Landscape rokupenda. Russian nzvimbo painter

Kubva kare kare, vanhu vagara kuyemurwa zvisikwa. Vakaratidza rudo rwavo nokuda inoratidza nayo panguva dzakasiyana-siyana mosaics, Bhanabhasi-reliefs uye mifananidzo. vemifananidzo zhinji wakapedzera dzavo okugadzira zvinhu kupenda nharaunda. The mifananidzo, izvo zvinomiririra dondo, gungwa, makomo, nzizi, minda, zvechokwadi inonakidza. Uye unofanira kuremekedza vatenzi makuru hunonyatsodonongodza saka, mavara uye mupfungwa akapfuura mumabasa ake nokunaka uye simba zvenyika yakatipoteredza. Yaiva nzvimbo rokupenda uye nhoroondo dzeupenyu hwavo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino. Nhasi tichataura pamusoro basa Painters guru dzakasiyana.

Rinozivikanwa nzvimbo painter of XVII remakore

Muzana XVII remakore akararama vazhinji matarenda vanosarudza chinoreva kunaka hunhu. Chimwe chezvinhu nomukurumbira vari Klod Lorren uye Jacob van Ruisdael Isaka. Navo isu uchatanga nyaya yedu.

Klod Lorren

Artist French Claude Lorrain nzvimbo ichaongororwa muvambi classicism kumwedzi. Mifananidzo yake zvemariro rinobvumirana uye akakwana sezvamunoita. A pachena kuchiitwa zvigadzirwa K. Lorrain aiva nemano flawlessly zvinoparadzira chezuva, mumapapiro aro zvinoratidzwa mumvura , uye zvichingodaro. D.

Pasinei nokuti Maestro akazvarwa France, akawanda hwake aakapedza ari Italy, iye apo akanga aenda paaiva nemakore 13 chete okuberekwa. Kumba, akadzokera kamwe chete, uye ipapo kwemakore maviri.

Mabasa inozivikanwa kwazvo C. Lorrain ndivo mufananidzo "View of Roman Forum" uye "Port View kubva Capitol." Munguva yedu, vanogona kuonekwa Louvre.

Jacob van Ruisdael Isaac

Jacob van Ruisdael - mumiririri realism - akaberekwa muNetherlands. Munzendo dzake muNetherlands uye Germany, yokudhirowa akanyora chinozikamwa mabasa mazhinji, ayo achishandisa Kusiyana kwakaita pasi, mavara kunoshamisa uye pasava noushamwari inozivikanwa. Mumwe muenzaniso unoshamisa mifananidzo yakadaro anogona kunzi "European kumakuva."

Zvisinei, nyanzvi yokudhirowa basa haana kungogumira kwakakwidibira mifananidzo - iye ichifananidzwa nemaruwa nharaunda. Yakakurumbira basa kuonekwa "mumusha Maonero Egmond," uye "Landscape nemvura-chigayo."

XVIII remakore

Nokuti mufananidzo pamusoro XVIII remakore kunoratidzwa yakawanda dzinonakidza features, iyi yaiva kutanga mirayiridzo idzva akati muchimiro ounyanzvi. Venetian nzvimbo painter Somuenzaniso, kushanda munzvimbo dzakadai nzvimbo marudzi (rimwe zita - vedutny) uye mapurani (kana guta). A vedutny landscape, akavapindurawo, dziya kupinda yakarurama uye zvakazonaka. A mumiririri akakurumbira tarenda Veduta ndiye Francesco Guardi. fungidziro yake uye unyanzvi ndiwo anovengwa kunyange ano nzvimbo rokupenda.

Francesco Guardi

Pasina chaakasiya mabasa ake ose chinozikamwa kuti maonero yakarurama zvakakwana, chakanakisisa ruvara kubereka. Nharaunda vane imwe mashiripiti chikumbiro, vari hazvitomboiti kuti kubvarura meso ake kure.

The kupfuura inofadza mabasa ake anogona kunzi mifananidzo "mutambo chikepe Doge" bucentaur "," Gondola iri the lagoon "," chivanze Venetian "uye" Rio Dei Mendicanti ". All emifananidzo ake maonero Venice.

Uilyam Terner

Artist Iri mumiririri romanticism.

A pachena chinoratidza emifananidzo vake kushandisa vakawanda noruvara tsvuku. Kuti yeyero palette uye akava guru mumabasa ake. Tenzi akatsanangura chokuti vakaparara izvi chaivabatsira zuva uye kuchena, iyo aida kuona mumifananidzo.

