Leonid Kravchuk: Biography, mapikicha uye zvinonakidza zvinhu zvoupenyu

Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich (akaberekwa January 10, 1934) Ndiwo wokuUkraine enyika uye wokutanga President rweUkraine, rakanga riri simba kubva December 5, 1991 kusvikira yokurega wake July 19, 1994 aivawo sachigaro Verkhovna Batsirai uye vanhu mutungamiriri kuUkraine, kusarudzwa Social -demokraticheskoy vebato Ukraine (dzakabatana).

The njodzi Western Ukraine - Leonid Kravchuk nyika yokumusha - pakati remakore rapfuura

Apo akatanga basa rake, Leonid Kravchuk? Biography akatanga musha wayo Zhitin Large munzvimbo Rivne munharaunda mumhuri murimi mudiki. Zvino raiva nyika Polish. Mumakore akatevera gumi makore dzavakaberekerwa Leni matatu simba inotonhorera hwachinja. Chokutanga, muna September 1939 pamusana wokusunungurwa danidziro Red Army kumadokero kweUkraine, yakanga yakatora kuna Ukrainian SSR. Zvadaro, muna July 1941 nyika kwemakore matatu akabatwa Nazi Germany. Pakupedzisira, muna mumatsutso 1944, pano akanga shure simba yeSoviet. Asi vakavhura chete masikati uye usiku Western misha Ukrainian dzaiva pasi Nationalist hurumende. Uye ichi akapfuurira kwemakore akawanda.

Fungidzira sei matambudziko aya vose yairatidza chimiro veko, kunyanya vari chizvarwa chevechiduku? Kuti vararame mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, taifanira kudzidza kuvanza pfungwa dzavo, kufunga chimwe chinhu uye muti mumwe, kuvimba nomunhu, hapana kudavira. Naizvozvo akaumba rudzi rwose post-hondo Western wechiduku wokuUkraine, iye ari, uye Leonid Kravchuk.

udiki

Zviitiko hondo zvikuru sei njodzi yedu gamba kumhuri uye pachake. Baba Lenny Makar Kravchuk, aichimbova kumhanya vamabhiza mukuru Polish Army uye Polish mushandi ari colonists, akanzi kupinda Red Army muna 1944 uye, pfupi kuita zvimwe kurwa zvegore, akaisa musoro wake pakati Belarus.

Amai vakadzoka akaroorwa uye pamwe ake vokurera akakwanisa kukura Leonid. Vakagaramo urombo, iye Leonid Kravchuk akayeuka kuti shangu vachifamba kusvikira wokutanga chando. Zvisinei, kushayiwa chete kupomhodzwa zvakaita purezidhendi nezveramangwana.

makore kudzidza

Ndapedza chikoro, Leonid Kravchuk, vakatamira kuguta uye anoenda kuna Rivne Cooperative College. Maererano naye, pamwe chete nevamwe vadzidzi, iye imba yaiva isina Amenities. Zvadaro muna 1953, pashure pokupedza kudzidza kukoreji pamwe kukuru, akakodzera kupinda pasina kuongorora muna Kiev State University panguva rorusununguko Economics.

Study hakuna nyore, kuti bhezari yaiva 24 rubles (kunyange uye kwemasikati vari mudzidzi rokubika arasikirwe 50 masendi!). Kuti vararame, usiku vadzidzi vakaenda tutunura motokari pamwe hove yakagwamba nechando ari hove emhodzi iri pedyo. The mutungamiri ramangwana, Leonid Kravchuk, aigara dhomitari nzvimbo vanhu 12, asi akakwanisa kudzidza "kugonesesa" uye kugamuchira zvakawanda stipend - 30 rubles kare.

Musangano Only hwose

The yunivhesiti Leonid akasangana mudzimai wake ramangwana. Beautiful tetepa sumchanka Tonya Tinsel pakarepo polonium mwoyo wake. Vaiva zvakawanda, vose vakakura pasina vanababa, kudzidza kukoreji pamwe chinokudza vakapinda yunivhesiti pasina kuongorora. Tonya vaitewo Leonid, kubva weboka rokutanga akatanga kutarisira pake, mukicheni ane mudzidzi akanga achibika maviri, uye Leonid vakaedza kuwana perk, pose pazvinokwanisika, kuti vazadze bhajeti ravo.

