Leyden muchinu

Vakawanda vakararama panguva yedu saka kujaira kuratidzirwa chokwadi, kuti kusvika pamwero akarega vaicherechedza pavo. Vanhu vanogara tichitya chinhu asingatsananguriki, kunyange chaizvo zvishamiso vakatipoteredza. Chii chingava nyore pane kuti baya chinja bhatani kuti chiedza girobhu racho akaputsa rima mukamuri!? Kana achikwira pasi, chete kuburikidza nekudzvanya bhatani iri erevheta. Hausi chishamiso?

Kunyange zvazvo nguva yose kushandiswa hunobatsira yemagetsi simba vanhu ane mishomanana zana nemakore, nhoroondo kwechinguvana, panguva yakanga zvinhu zvakawanda. Vamwe yaizivikanwa uye ikozvino (iyo inozivikanwa mutemo Ohm vake!), Uye mumwe anoyeukwa chete dzakaitika uye, dzimwe nguva, vadzidzisi muzvikoro. Somuenzaniso, chii neshamwari inomuka pamusoro avhareji munhu nemashoko "Leyden mudziyo"? Financial masangano, zvokurapa Mhiko zvinogona "runonyengera" kukwanisa ndichengetedze muriwo? Zvisinei, zviri zvikuru zvakasikwa, nekuti kunyange asina ose magetsi zvokufungidzira kuti Leyden nechirongo - mufananidzo ano magetsi capacitors. Kunyange zvazvo akagadzira yakareruka, mu pfungwa, pamwe kwakakodzera Shanduro dzakadaro mano vanogona zvikuru kubudirira kushanda sechikamu magetsi matunhu.

wechikoro ose anoziva kuti kana iwe varikwizire mapurasitiki mubato bvudzi, zvayo nzira zvimwe zvinhu mudenga pakakoromoka chimvari kunoitika. A zvakafanana musimboti rinoshandiswa electrostatic muchina, nokuda iyo paiva Leyden nechirongo. Muzana remakore rechi18 German Gericke rokunyika vanhu inoita installation, iyo yakavakirwa raiva guru girazi mbiya ane sezvibwe ekisero. A nyore bhandi nemotokari akamuita kuruka. Kubata chimedu ganda aigona kukonzera munhu zvemagetsi dzomoto uye zvisingaoneki remagetsi minda. In nyaya dziri mapazi chiito mitsetse yeminda simba vanowanika uye vaunganidza (yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa) dzenzvimbo.

1745 ndiro zuva apo mumwe Leyden chirongo yakavhurwa. Yefizikisi Pieter Van Musschenbroek pakati Leyden vakaziva kudira mvura mudende, akaisa shure chimedu waya, vachinyatsoongorora kutora tinokwanisa maoko uye nacho kuti kumhanya elektroforu. Anobata projecting mugove waya musayendisiti akagamuchira simba zvazvinoita kuvhunduka. Zviri ikozvino pachena kuti ruoko rwomunhu uye mvura muhari akashanda chii zvino kunzi capacitor ndiro, uye girazi rusvingo mudziyo - iri insulating rukoko. Leyden nechirongo aigona -wedzera magetsi zvokuti akaguta kuti ndima kwezviitiko vanhu 700. Zvaiva pachena kuti zvinogona izvi zvakawanikwa hwakakura kwazvo. Zvinonzi muna weLeiden kwakatangwa kugadzirwa "capacitors", akapa zita mudziyo.

Pashure 2 years kubva kuwanikwa B. Franklin kuti experimental zvinangwa wakaputirwa kunze rusvingo handigoni netini foil, nokudaro vachiwedzera chinzvimbo. Zvaiva pachena kuti zvakawanda chaifanira pachena. Kutaura zvazviri, kwaiva nzira "kutongwa uye kukanganisa" uye yokungotaura hwaro kare vaziva pachishandiswa migumisiro kuedza. Naizvozvo Franklin yakatsiva nebhengi sandara magirazi pamwe foil kumativi akasiyana, kuwana yaizivikanwa tose capacitor.

Leyden nechirongo nemaoko enyu anogona kuitwa nokukurumidza chaizvo. Need epurasitiki bhangi gaba ndiro chete insulated waya soldered, neactivated charcoal, vafuke Sefa bepa, simbi (kana mupurasitiki ine conductive muwedzero) pamwe chirwere-pabutiro kuonana uye munyu mvura. Siya pasi ndiro kuti mapurasitiki mudziyo, vakasununguka kuguma waya kuona kukwira. Nokuvhara pamusoro bepa, dira marasha layer dira munyu mvura uye woisa chifukidziro pamusoro chirwere. Zvakaratidza kuti mabhanga vari kunze peberere waya mbiri kuputira: kubva pasi uye pamusoro mahwendefa. Zvino, kana vachida kuuya kwokunze voltage, chikamu zvichaita dzora. Pashure paizvozvo, chete kubatanidza mutoro achagara. Paaibata "Bank" kungwaririra.