Ndezvipi maduramazwi? Ndezvipi mumaduramazwi mutauro wokuRussia?

Kashoma kuwana munhu kanenge kamwe muupenyu hwangu akatarira muduramanzwi. Uchibatsirwa kwavo, isu hatingazvirumbidzi chete kudzidza zvinoreva mamwe mashoko, sarudzai anoreva zvakafanana uye antonyms, asi kudzidza zvakawanda itsva.

Ngatimbotaura ndedzipi maduramazwi, chii kupatsanura kwavo uye yeuka inokosha "vatungamiriri mutauro" yomutauro wokuRussia.

The sainzi nemaduramazwi

Lexicography - mumwe zvikamu zvemutauro, kubata nezvinetso kudzidza uye rokunyora maduramazwi. Rinotaura pamusoro kupatsanura kwayo, anoita zvinodiwa kuti nyaya yavo kugutsikana.

Masayendisiti akaanyora maduramazwi, nevadudziri vemashoko vanozviti. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vanyori maduramazwi pane chete compilers. Izvi imhaka yokuti vari yaakaita inokosha makadhi pamusoro izvo ngadzirambe zvinoreva mashoko avo nezvimiro. Panyaya iyi, iyo compiler anogona kushandisa zvose pachedu akaunganidzawo makadhi avo, uye makadhi unganidzwa nokuda nevashandi nyanzvi dzemitauro.

Next tichakurukura chii vari mumaduramazwi mutauro wokuRussia achaziva ndiani akavaita.

Kupatsanura nemaduramazwi ano

maduramazwi All nemaenisaikoropidhiya vari rakakamurwa philological kana mitauro.

Encyclopedic maduramazwi akashuma mashoko pamusoro zviitiko siyana. Muenzaniso unoshamisa duramazwi akadai anogona kushanda BES - Great Encyclopedic Dictionary. Kushandisa Encyclopedic mumaduramazwi mazwi.

Ndezvipi mitauro maduramazwi? Danae boka maduramazwi avepo namashoko uye avo kwazvo. Vanewo rakakamurwa pamusoro mitauro miviri uye monolingual.

Muchishona chakare Maduramazwi zvine mashoko mutauro Russian aro yakaenzana mune mumwe mutauro.

Monolingual maduramazwi vakakamurwa muzvikwata zvichienderana kwavaienda.

The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa mhando nemaduramazwi

Ndezvipi mumaduramazwi ndezverudzii? Pakati monolingual maduramazwi chinofanira zvinotevera:

1. Tsananguro, izvo zvinopa munhu kududzirwa shoko, ukoshi hwayo inorondedzerwa.
2. Dictionary neologisms - rine mazita vachangobva kupinda kushandisa mashoko uye avo kwazvo.
3. Mashoko Foreign - rinoburitsa kwete chete zvinoreva shoko, asi anotiwo mutauro chii zvasvika kwatiri.
4. Anoreva zvakafanana - zvinobatsira kunhonga anoreva zvakafanana. It rinoti pasi mashoko akafanana zvarinoreva inokosha, vakawanda kushandiswa zvakafanana mune dzino.
5. Antonyms - antonymous unotora mbiri mashoko.
6. Homonyms - rinotsanangura huru homonymous maviri, zvichiratidza kukosha shoko, kunyanya kushandiswa kwayo pakutaura.
7. Phrasebook - rine mazita ose anozivikanwa phraseologisms uye anovapa dudziro.
8. Zvivakamutauro maduramazwi - anoratidza zvivakamutauro zvinoreva shoko - chii mukukurukurirana nde-, chii ayo chikuru zvinhu.
9. Chiperengo - kunobatsira kudzivisa rakajairika zvikanganiso paainyora imwe shoko.
10. Chiperengo mashoko - kugadzira yakarurama madudziro emazwi nemashoko.
11. Derivational - anoratidza chii chinoita raishandiswa inotungamirwa mashoko, zvikamu chii inoitwa (prefixes, suffixes, midzi).
12. Dictionary epithets - kunobatsira kusarudza anobudirira zvikuru epithets kune imwe pazita.
13. Etymological duramazwi - anotiudza nyaya chidzoke kutaura.