The nyika akatanga kuchinja kukuru, uye vakabata mune norwizi Kiev vadzidzi. Apo akatanga Kugadzirwa mhandara munyika, kuti Leonid uye Tonya pashure rechitatu kosi akaenda Kostanai Oblast pamusoro Kazakhstan, iye apo akanga ashanda somunhu tarakita mutyairi, vachipedza usiku mutende kuchitonhora kusvikira mukupera kwematsutso. Pano Leonid kutonhora, saka zvakaoma kuti ndafenda uye akapotsa afa. Tonya akamuponesa, uyo akawana motokari uye akatora kufarira muchipatara, apo akapora. Mushure achibva mhandara munyika Leonid uye Tonya vakaroorana. Marriage navo asiwo varipo nguva.

basa yokutanga

Muna 1958, Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich kudzidza KSU uye akanga achiparadzirwa Chernivtsi, apo akaverenga enyika upfumi zvemari kukoreji.

Murombo magariro uye tiri kudzingirirwa Leonid sezvo munyama. We akamuisa vakadzi hostel, chaipo "dzvuku wekona. ' Nokuti vaya vari vaduku uye handizivi kuti chii, tsanangura. Saka nemasangano Soviet inonzi chaiwo (non-dzinogarwa) kwakavakirwa, akashongedzwa zviratidzo Soviet (a bust pakati Lenin, nomureza (kana zvakanga), zvitupa siyana, pennants nezvimwe unhu mararamiro yeSoviet). Nekuti kunyanya haizoperi vari vakadzi singi kana chimbuzi, mudzidzisi muduku akanga mangwanani ose usiku kumhanya vakapoteredza guta mativi pachena restroom kugeza, nokuveura, uye vapemberere dzinongoitika kudiwa. Fun? Just zvakanakisisa zvinosetsa. Asi Leonid akatsungirira kushungurudzwa ichi kwemakore matatu.

pati basa

Pakupedzisira, muna 1960, rimwe enyika wechiduku Economist akaona musangano webato omunharaunda uye hwakatamisirwa Mumba Political Education consultant uye murayiridzi. Izvi zvakateverwa kuchinjirwa kune Unit Chernivtsi Regional Committee of Communist Party. Pano gamba redu akaita webato basa kwemakore anopfuura 7 kwemakore, achifumira kusvikira pambiru mukuru dhipatimendi remunharaunda bato komiti anoparadzirwa.

Next kune dzose nzira Soviet Union zvikuru bato mushandi. First makore matatu akapedza zvidzidzo paChikoro Academy of Social Sciences pasi CPSU Central Committee, ipapo gumi nemasere makore zvishoma nezvishoma pamukwidzwa kuburikidza panhengo reCentral Committee of Communist Party kusvikira musoro dhipatimendi anoparadzirwa of Central Committee, ipapo mukuru wedhipatimendi kuti dzidziso. Kravchuk akava munyori Central Committee uye mumapeji wokuUkraine venhau akadana richengetedzwe kuUkraine muna USSR. Yepamusoro bato rake basa - imwe nhengo iri Politburo uye pambiru munyori Communist Party pakati Ukrainian rechipiri.

Sezvo Kravchuk akava sachigaro Verkhovna Batsirai

Pashure ndatomboenda pamudyandigere muna 1989, komuredhi Brezhnev Vladimir Shcherbytskyi Ukrainian Communist Party inotungamirirwa chizvarwa Poltava Vladimir Iwashko akaita bato basa iri Kharkiv mudunhu. Muna 1990, Ukraine vakabata sarudzo dzeparamende. Iwashko akasarudzwa kuva mutungamiriri Kiev. Sezvo vakawanda wevatariri vaiva vaKomonisiti, zviri zvikuru zvakasikwa kuti sachigaro Paramende muna June 1990, ivo kusarudzwa musoro mubato, kureva, Iwashko. Pashure paizvozvo, mumweya nguva, vakasarudza musoro itsva Communist Party pakati S. Hurenko kuitira kuti musoro paramende uye vaitungamirira mauto enyika haana chete munhu.

A Mutevedzeri kubva Communist Party, akasarudzwa Kravchuk uye Leonid Kravchuk. Biography ake aigona zvakanaka zvirege kukasawedzerwa nevamwe zviitiko zvinoshamisa, kana Iwashko kuti mwedzi haana kupara chinouraya noupenzi, kutamba kusarudza basa hwake uye remangwana gamba redu. Chokwadi ndechokuti panguva President of USSR Mikhail Gorbachev, uye pamwe chete, uye munyori mukuru All-Union Communist Party, vachitsvaka nzira yavangabata bato ravo mabasa, achida kuzviratidza pamberi vatungamiriri Western (waakanga pandaifunga pachena) bedzi muchimiro ehurumende, uye kwete yechiKomonisiti mutungamiri. Naizvozvo akauya aine chinzvimbo mutsva webato - wokutanga nemutevedzeri munyori mukuru - uye akakoka Iwashko wake naro tarisiro yakajeka kuva inotevera munyori mukuru webato pasi abolition ari hegemony Soviet Union. Iwashko pachena kwete "prointuichil", iro anotakura pangozi kugadzwa kwakadaro, akaramba Verkhovna Batsirai sachigaro kuposita uye akaenda Moscow.

