London Stock Exchange: nhoroondo yokusika

The London Stock Exchange ndiye mukuru Europe aripo. Uyezve, iye inozivikanwa kwayo internationality: nokuti zvinosanganisira 340 makambani munyika 60, 2004 mashoko. Pasinei chokwadi kuti pane zvakawanda 21 ari pamusika UK, kupfuura mukurumbira yasara London. Pairi isu vachakuudza munyaya ino.

mamiriro

The London Stock Exchange ane misika nhatu huru: mukuru, kunyoreswa kuchengetedzeka uye dzimwe upfumi.

• Official Market. Kudeuka chidimbu rakagadzirirwa makambani imwe nhoroondo uye kuvapo kwemisha guta. Rine mapoka maviri: dzakawanda uye mudzimba nemakambani.
• Unlisted kuchengetedzeka musika. It akazviratidza muna 1980 kugovera mabasa yemakambani diki. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti kuedza wakavhiringika, uye nokuda yakaderera liquidity pakutanga pakati 90s mumusika rarambidzwa.
• Alternative Investment Market. It akasimuka pakati 1995 nekuda kwerunyararo yemakambani duku. Pakati musarudzo itsva havasi pasi chaiwo zvinodiwa maererano shoma nhoroondo boka uye uwandu migove atoisa wechiGeorgian. Zvakanzi zvekare wakaderedzwa zvinodiwa kuti ukuru shoma guru. Asi mazvake muna 1997 kwakakanganisa kuti London Stock Exchange akasungirirwa mitemo chinopiswa.

nyaya

Kubva rechi16 zvakaenda remakore securities kunze ari kofi zvitoro kana mumigwagwa. Muna 1566 achibva Holland Thomas Gresham zvinganaka kuvaka yoga nzvimbo zvinangwa izvi. Akati Achazviita mari yazvo, asi vakarayira kuti veko uye hurumende kuwana akakodzera nharaunda. On nemari inounganidzwa muna 3500 paundi saizi yakanga waakatenga rworudyi nomunda. Muna 1570, pakuvhurwa Royal Exchange.

Exchange itsva

Zvinosuruvarisa, the Great Fire rokuLondon akaiparadza, uye chivako chitsva rakavakwazve chete muna 1669. Uyewo, iyo maberere rakarongwa, rine zvigaro 200 kuti rendi. In yepasi chivako akaunzwa zvinhu zvakachengetwa. Muna 1698, nevaichinja vakadzingwa pakuvaka Stock Exchange yokufeva mufambiro (batwa uye ruzha). kofi imba "Jonathan" rave akasarudza kuti nhaurirano uye bargaining. Paivawo wokutanga mutengo ndandanda kuchengetedzeka. Pashure pemakore 50, kofi chitoro, "Jonathan," yakadzokorora kutapwa rokutanga chaizvo Stock Exchange - nayo Akapisa pasi. Zvisinei, vashanyi akadzorera chivakwa yavo. Muna 1773, pedyo kofi nevaichinja zvakavaka chivako chitsva, vakauti "Jonathan New" (Pashure zita akazonzi "Stock Exchange").

Exchange muzana remakore rechi20

Hondo Yenyika I vasanyanya zvikuru European misika wemari. London Stock Exchange akavhara wokupedzisira chaizvo, uye gare gare gore (muna 1915) akatangazve basa rayo. Rechiuto vanopfura evazvipiri rakaumbwa kuitira kuchengeteka. In yose, paiva nevanhu 400. Mumwe mana afa muhondo. Nemakore 60-fung uwandu remapazi uye vashandi kuwedzera zvokuti mirayiridzo exchange, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka itsva 26-storey chivakwa. Kuvakwa rwakatora makore 12, uye muna 1972 chivako chitsva akazarura pachake Mambokadzi England.

Muna 1987, musi Stock Exchange akavhiyiwa transformations zvikuru. Kukosha aya: Shanduro mumuviri zvemagetsi zvokutengeserana (SEAQ maitiro), kuti abolition ari shoma muganhu basa, Stock Exchange nhengo mvumo nokubatanidza mashandiro anoita bhuroka uye munyengeri. Nemhaka electronic hurongwa SEAQ nevaichinja havana kuenda yokurovedza muviri panguva okisheni. Vaikwanisa kuzviita muhofisi yake.

Pakazosvika 1997, ari London Stock Exchange inoti kushandisa electronic format zvachose. Computer zvokutengeserana hurongwa Anogadza zvakawedzera kumhanya kwema uye kuita zvavo.

LSE-ferrous simbi

Rakavakwa panguva Industrial Revolution muna 1877. Zvino London Stock Exchange non-ferrous simbi ndicho chinonyanya kukosha European wokutengesera. Rava kure nyore kusvika mberi (zvino uye neramangwana) kwema. izvi zvose achibvumira vatengi uye Vanoburitsa maindasitiri nesimbi kudzima nokurasikirwa uye ruzhowa ngozi kana mutengo yakatesvera panyanga dzacho. Unogona kuita kwema mu zvokusarudza, neramangwana makondirakiti uye mari zvinhu.

