Atlas Mountains - unoparadzanisa makomo

Zvakawanda wenharaunda Africa iri African lithospheric ndiro. Ndicho mukuru pachikuva kare raiva chikamu kondinendi yose Gondwana hombe. Muna Triassic nguva pasi pokudzora kwokunze ehondo Earth refu neeSultan zvaiitika pamusoro kondinendi yekare, dzakaparara. Zvikanganiso zviri goko, paumbwe Horst, kudengenyeka kwenyika, kuputika kwemakomo kwakakonzera kuti paumbwe undulating mapani, matunhu nenzvimbo dzakakwirira, nembiya makuru uye twi itsva. Africa - yacho chete izvo zvitsva neeSultan gomo dzakaumbwa kwete dzinodengenyeka ose akapeta zvivako. The soro gomo iri Africa rinopfuurira kuMabvazuva African dzakakwirira. Mountain dungwerungwe Drakensberg akaumba nechokumabvazuva kwesango kondinendi. South of kondinendi iri bordered nokuda rwenze of Cape makomo uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero akaiyera Mountains Atlas. anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri avo nechokuchamhembe vanoiswa zvakananga pamusoro panosangana vaviri lithospheric kwamahwendefa.

Atlas makomo, kana Atlas vanoumba kumavirira protrusion kondinendi African, iyo anosiiwa Southern Europe chete Gibraltar akakamanikana. North-kumadokero kwemhenderekedzo yacho kumavirira parutivi Atlantic Ocean kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba - Gungwa reMediterranean. In rwezasi, hapana zvakajeka muganhu pamwe Sahara, chinoitwa nevanhu kumaodzanyemba regomo neeSultan of Atlas, umo nharaunda mugwenga achikanganisa.

Atlas ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kuwedzera nechekuchamhembe Africa. Mountain siyana Anotambanudza kubva Atlantic kumhenderekedzo kuburikidza Morocco, Algeria kusvika kumhenderekedzo Tunisia. Inoitwa Mukuru Atlas gomo neeSultan, Tel-Atlas, ari Saharan Atlas, Middle Atlas, Anti-Atlas, kure negungwa nenzvimbo dzakakwirira uye mapani. The yakakwirira North Africa uye High Atlas ndiye Toubkal gomo, otonga kukwirira 4167 m. Ndirwowo soro pegomo North African. Atlas muchikamu ichi kwegomo siyana zvikuru zvakafanana Alps uye Caucasus. Mukusiyana, kuMiddle Atlas ane rwenze-zvakadai pamusoro ane chekawo kubudikidza mipata yakadzika. Kumabvazuva ndiko kuenderera High Atlas Saharan Atlas. To rwezasi High Atlas, Anti-Atlas wemakomo eJudhiya iri - vanomutswa Cenozoic fambisa kumucheto kwamahwendefa yekare.

Origin Atlas makomo chokuita zvinokanganiswa yakadzika nokuumba lineaments (Linear ruyamuro zvinhu). In Geological mazwi Mountains Atlas ndiyewo kunoshamisa nokuti chokwadi vari kufura nzvimbo iyi gungwa zvakawanda pasi chitubu dhishi, riri pasi mukuru munyika Sahara murenje.

Pamwe muMediterranean pamhenderekedzo, vachitevera contours pamahombekombe, chirefu vaduku akapeta gomo yemakomo Rif Atlas, Atlas Tel-kusvika 2500 m. Ivo zvakananga kuenderera makomo kweSisiri uye kumaodzanyemba kweSpain. Vazhinji Nhongonya gomo, kusanganisira Toubkal, adzima anoputika.

Kunakidza, asi vagari vemo of Atlas harisi zita chete kwegomo siyana, pane mazita chete wacho nenzvimbo dzakakwirira anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Pachavo zita "Mountains Atlas", "atirasi" vemo regai kushandisa. Vari kubatwa Europe uye ane yakatangira ngano dzekare, iyo dzaiimbwa se "gomo muAtlanta", mumwe rengano titan Atlas, kana Atlas, naPerseus tinoshandurirwa gomo African nokuramba mutsa.

