The dzinongoitika Kuderera mune vanhu Russia: Zvinokonzera

The dzinongoitika Kuderera mune vemo - dambudziko, inova chimwe chezvinhu zvenzara munyika. A ezvinhu chinovapo somugumisiro pamusoro predominance yevanofa pamusoro pakuzvarwa.

Pfungwa yokuti 'rwokuzvarwa kuderera vemo "uye" kwouwandu hwevanhu "

Wembereko uye kufa - pezvakaitwa dzine mutsindo simba pamusoro wevanotungamirira ezvinhu nomumwe nyika kana nyika yose zvayo. Both zviratidzi vari quantitative. Kuberekwa zvazvingava inoratidza nhamba yokubererwa anodarika kupiwa nguva mune imwe ndima, akaverenga, kazhinji muchimiro nevakawanda chinhu - nhamba mhenyu kuzvarwa muzana 1,000 kwevanhu. Uyezve, wembereko anogona pakutsvaga zviratidzo zvakadai:

• zera kubereka zvazvingava (nhamba achangoberekwa pa 1,000 vakadzi vezera);
• zvachose mbereko mwero (nhamba yokubererwa mune imwe nzvimbo kwenguva yakati nguva muzana mukadzi).

Mwero wokufa kwevanhu kunotsanangurwa so nhamba nhamba yevakafa kuti kupiwa nguva uye mune imwe ndima kuti yevagari. Yakadereresa kufa zvevakomana ndee muna Kuwait, Kuwait uye United Arab Emirates, chikuru - muSwaziland, Lesotho, Botswana nedzimwe nyika ine pasi nemararamiro, utano, HIV.

wembereko uye kufa kwakanyanya ane zvakananga kukanganisa dzimwe Statistical tsika dziri demography Somuenzaniso, dzinongoitika kuderera uye kwouwandu hwevanhu. Natural kwevanhu kuderera (kana akaipa coefficient rwokuzvarwa kukura) yakanyorwa, kana kufa kwazvo kubereka. Tikasadaro, tinogona kutaura rwokuzvarwa kuwedzera, inova hwaro kwouwandu hwevanhu.

List Nyika nokuda kwevanhu kuderera

The soro dzinongoitika hwevanhu kuderera ndizvo kuti nyika dzakawanda dziri kuEastern Europe. The mazita depopulating nyika (maererano rwokuzvarwa kwevanhu kuderera yakaipisisa wevanotungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu) vaiva:

1. Bulgaria. Rufu kuBulgaria ndiye anenge mumwe nehafu nguva kupfuura pakuberekwa mwero kwemakumi emakore.
2. Estonia. Part zvakasikwa kurasikirwa hwevanhu muEstonia zvakakodzera kwete chete pane kuchinja pakuenzanisa yokuberekwa nokufa, asi naiyewo water drainage vevanhu, kusanganisira mutauro wokuRussia.
3. Latvia. On zvepanyama kuderera Latvia, uyewo kuchikosha zvazvinoita yokutama.
4. Ukraine. Kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika, kuderera mune zvinodiwa pakurarama, hondo uye kurasikirwa nzvimbo - zvose izvi, pamwe zvinoderedza kuberekwa zvazvingava, kukonzera rwokuzvarwa hwevanhu kuderera muUkraine.
5. Belarus. Vagari Belarus zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera nokuti akatevedzana kwemakore akawanda.
6. Georgia. Wevanotungamirira ezvinhu akatanga kuderera nokukurumidza pakaparara Soviet Union.
7. Lithuania. Kufanana zhinji dzeSoviet, muna Lithuania mamiriro ezvinhu akatanga kuderera pashure rusununguko.
8. Hungary. Kwemakore anoverengeka, Hungary rwuripowo pamazita munyika yakaderera nembereko.
9. Japan. Dzokubereka chinzvimbo inowira kuJapan kubvira manonwe. Inguva kutaura, kana kwete dambudziko, ipapo kuoma wevanotungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu kudaro zvakarurama.
10. Russia. matambudziko wevanotungamirira yeRussia ichakurukurwa muudzame ari akakodzera chikamu pazasi.
11. Slovenia. To musi, makumi maviri nerimwe zviuru kuzvarwa pamusana nemapfumbamwe zviuru akafa. Natural kuwedzera zvakanaka, asi kumhanya kukura kwevanhu murombo.
12. Moldova. Zvichitevera kuzivisa rusununguko vanhu kweMoldova yakaderera nezvikamu anenge matatu namazana.
13. Armenia. Population kuderera anonyatsoratidza kubvira 1995.
14. Bosnia. In hurumende pane akatsiga kwevanhu zvokukwegura.
15. Croatia. Kuwanda kufa akapfuudza nhamba kuzvarwa, yepanyama vanogara kuderera Zvakacherechedzwa kwemakore anoverengeka muCroatia.

Map pazasi zvakajeka zvinoratidza mwero rwokuzvarwa kwouwandu hwevanhu munyika.