Exchange riri mu tsaru chivakwa Planteyshn House uye achiri anoramba zhinji tsika kare. Uchishandisa kamuri chinoitwa chairatidzika denderedzwa kuti inorondedzera "dzeraundi nhengo" vaitengesa. Pasinei veMubatanidzwa zvigadzirwa gadziriro, kuti kutengeserana richiri akanyudzwa vachishevedzera. Saizvozvowo, vataura uye simbi mitengo. London Stock Exchange musi Planteyshn House ane "mutauro chiratidzo" chaiyo, iyo nevaichinja vanoshandisa panguva nhokwe kwete kusanganisa kupa uye kugamuchira mirairo.

musika goridhe

Panewo simbi anokosha, izvo anorega London Stock Exchange - goridhe. Zvagara akamira panzvimbo ino chete. Kuti aite mabasa ari oga mukamuri pamwechete vamiririri mapoka mashanu. Mukusarudza sachigaro vachiriita, uye "Zvishanu" anoda kugumisa kwema. Mushure approvals zvose uye approvals akazivisa wakaiswa mutengo, izvo zvichaita kuti vakagumisa uye chibvumirano. By yakafanana zano iri kutengwa mhangura. The London Metal Exchange, chokwadi imwe yakakurumbira British zvemari masangano. Asi pane zvikoro zvakawanda vatatu munokosha nezvenyu voga.

London Oil Exchange

1970 asati, simba musika kwave yakatsiga zvikuru. Asi pamusana mafuta zvirango (1973-1974 gg.), The inotungamirwa weOPEC uye vechiArabhu-Israeli hondo, veoiri vakafirwa vadzore mitengo. Saka, mukutanga 80s. International Petroleum Exchange rakaumbwa muLondon. Chikonzero chikuru nokuda kwayo chitarisiko - chichiwedzera volatility mu mitengo mafuta. A non-mureza nzvimbo rinotsanangura kuwedzera bhuku oiri muGungwa North.

Exchange inopa nzira sei unleaded peturu, mafuta gasi, oiri ichakasangana nezvimwewo, uye neramangwana makondirakiti. Its chikuru chepfungwa - kukwanisa kuchinjana mari pamusika chinzvimbo neramangwana nzvimbo pamusoro ezvinhu kuti adzikinure kunoitika muna asiri mabhizimusi maawa. Chechipiri Pakanzi - refu-nguva (20:15). zano kwakadaro kunoita nevaichinja kugumisa zvibvumirano pamwe kuyananisa USA.

British Exchange Options uye hwamangwana

Pakutanga, yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo title: The London Mercantile Exchange. sangano iri riri pamusika chinokosha nomukaka uye zvigadzirwa okurima yeUnited Kingdom. Chokwadi, tichitarisa bhuku uye kukura, zviri yekudyidzana muduku wavo dzimwe dzomuzana (semuenzaniso, kuti Chicago Stock Exchange), asi haina kutadzisa kuita chinokosha inorwara kwema mu Europe.

Exchange ichi akauya pakati pezana remakore rechi20 pahwaro "chinouraya songaniro", iro chaiitirwa neramangwana kwema mhiri vakawanda chigadzirwa mitsetse. Gare gare, iye woga anenge ose pamisika, uye kunyange akatora mugove pamisika pakati kuBaltic navo (nomukaka ari muchikepe mitoro uye matapiri). Mitengo iri London Stock Exchange Options uye neramangwana zvikuru zvinobatsira. Unogona kupinda kwema vari kwakajairika (bhari, gorosi, nyama yenguruve, uye zvichingodaro.), Uye ichitongwa zvigadzirwa (soyabhinzi, shuga, kofi).

International Exchange Options uye hwamangwana

In Britain, pane akaparadzana pamusika zvokusarudza, asi zvinoshanda kunonyanya pamwe Sweden. Kwema pamusoro-siyana yesangano rakaitirwa International Exchange Options uye ramangwana.

Kusvikira 1992, kwema izvi vanobatanidzwa mukamuri rokuvhiyira of London Stock Exchange. Zvino kune chimwe chivako musi Cannon Street. Vazhinji zvibereko zvokutsinhanisa ichi nechokuita nezvisungo zvikwereti zviridzwa, pamusoro vamwe kwema neramangwana zvibvumirano pamusoro mugove.

Panguva International Exchange aishingaira mhindu British wemari indekisi FTSE 100. Its chinokosha kukwanisa kushanda pamwe European uye American kusarudza. Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura, yakange mamiriro mumisika yakanakisisa European mune iri hwokugadzira tichitarisa michina.

International Exchange kusarudza uye neramangwana ndiyo centerpiece of UK musika rinobva nhumbi uye inopa refu azvipire liquidity nokuda Japanese pazvisungo, kuti US, Germany uye Italy. Asi, mukusiyana kune American masangano, hazvina kubata zvibvumirano pamusoro Currency nomukaka.

Kamwe exchange rakatanga kurongwa misangano munzvimbo yevasungwa kwema. Zvino vava formalized zvemari masangano, kupa vatengi kunosanganisira mabasa akasiyana. Sezvo nzvimbo maitiro akaonekwa vanachandagwinyira uye kuomesa mitemo kuti kuderedza ngozi vechikamu.

Most British exchanges vachiri musamutsa chakazvibata purofiti. kuita kwavo voga mureza garandi (dzimwe nguva ari muchimiro kuchengetedzeka). Cleaning kushanda masangano mubasa London clearinghouse. Ndicho ichi uye rinopa runovimbisa inishuwarenzi Fund. Pakupera kwa2000, saizi yaro yakanga pondo mamiriyoni 150.

mhedziso

Zvino London Stock Exchange riri pakati masangano shanu pakukura nemarudzi adzo munyika. migove Kune vari mhindu makambani 300 vakabva kunyika 60. Kana isu funga makambani Russian, mukuru kudiwa ndechokuti bepa kuti "Lukoil", "Gazprom" uye "Rosneft". Kubvira 2005, musi Stock Exchange ichatanga vanotengesa kusarudza uye neramangwana riri pamusoro RTS indekisi.