Famous maduramazwi Russian

Zvino ngatitarise vakurukure chinhu, chii vari mumaduramazwi mutauro wokuRussia.

• Yakakurumbira anonzi ari "rinotsanangura Dictionary wokuRussia Language", rakanyorwa ne- nyanzvi akakurumbira V. I. Dalem. This guide rine vanenge 200 zviuru mashoko. Pasinei atova anopfuura zana, zvinonzi verenga nomumwe kupfuura kwakakwana uye kushandiswa ano.
• Wechipiri zvakafanana inokosha "Dictionary" rakanyorwa nomumwe mukurumbira nyanzvi S. I. Ozhegovym.
• "Achitonga duramazwi" akasunungurwa dzakasiyana nyanzvi mbiri - R. I. Avanesovym uye IL Reznichenko. Vose vane anoyevedza ndandanda mashoko akashandiswa uye anobatsira kwete chete nokuda vechikoro uye vadzidzi.
• Onawo "Thesaurus" Z. E. Aleksandrovoy uye "antonyms Dictionary" rakapepetwa L. A. Vvedenskoj.

Ndezvipi maduramazwi asi? Dzidza nhoroondo dzakawanda mashoko edu yekushandisa zvinogona yakanyorerwa Labor N. M. Shanskogo "Brief etymological duramazwi mutauro Russian", uye tinyatsoziva mitsara uye kukosha kwavo vachatitaka "Phraseological duramazwi wokuRussia Language" AI Molotkova.

Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa "Dictionary of matambudziko mutauro wokuRussia", rakapepetwa yakakurumbira Russian philologist, wemabhuku anoverengeka uye dzakaunganidzwa mitemo mutauro Russian D. E. Rosenthal uye M. A. Telenkovoy.

isu zvawanyora mabhuku kwemakumi emakore, asiwo kuda atibatsire uye kugovana ruzivo rwavo. Zvino kuti unoziva chii vari maduramazwi. List nechipiriso nesu, muchidimbu, asi kunyange mabhuku aya zvokuti nguva dzose kuva kuverenga uye kudzidza munhu.

Sechivako duramazwi hwokupinda

In mhedziso, ndinoda kuwedzera mashoko mashomanana nemamiriro duramazwi mukova.

Chero muduramazwi kupinda chinotanga Header neshoko, iro rinowanzoshandurwa ushandiswe nemabhii makuru uye noushingi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kamwe kuti, sokushandiswa mumaduramazwi Mashoko nguva dzose zvakanyorwa zvakanaka, saka kana iwe usiri chokwadi zvakarurama chiperengo shoko, kwete hazvo kureva chiperengo duramazwi. Just kuzarura chero anowanika kodzero nyore.

In maduramazwi dzakawanda, uye rinoratidzawo zvakarurama madudziro emazwi. ruzivo urwu Achachengeta zvinenge zvose maduramazwi Russian. Chii kunyange tagging?

Pakangotanga Header mashoko ari mashoko chii mukukurukurirana izvozvo ndohwavo. Zvadaro anotsanangura zvarinoreva kana ari mazita anoreva zvakafanana, antonyms - zvose kunoenderana mhando duramazwi. Dictionary paya apedza mienzaniso kushandiswa - pamwe mashoko kubva mumabhuku, magazini. Kana shoko iri kunyanya kushandiswa pakupera yacho uye ruzivo urwu zvinoratidzwa.

zvakawanikwa

Tinofanira kunzwisisa chii lexicography, vari maduramazwi uye kukosha kwavo akarongwa mhando huru, uye akatungamirira mazita kupfuura anobatsira kuti munhu akadzidza.

Yeuka, kana uchinetseka kunyora kana mataurirwo shoko, anogona kusarudza anobudirira zvikuru, kungova kuzarura rimwe zvinotevera mabhuku kuonana.