Mapurani Bazhenov: zvinonakidza zvinhu. Moscow mavakirwo yechipiri yezana remakore rechi18

Nyaya mavakirwo muguta Moscow zvaisazova kwakakwana pasina kudoma zita rakakurumbira Russian mapurani sezvo Vasiliy Ivanovich Bazhenov.

Delicate Gothic - ndiwo manyorero akawanda vasara mabasa Bazhenov. Saizvozvi, zvakaoma inovakwa Tsaritsyno. Most zvivako uye ezvirevo vari kwazvo sei nguva nenguva, asi basa rokudzorera inoitwa panguva Soviet uye post-Soviet nguva, akabatsira kudzorera vazhinji vavo.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Nzvimbo chaiwo uye zuva rekuzvarwa hauzivikanwi Vasily Bazhenov. Akaberekwa March 1, 1737, kana 1738, akafa musi August 2, 1799. Great Russian mapurani aibva kumhuri diki chechi jinda. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku akazvarwa muMoscow, pane dzimwe - muna Maloyaroslavets, uye vakatamira Moscow mu-pamwedzi mitatu zera. Muna 1753 Vasily akapinda vadzidzi Dmitry Uhtomtsevu. Kubva iye akagamuchira zvidzidzo ake yokutanga mapurani uye kuvakwa. Complete nokudzidziswa ramangwana mapurani Bazhenov haana apfuura kubvira akaoma mamiriro ezvemari mhuri vakamumanikidza kuti kurega zvidzidzo ake uye kuenda kubasa. Muna 1755 akatanga kudzidza panguva Moscow State University. Bazhenov kwakaita munyori wenhoroondo dzoupenyu yokutanga Metropolitan pamusoro Kiev Eugene Bolkhovitinov, akanyora kuti Basil akadzidzawo panguva necheSalvic-Greek-Latin Academy. Vatsvakurudzi hunotevedzana, chokwadi ichi akanga akapikisa. Zvichida, nenzira iyi pakunamata anoedza kumutsa mukurumbira wacho akaisa nemasangano nayo.

kuratidzwa tarenda

Muna 1758 Vasily Bazhenov pakati pamusoro vadzidzi 16 pamusoro dzinoenda kuna Ivan Shuvalov akatumirwa St. Petersburg ari richangobva kugadzwa Academy of Arts Akanaka. Kuongorora wokutanga matarenda mboni Vasily Bazhenov akapfuura sowakajeka uye akahwina nzvimbo yokutanga muna chepamusoro maitiro. Mukuru mapurani yeRussian Admiralty Chevakinsky akava munhu muperekedzi vaizotibata chaizvo, vaikwanisa uye muduku akangwara murume.

Makore matatu gare gare Vasily Bazhenov uye Anton Losenko vakava vadzidzi rokutanga Academy of Arts, mubayiro-bhezari.

Uyezve kudzidzira basa kwakaitika muna Paris ari Studio pamusoro Charles de Wailly. Zvadaro, murongedzeri Bazhenov akanga chikuru nditsigire ari neoclassicism French kuRussia uye pfungwa De Wailly vatakuri manyorero chinyorwa neoclassical Moscow.

Akadzokera kuna Russia muna May 1765 pamwe yemandorokwati testimonial maererano ake vakabuditsa nyanzvi uye tsika nounhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, basa mutsva Academy pasi pake kuti zvakaoma kuzviongorora basa raida uye kupa mutsva chirongwa chinyorwa basa. The Russian mapurani wechiduku akanga dzakasvibiswa Catherine II uye mwanakomana wake Paul. Mugari wenhaka pachigaro, akarayira Bazhenov magadzirirwo kuvaka neimba musi Stone Island, uye akarayira muna 1766 Grigory Orlov naye pakuvaka Arsenal. In basa iri Vasily Ivanovich muSt Petersburg akapera. Mapurani Bazhenov akatamira kuMoscow, kwaaigara uye aishanda kusvikira parufu rwake.

Kremlin Palace

Catherine akataura pfungwa gadziridzo pakati chakasakara dzoushe ari Moscow Kremlin. Bazhenov nechido kushanda. Nechekare muna 1767 iye akapa soro nokuongorora tarenda pamasikiro Big Kremlin Palace. Orlov nechokwadi feasibility yaivakwa chivako chakadaro hombe, asi murongedzeri muchiratidzo kwake youmambo dzokugara akaramba akaomerera uye kuguma chirimo 1768 akapedza kusikwa racho. Maererano nechirongwa chake kwaiva kutendeukira Kudeuka kumuzinda yakaoma muEurope, akaurayiwa muna neoclassical manyorerwo. Akanga vaifunga yokutsiva Kremlin yekare zvachose. The kuchinja akaronga kuramba chete kereke, rwakazokura haana kuonekwa kubva kurwizi, nekuti ramangwana akafukidza masvingo yamambo. Pasi urongwa, south zvose rakatarira, kureva shestisotmetrovuyu rusvingo Konstantinovskaya shongwe kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira uye Borovitskaya yafamba rokumadokero rusvingo Arsenal kuchamhembe, vaifanira kutora nhurikidzwa mana mumuzinda. Bazhenov wake akaronga kuisa zvakananga mawere yakatenuka pakati ebani uye ari Kremlin rusvingo, iyo aifanira kutakura. The mapurani inopiwa kuisira ibwe buttresses kudzivisa zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope enyika mamiriro murwizi. Aronga kusimbisa embankment pamahombekombe uye tarred matanda.