Dynamics kuti vagari reRussia negore

Vaverengwe, kuitwa muna 1897, akanyora vanhu mamiriyoni 125 vaigara Russian Empire. The riripo kumuganhu Russian Federation panguva akararama mamiriyoni 67,5. Natural kuderera vemo reRussia kubvira ipapo uye kusvikira 1994, parakatanga kusviba mu hwevanhu kukura yaiitwa kamwe chete. Saka, muna 1946, Hondo Yenyika II, nhamba vagari aregedza kubva kusvika 111 miriyoni (muna 1941) kuti mamiriyoni 97,5.

Muna chati pazasi wakatarwa dzinongoitika kukura emuchina uye wokubereka, kufa kubva 1950. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti yepanyama yevanhu kurasikirwa (panguva iyoyo vachiri kwete kunaka dzinongoitika kukura, asi pachena kuparara wevanotungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu) pamwe nembereko kuderera kwakacherechedzwa mumakore post-hondo. Zvadaro zvinhu kugadzikana. Next pane chinokosha Kushatiswa kuparara Soviet Union. Zvadaro, nokuda vanoshorwa ezvinhu enyika uye kuderera yokuzvininipisa upenyu, panguva iyoyo kunoderedza wembereko uye kwakawedzera kufa.

Kuwanda kwevanhu of Russian Federation

To musi, vagari Russia iri vanhu mamiriyoni 146,8. Mumakore mashoma apfuura (kubva 2010) nhamba vagari Russia ndiyo zvishoma nezvishoma asi kunowedzera gore negore. Panyaya iyi, iyo wevanotungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu zvarwo murombo.

Current wevanotungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu: huru kuitika

Current wevanotungamirira nezvemaitiro Russian Federation vari:

• yakaderera pakati nyika dzokuEurope, upenyu hunotarisirwa vanhu (makore 62.8);
• "Wevanotungamirira mafungu": iri zvikuru pasi nhamba yevanhu vaponerwa forties, manonwe uye nineties;
• kutsakatika runodiwa zvishoma zvaizopedza ne vaitamira kukura;
• nhamba yevana por mukadzi yakaderera kubva maviri (pa mwari 1988 zvazvingava aiva nevana 2,2) kuti 1.24, apo nokuti kugadzikana kwevanhu kukura kunoda zvinopfuura maviri;
• kuberekwa mwero yakawedzera kumatunhu pamwe dzinozivikanwa mangwanani amai;
• Sezvineiwo kwakaderedza nhamba wokuRussia mune madzinza nziyo, runodiwa kuchatsiviwa vanotama;
• kwakaderedza husingatsigirwi, rinova zvose chikonzero uye migumisiro wevanotungamirira dambudziko - zhinji dzichiva dzinongoitika kuderera chavagari vakasangana nematambudziko ezvoupfumi uye enyika ezvinhu, uyewo mamwe matambudziko.

The zvikonzero kuti chaiwo vasanyanye yevagari

Kune mapoka akawanda zvinoita kuti itibatsire panowanikwa wevanotungamirira dambudziko Zvisinei, pfungwa chikuru zvinhu hazvisi nguva dzose zvinoita.

1. Demoekonomicheskie: mukuru kuderera mune wembereko rates kuwedzera munyama, riri parumananzombe kuti vakawanda post-maindasitiri inoti.
2. Socio-Economic: kwakaderedza nemararamiro, kuchengeteka, kuchinja kubva gutsaruzhinji pamusika upfumi, kutya kuva nevana.
3. Sotsiomeditsinskie: munhu Wholesale kuderera kwezvirongwa zvoutano, vakawanda udhakwa, kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, vakawedzera kufa.
4. Sotsioeticheskie: mupfungwa mwoyo yevanhu, mukuru wevakuru mhirizhonga, kukurudzira pamuviri, kuparara kwemhuri, kupararira pfungwa "childfree", kudzikisirana pakati paruzhinji tsika.

Maberere of wevanotungamirira ezvinhu Russia

Achatanda pamusoro ano wevanotungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu panguva hakusi zvakanaka. zvino kana haisi kusimudza kuberekwa zvazvingava, nokuda 2025 kudzikamisa zvinhu zvichava zvazvingava zvakakodzera akaenzana zvachose mbereko mwero vana 3,41 muzana mukadzi.

On ndiripo kuitikawo, tinogona kutarisira kuti Russian uwandu kuchaita kuderera kusvika mamiriyoni 80 ne 2080. Maererano tariro Zvaifungidzirwa zvichaitika kunyange adarika - muna 2060. Maererano Masayendisiti akawanda uye vezvematongerwo enyika, pamwe nhamba iri kuramba kudzora mundima Russian Federation haazobudiriri panyika nhasi.

nzira kubva wevanotungamirira dambudziko

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chete nzira kubva akaoma wevanotungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu ari kusimbisa kupfungwa mhuri nevana. Zvisinei, muna tsika, dzinoda zvikuru kuchinja. Saka, vanofanira nechokwadi enyika uye zvoupfumi wakatsiga mamiriro ezvinhu, ezvidzidzo zvaunoda mitero uye chikwereti vaduku mhuri, kusimbisa nzvimbo mhuri, nezvimwe magariro masangano uye zvakawanda.