfungwa yakakwana yakanga isingazivikanwi yekuve. Zvino pfungwa iyi ye "kuchena" yakange yakazadzwa nehutu hwekrete: pakutanga, kuve yakagadzwa sechinhu chisingaverengeki, saka chakatsanangurwa seicho, saka pane imwe munhu yakaumbwa, nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Nenzira iyi G. Hegel anofamba kubva pakunzwisisa kweku-chinhu chinoshamisa-kune chinangwa chake, uye zvino anowana pfungwa. Mukuwedzera, panguva yekuumbwa kwemhedziso yakakwana, Hegel anotsanangura huwandu hwemashoko ezvinyorwa.

Chikamu chechipiri

Pachikamu chechipiri chekuumbwa kwechirevo chechirevo chakakwana, kubviswa kwaro muchikamu chechisikigo, kubvisa kune zvisikwa kunoitika. Izvo zvinotevera kubva pane izvi kuti Hegel inogadzira zvigadziro zvehuzivi hwepanyama. Kwaari, zvisikwa zvinongoratidzirwa kunze, kuratidzwa kwepfungwa, asi kufambira mberi kuzvimiririra kwezvikamu zve logic.

Chikamu chechitatu

Mudzidzisi anosiyanisa zvidimbu zvitatu zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa: maitiro, chemism, mhuka, pakati paanoona humwe hukama. Ukama uhwu huchazova chikonzero chekudzidza kupindirana kwezvikamu zvehupenyu nehupenyu. Saka, muHegel, ruzivo rwemweya rwakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvitatu: dzidziso yemweya unozviisa pasi, unosanganisira sciences of man; Dzidziso yemweya wechinangwa, iyo inosanganisira kudzidza kwezvinetso zvetsika, nhoroondo, mutemo; Dzidziso yemhepo yakakwana, iyo inozviratidza pachedu munharaunda yehupenyu hwehupenyu (chitendero, uzivi, unyanzvi).

Nokudaro, maererano naHegel, kushanduka kwemafungiro akazara kunopinda mudenderedzwa, uye zvakaenzana nekufambira mberi kwezvinhu zvenyika, izvo zvinogadzirwa zvakananga zveyi pfungwa. Hegel akatungamirira kumhedziso yokuti kuguma kwechirevo ichi chakanaka (kana ichizviziva pachavo uye nzira yacho) ndiko kugadzirwa kwemhepo yakakwana. Iyi ndiyo nzira chaiyo yeHegel's philosophy.

Kubva panguva iyoyo, kufambira mberi kwemanzwiro akazara kwave kuri kuwedzera mukugadzirisa kurongeka uye kuwana chikwata chepachiyero, kuchimisa kushanduka kwemafungiro, kuchipa mhosva kumusangano unogara uchiita mudenderedzwa, usina kufambiswa. Nokudaro zvinopera kuti pfungwa yaHegel iri pedo nechinangwa chakanaka, sezvo iri pfungwa ye "pfungwa yakakwana", kuva pfungwa yakachena, iyo inoita chimiro nemunhu. Somugumisiro, triad yakaumbwa pamusoro pechirevo cheHegel's philosophy yakavakwa: tsananguro ishanduro-synthesis, iyo inoita kuti igare yakarurama. Mushure mezvose, zvikamu zvepfungwa iyi hazvirevi zvisizvo, asi zvinogadzirwa mumwe nomumwe. Kuvimbika kwakadaro kwehurongwa kunopesana nemutemo wayo mukuru - mutemo wekufambira mberi.

Mhedziso

Pfungwa isinganzwisisiki sezwi rinoratidzika sedakakosha kwefirosofi yose yeHegel, kuratidza kuzadza kwakakwana kwezvinhu, nyika iripo, apo iri iri nyika iripo zvechokwadi. Ndiyowo nyaya yeHegel's philosophy.

Sezvo pfungwa huru yeongororo yaHegel, pfungwa yakakwana yakakamurwa kuva mativi matatu:

• Chinhu chiduku (chakaratidzwa mukutanga kwekutanga);
• Kushanda (kwakaratidzwa muchikamu chechipiri);
• "Kuzviziva" (zvakaratidzwa muchitatu chechitatu).

Kuva runyoro urongwa hune kungova yechokwadi chaiyo, pfungwa yakakwana inofanirawo kuva "ye--iyo-yakabatana kubatana," kuratidzwa munzvimbo yezvakasikwa nemweya. Mhuri (pfungwa inonzwisisika - masikirwo-mudzimu) inomiridzi wepfungwa yemhedziso yakakwana, iyo inowanikwa kuburikidza nekurwisana kwe "imwe" uye "pachayo" uye "kubviswa" kunotevera nekusvika kubatana pamwe chete. Nokudaro, pfungwa yakakwana yeHegel ndiyo pfungwa yekuvapo, yakatsanangurirwa kwete nekutaura chete, asiwo nekugadziriswa nemamiriro ekutenderera kwechokwadi.