Chiito chake kwakamutsa kushatirwa wevatariri. First Munyori wokuUkraine Communist Party Hurenko kuna shama pambiru munyori Central Committee of Communist Party rweUkraine Kravchuk rechipiri. zvakajeka mufananidzo wake aiva nzwisisa. Kudivi rimwe, aiva mushandi Bato dzechokwadi aifarira nokukurumidza-pfungwa wevatariri, Ukuwo - zvemo yokumadokero Ukrainians, izvo, maererano navabati venyika nationalist, yaiva vimbiso yayo rusununguko kubva Moscow kwakaita mitemo. Chokwadi pamusoro mamiriro rusununguko rweUkraine kana pasina munhu akataura zvinonzwika.

July 23, 1990 Kravchuk akava sachigaro Supreme Soviet of Ukrainian SSR, izvo zvinoreva kuti aizviti musoro zvokuvhoterwa.

Sachigaro paramende - wenyika

Ndiani zvino anoyeuka yakaoma nguva pashure zvose vicissitudes ose 25 adarika? Zvadaro, pamwechete pakunamata kuti Gorbachev nokushingaira akakurukura pfungwa itsva mubatanidzwa chibvumirano pakati chinoda kuitika Soviet Union. Vanotsigira nzira iyi rinoitwa uye Kravchuk kusiyana nationalist mutungamiri V. Chornovil, mutungamiriri kufamba "People reMovement", iyo inonzi pachena kuti napanobudiwa napo kuUkraine kubva Soviet Union.

Kunyange pashure kupambwa simba munyika kubva kubvuta masimba kubvuta masimba muna August 1991, akaramba kudana nokuda zvaidiwa pasi Central kuzviremera zvehurumende. Saka, pane musangano Verkhovna Batsirai yaAugust 19 Kravchuk akati: "Muna Ukraine, mauto atonge haina akapinda. Saka, tinofanira kuramba kuita mabasa avo enguva dzose saizvozvo. "

Uye chete musi waAugust 24, apo nhengo Emergency Committee vaitova mujeri apo Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, kutaura vevatariri Supreme Council, akanga pachena tichireverwa zvakaipa navo, uye Boris Yeltsin pamusoro pakagadzirwa nematanda pamusangano chete zvakarurama, akasaina chirevo wairambidza kuti Communist Party - chete utungamiriri pamusoro Verkhovna Batsirai, inotungamirwa Kravchuk pasi nevezera vakawanda vevatariri vakaenda kuti yoUmambo kuvhota ari Declaration pamusoro mamiriro uchangamire yokuUkraine, chakagamuchirwa.

Nokukurumidza Ukrainian Constitution akanga Akave nokuvandudza kusika pambiru President kwayo. Kravchuk akapiwa masimba weNyika, uye nokudaro achiva of facto uye of jure musoro wehurumende. Zvegore, December 5, 1991, vavhoti pamutemo akasarudzwa President rweUkraine wokutanga sarudzo wenyika umo vakakunda Vyacheslav Chornovil pamwe masirogani mumari noushamwari naye Russia, uyewo richengetedzwe rimwe National zvoupfumi mashandiro ari nzvimbo post-Soviet.

Kravchuk utungamiriri

Zvinosuruvarisa hapana kunoparidzwa masirogani pamberi musarudzo, haana kuzadzika. Kunyange zvazvo Kravchuk uye dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro pakusikwa Kishi, asi akaita zvose kuna Verkhovna Batsirai haana tsigira yayo Mutemi. karbovanets - In January 1992, imwe mari itsva wokuUkraine wakatangwa. Izvi zvakakonzera wechisikigo yokumbozorora zvoupfumi ukama vadyidzani ose Ukrainian emakambani muSoviet Union, saka nyika akafukidza chaiye inflationary dutu iri matatu akatevera. Kana pakupera 1991 "SKB Design kushandisa michina" kutungamirira injiniya muhoro (Dnepropetrovsk) inenge 200 rubles Soviet, muna 1994 panguva pambiru CMC "Yuzhvetroenergomash" mukuru nyanzvi, inenge mamiriyoni 2. Karbovancev panenge chete rokutenga simba, kureva, .E. mari romugove munyika yakawedzera kanenge 10,000 nguva.