Yakanaka kwazvo uye dzevakawanda basa Turner ndiye "Gesperidsky Garden" - tarenda yakanaka.

Ivan Aivazovsky Ivan Shishkin

Varume vaviri ava - zvechokwadi mukuru uye dzakakurumbira Russian nzvimbo rokupenda. First - Ivan Konstantinovich Ayvazovsky - Iye anoratidzwa mune mifananidzo yake hukuru. gungwa. Bope pakati okunze, kudirana mafungu, mwaya furo, kurovanya pamusoro kurutivi chikepe lurched, kana kunyarara, akanyorova nzvimbo, yakavhenekerwa panovira zuva - seascapes rinofadza uye katyamadza pamwe Akasununguka dzavo uye runako. Sezvineiwo, zvakadai serakavakwa rokupenda inonzi seascape. Chechipiri - Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin - aifarira anoratidza sango.

Uye Shishkin uye Aivazovsky - serakavakwa painter remakore rechi19. Ngationei kugara pamusoro Biography unhu izvi zvakawanda.

Muna 1817 iye akaberekwa mumwe yakakurumbira zvomumvura Painters zvenyika, Ivan Aivazovsky.

Akaberekwa mumhuri yakapfuma, baba vake aiva muzvinabhizimisi Armenian. Hapana chinoshamisa pakuti yemberi Maestro aiva utera nokuda zvomumvura maatomu akafanana. Uyewo, nzvimbo yechizvarirwo womufananidzo yakava Theodosius - rakanaka chengarava guta.

Muna 1839 Ivan kudzidza St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, kwaakanga adzidza kwemakore matanhatu. On manyorero the artist kwakakonzerwa nemabasa French zvomumvura Painters Karl Werne uye C. Lorrain, uyo akanyora pamatende vake canons of Baroque-Classicism. The yakakurumbira basa I. K. Ayvazovskogo anonzi ari mufananidzo "The Ninth Wave", yakaitwa 1850.

Kunze seascapes, yokudhirowa kukuru akashanda mufananidzo hondo nhoroondo (muenzaniso wakajeka - the mufananidzo "The Battle", 1848), uye chose vazhinji emifananidzo ake dzinotaura zvakaitika kare Armenian (1880 "Visit JG Byron Mkhitarists wemamonk pedyo Venice." g).

Aivazovsky rombo rakanaka kuti vabudirire incredible mukurumbira muupenyu hwake. Vazhinji nzvimbo Painters akava nomukurumbira mune ramangwana, vanoyemurwa basa rake uye akatora muenzaniso wake. Akafa musiki kukuru muna 1990.

Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich akaberekwa muna January 1832 muguta Elabuga. Mhuri akaunzwa Vanya haana akapfuma chaizvo (baba vake aiva mutengesi akapfuma). Muna 1852 Shishkin inotanga zvidzidzo ake panguva Moscow School of Painting, yaachakuitirai kudzidza makore mana gare gare, muna 1856-m. Kunyange mabasa vokutanga Ivan Ivanovich kusiyaniswa zvinoshamisa runako uye ane unyanzvi. Hazvishamisi kuti muna 1865, nokuti kupenda "View pedyo Düsseldorf" I. I. Shishkinu akapiwa zita academician. Asi pashure pemakore masere, akagamuchira musoro muzvinafundo.

Kufanana nevamwe vakawanda nzvimbo Painters, Shishkin kupendwa kubva upenyu, kupedza nguva refu panze, munzvimbo hapana aigona kanganisa.

The inozivikanwa mifananidzo yacho painter makuru "Backwoods" uye "Morning ari Pine Forest", zvakanyorwa muna 1872, uye imwe kwokutanga kupenda "Zvemasikati. Pedyo Moscow "(1869)

upenyu chipo murume yakakanganiswa muchirimo 1898.

Vazhinji Russian nzvimbo painter mune zvakanyorwa pamatende rake yakawanda mashoko uye mavara mavara. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro vamiririri vaviri Russian kupenda.

Alexei Savrasov

Aleksey Kondratevich Savrasov - nzvimbo painter wenyika vakakurumbira. Kuti vaiona muvambi Russian lyrical yakanaka.