Kuvapo Atlas makomo akatanga vachiziva vokuFenikiya kufamba. tsananguro yakatodzama yemigodhi gadziriro iri huri mabasa Maksima Tirskogo. Asi rakawedzerwa yokuti gomo siyana zvikuru zvinoshamisa mutsvakurudzi German Rolf Gerhard Africa. Akanga yakazonyorwa sezvo muMuslim akayambuka High Atlas, akati neeSultan mepu gomo, uye akaongorora oases kupfuura kubva Algeria mukusanzwisisa Sahara.

Mountains Atlas, yaiva pedo Marrakech, vaiona kuti mukuru. zera ravo pakutsvaga Cretaceous uye Jurassic nguva.

Features yazvino serakavakwa Makomo Atlas kuvimba zvikuru Continental uye pachinzvimbo yakaoma okunze. Kukuru weathering pezvakaitwa kukuparadzwa wemakomo vavo kuunganidza mujinga yakawanda zvakapwanyika, pakati vari kumusoro anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri ane zvakakwana pamawere uye unopinza twi. It chinosiyanisa rokuyamura zvakare yakasimba erosive dismemberment. Mountain neeSultan kucheka mipata yakadzika, dzomunyika pose rwenze vayambuka nokuda kwegadziriro migero - nhaka imwe zvekare panguva.

For Atlas makomo kwese Mediterranean ekunze. Zvisinei, hazvina nezvimwewo uye zvichienderana nokukwirira kwazvo kwazvo. Nokudaro, nzvimbo yacho High Atlas ine hwezuva gomo ekunze pamwe inotonhorera, jeka yechirimo uye kuchitonhora chaizvo dzechando. Paavhareji tembiricha iri kunosvika yezhizha + 25⁰S chando tembiricha iri akatura kuna dzimwe nguva -20⁰S. Pedyo Mountains Atlas kunoratidzwa zvinokosha kunaya muchando. Munzvimbo iyi pane kazhinji penzizi.

Munguva yezhizha dzomunyika pose pamipata rwenze zvakasimba achidziya, tembiricha inogona kusvika + 50⁰S. Night nekusiyana, zvikuru inotonhora pamwe kakawanda frosts.

Chirimwa pabutiro Atlas Kuchinja kana uchifamba kubva womukati kumahombekombe munzvimbo. Lower dzakatenuka akafukidzwa yemiorivhi zvipfupi nemichindwe, miti yakasvibira they uye mumasango koko pamuouki. The epamusoro dzakatenuka akafukidzwa nemasango yew there uye Atlas emisidhari. Kure negungwa mumipata, nenzvimbo dzakakwirira pamwe sesaline shomanana nevhu vari Semi-mumarenje uye akaoma steppes.

High mumakomo kune Zvikwenzi Mafuro, izvo zvakasiyana marudzi Kuronga European paMaare gomo. Pachavo pegomo akatevedzana isina zvinomera, uye chikamu chikuru yegore akafukidzwa nesinou. Nechokumaodzanyemba mezvikomo yaiva murenje munzvimbo uchitombova oases.

Animal World Atlas chinomiririrwa siyana mhando mhuka Africa uye Southern Europe: mukadzi, inosvetuka, hares, mapere, makava, mhuka katsi civets. On pamatombo vakawana Barbary Macaque, uye nyoka zhinji uye dzvinyu.

Population High uye Middle Atlas pfungwa mujinga nemipata, apo nyika iri unodiridzwa uye kupatsanurwa pasi yemiorivhi neminda, maranjisi, uye zvimwe zvirimwa. Panzvimbo yakatenuka-tenuka mawere gomo mazambiringa vari akura. The vomunzvimbo iri aidaro mombe maberekero, kurimwa zviyo zvakaoma Alpha - chinokosha mbishi mashoko kugadzirwa zvomucheka mapepa.