Enterprises massively kuvharwa, mumigwagwa mumaguta Ukrainian kunge dzikava chinochechenya muzvitoro apo vanhu vakanga vachiedza kutengesa kuti pittance pachavo zvinhu uye zvemumba. Kubva kumba kumusika uye shure vagari kununura nhumbi dziri mavhiri ngoro kuti vanhu nomazvo christened "kravchuchkami". Nyika yava harikunguruswi mugomba rakadzikadzika. In ezvinhu aya, wokuUkraine vepamusoro aenda kushomeka simba President uye Paramende, kupfuura masimba yakawanda ari wehurumende, kusanganisira kodzero kuti ape mitemo yakanga simba mutemo. wehurumende saka-simba zvose zvakanga Leonid Kuchma. Chokwadi, kuti pakati pake uye President ane kurwisana, zvakazoita wokutanga mukuru basa mukupera 1993, uye ipapo, pamwe kutsigirwa vepamusoro kumabvazuva Ukraine, wakaita pamusoro zvinoshamisa sarudzo wenyika umo vakakundwa Leonid Kravchuk. Photo yake utungamiriri nguva iri pasi apa.

The enyika mufananidzo Leonid Kravchuk

Kamwe ari paTV ichangopfuura akaurayiwa Kiev munyori uye mutori Oles Buzina Kravchuk akabvunza sei, aimbova ideologist mukuru Communist Party, anozivikanwa nokuda pakurwisana Ukrainian vezvourudzi vanogona kutaura kuti nhasi ndiye mutsigiri wavo enyika uye kunyange kuva muteveri. Panguva Leonid Makarovich, "isina sumnyashesya" akapindura: "Znaєte scho? Dumka ake mіnyaє kwete abo zvakaipa, abo akafa. Ini handisi vari handina Lots Other ".

Maererano pfungwa Kravchuk, vose vasina kusiya zvavanotenda, kunyange kubhadharira hwavo, muri mapenzi. Kwoupenyu hwake refu upenyu enyika iye akaramba kutungamirira, kuchinja zvematongerwo pezvaaitsigira. Panopera 2004, akurukure Yushchenko, iye akatsigira Yanukovych (yaakanga, nenzira, akanga kunyimwa musoro Honorary Doctor of Kiev-Mohyla Academy), ipapo 2009 musarudzo akava waunovimba pakati Yulia Tymoshenko, zvakafanana aikwikwidza Yanukovych.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, nzvimbo yake iri kuramba ichiva okunyanyisa zvakanaka, kutamira pedyo maonero Frank Russophobia. Saka, nguva yokupedzisira akasvika zvokuti Ukraine vanofanira kuparadzanisa Donbass kuti asashandiswe inokuvadza kukanganisa wokuUkraine rudzi. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakanga aimbova commissar enyika ari Ukrainian Communist Party, yomoto mumiririri, akadana kubva kumusoro tribunes kune proletarian internationalism uye ukama dzavanhu, uye ratova of facto mutemo panguva iyoyo enyika uye nyika chikonzero.

Kravchuk nemafungiro kuvanhu

Muchidimbu, gamba redu haadi vanhu. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune vapfumi uye vanhu vakaderera. Kana vepamusoro, zviri kurondedzerwa chaizvo muenzaniso mafungiro ichi akapa Vladimir Litvin, uyo ane makore mashoma apfuura, apo aiva sachigaro Verkhovna Batsirai pavo, mune imwe kutaura ake paterevhizheni Kravchuk achinzi "patented nyanzvi hure enyika."

Symbol wokutanga Ukrainian the maidan 2004 Ambuya Paraska Koroljuk pachena kumutsamwira Kravchuk uye akatoedza musimbise mafungiro avo narwo chiito, saka akamanikidzwa kurega naye pasi kuchengetedza utano. Ndizvo chikamu ukama zvevanhuwo zvavo.

Asi Leonid Makarovich anopfuurira kuva muimbi zvenhau, chinhu chinokosha chikamu zhinji epaTV, anoramba pachigaro presidium zvakawanda forum kuisa masangano evanhu, mune mamwe mashoko - iri pamberi mune wokuUkraine enyika coterie.

Chimwe nyaya iri kusimbiswa nokuda pfungwa yake munhu - kureva, uyo ane dzinza Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich? zita rake chairo, maererano zvimwe zvinyorwa, hachisi Kravchuk, uye Blum, t. E. Iye zvichipomerwa muJudha. Asi mashoko aya chokwadi chaizvo. zita Real Leonid Kravchuk, ungangotarisa, umwe iro anozivikanwa munyika yose.