Akazvarwa murume kunoshamisa uyu muMoscow muna 1830. Kubvira 1844, Alex akatanga kudzidziswa ake panguva Moscow School of Painting uye Sculpture. Nechekare achiri muduku aikudzwa nokuda dzinokosha matarenda nekwaniso mufananidzo nharaunda. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, nokuti kwezvikonzero mhuri, jaya akamanikidzwa kukanganisa zvidzidzo ake uye kuti atangezve nayo chete pashure pemakore mana.

Kupfuura nomukurumbira uye anodiwa basa Savrasov riri Ichokwadi kuti kupenda "The Rooks Wati Yasvika". It dzaitaurwa anofambira inoratidzirwa muna 1971. No zvishoma kunakidza ndivo mifananidzo I. K. Savrasova "Rye", "nyungudika", "Winter", "Country Road", "Rainbow", "Elk Island". Zvisinei, maererano nevatsoropodzi, hapana mabasa yokudhirowa haaenzanisi pamwe Paaidzidzisa ake "The Rooks Wati Yasvika".

Pasinei chokwadi kuti Savrasov akanyora mifananidzo zhinji dzakanaka uye akanga atova kuzivikanwa sezvo munyori zvinoshamisa mifananidzo kukanganwa nezvazvo kwenguva refu. Uye muna 1897, akafa urombo, wakaora matambudziko emhuri, kufirwa navana uye doro muropa.

Asi chikuru nzvimbo painter Hazvigoni kukanganwika. Yavanogara mifananidzo yake, kubva runako befu, uye izvo tinogona kuyemura nhasi.

Yechipiri yezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore

Nguva iyi kunoratidzwa kuwanda munzvimbo Russian art kunzvimbo dzakadai nevatengi nzvimbo. In tsinga ichi, taishanda dzakawanda Russian nzvimbo Painters, kusanganisira Makovskiy Vladimir Egorovich. No zvishoma inonyatsozivikanwa vemifananidzo nguva vaiva Vasily Polenov, Arseny Meshchersky, uyewo kare akarondedzera Aivazovsky uye Shishkin, ane basa akanga ari pakati-yechipiri yezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore.

Arseny Meshchersky

Aberekwa ichi rinozivikanwa Artist muna 1834 muna Tver province. Education akagamuchira panguva Imperial Academy of Arts, kwaakanga adzidza kwemakore matatu. The chikuru yemisoro yemunyori mifananidzo vava dondo uye muchando nharaunda. The Artist aifarira kudhirowa mune mifananidzo yake, zvinoyevedza pfungwa kuCrimea uye Caucasus, iine vakuru makomo. Muna 1876 akava purofesa nzvimbo kupenda.

Kupfuura kubudirira uye akakurumbira emifananidzo ake anogona kunzi ari mufananidzo "Winter. Aizi "," Maonero Geneva "," Storm Alps "," The Forest Lake, "" Southern Landscape "," mhando muCrimea. "

Kuwedzera Russian hunhu, Meschersky kubudisa kunaka Switzerland. In nyika ino kwechinguva akawana ruzivo kubva tenzi nzvimbo kupenda Calama.

Zvino tenzi Aifarira sepia uye achiita zvokutemera. In izvi nzira, hazvina akasikawo anoshamisa mazhinji.

Mifananidzo mizhinji the artist ichakurukurwa akaratidza panguva kuratidzira vari Russia uye mune dzimwe nyika. Saka vanhu vakawanda nguva kunzwisisa tarenda uye mavambo rokusika munhu. Pictures Arseniya Mescherskogo kuramba kufadza vanhu vazhinji vachifarira unyanzvi, uye kusvikira nhasi.

Makovskiy Vladimir Egorovich

Makovskiy V. E. akaberekwa muMoscow muna 1846. baba vake aiva akakurumbira rokupenda. Vladimir akasarudza kutevera tsoka baba vake uye dzidzo yake zvinoyevedza panguva Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture uye Architecture, uye ipapo vakaenda St. Petersburg.

The kupfuura kubudirira emifananidzo ake vakanga "Waiting. Mujeri, "" The pokuwa kubhengi "," Tsanangudzo "," kugara imba "uye" Spring orgy. " Mabasa kunyanya dzinoratidzira vanhuwo uye nezuva mifananidzo.

Kunze mudzimba nharaunda, tenzi raakanga ava, Makovsky zvakare kupendwa Portraits uye mifananidzo siyana.