Maererano chirongwa nhoroondo Church nzvimbo inochengetedzwa, uye vari kumabvazuva chikamu Kremlin vaifanira kuvhuna itsva. Akanga atanga idzva TOUR mumigwagwa, kuenda kubva pakati kusvika kuchamhembe, kuchamhembe-kumadokero nokumusoro-mabvazuva. Mumuzinda akanga aronga musi Tverskaya Street. Basa aifanira kuva kutanga mazuvaano wenyika yose Moscow. Muna 1775, vagari kuitwa achitungamirirwa Petro Nikolai Kozhin Legrand hurongwa akanga pamutemo vanotenderwa.

Tsaritsyno

Muzhizha 1775 Bazhenov kwakasimbiswa munhu nekubatwa Tsaritsyno, izvo zvevakomana haina akachengetedzwa kutanga. Buildings Bazhenova vaiva kupindirana akagadzirwa vakasununguka-amire zvivako zviri Russian chiNazi dzekare maitiro. Paizopera uye akabvumirwa Empress kuronga akabvumirwa. Chikuru nyaya yaiva kuva yamambo, rine zvivako zviviri, unobva Conservatory. Rimwe bapiro yakanyorerwa Catherine, uye wechipiri - mwanakomana wake uye mugari wenhaka Paul. Somunhu magadzirirwo akaronga zvetsika Russian usina kukonekita chitsvuku nezvishongo. Catherine akaramba uye akaramba ari nyore shanduro - rusvingo dzvuku nezvidhinha zvishongo chena yellow glazed usina kukonekita padenga.

Bazhenov akatanga kuvaka zvakaoma kusvika pamberi mutsara kwezvivako diki, namasuwo uye mabhiriji, yakashongedzwa yakaisvonaka kumugumo kwezvokufuka kuti ave kubva arasika. Muna 1776, yakanga pakupedzisira vapedza decoration rinomufananidzo zambuko pamusoro mumupata. Mabasa akanga akaoma nemhaka yokushayiwa unyanzvi nemhizha uye disruptions mari.

Muna 1777 Bazhenov akatema yekare womuti imba aimbova varidzi wemunda uye vakatanga kuvakwa mukuru wamambo. It yakavakwa makore anopfuura masere. Miviri miviri inonyanya chakawedzerwa mamwe chete - nechepakati nevana yaPauro. Gavhuna James Bruce, uyo akashanyira Tsarina muna 1784, akanga zvakamushamisa kusavapo mukuru, mukuru chivakwa. Asi iye zvakadaro akatuma nechido muudze Catherine.

Kumira basa racho Tsaritsyn

In June 1785 Catherine tisingatarisiri akashanyira Tsaritsyno akaramba vasingagutsikane kunonoka kumhanya basa. Empress Palace kuongororwa sezvo kukodzera kuti vapenyu: rakasviba kwazvo makamuri, yakaderera ceilings, rakamanikana manera. Gore rino, ukama pakati Catherine naPauro irreversibly kunetse. The Empress akanga achiparidza panyaya yokugara. Zvino Muzinda mapatya chakajairika yakava zvematongerwo kururama. Catherine akarayira kuti vaparadze pakuvaka uye kuvaka itsva huru yamambo. Bazhenov uye Kazakov akarayirwa kutanga zvirongwa zvitsva. Mapurani Bazhenov akauya chirongwa chake pakuguma 1785, asi akarambwa, uye Vasili akaendisa. Ekaterina Kazakova akasarudzwa chirongwa. Bazhenov pamuzinda yacho yakaparadzwa muna muzhizha 1786. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Catherine haana kutora Bazhenov kwakaita chirongwa pamusana Masonic Chirevo uye Gothic manyorerwo. Hakugoni kuva kwechokwadi, sezvo Cossacks mumabasa avo arambe uye akadzokorora Gothic uye Masonic zviratidzo.

kicheni Building

In Tsaritsyno akaramba mumwe mamwe mamiriro Bazhenova - chivakwa kicheni, kana chingwa House. Zviri mativi chivako woita makona pakutanga rakagadzirirwa dzekubikira, dzokuchengetera, mumatura uye dzimba vashandi. Zvinoshandisa pakurima zviri akaiitirawo mukati - kuti siyana zveupfumi uye muranda kufamba mhiri Ziso vaeni uye wehondo Manor. Pasi pasi amabwe taisa vane mazitombo echando chena kuti zviri zvikuru kuchengeta tembiricha. The yose France iri akashongedzwa zviratidzo siyana :. Zvingwa nechingwa castors, magirazi nezvishongo, Masonic mutsetse, etc. Panguva ino, Chingwa House rinoshandiswa kuti Concerts uye zvimwe zviitiko nemagariro. Dzimwe nguva, pane mabiko.

Medium Palace

Opera House, kana Middle Dvorets Ekateriny, vakavirikidza musoro zvapungu pamusoro parapets pamadziro pakutanga kushandisa kuti duku pamutemo yemichato, uyewo Concerts uye zvesimba muzhizha. Kwenguva refu mumuzinda haina kushandiswa nenzira ipi zvayo. Kubva iye kwaiva chete masvingo. Muna 1988 akatanga-gore masere basa kudzorerwa. Excellent acoustics meimba achibvumira kuti Concerts. Kunewo inoshanyirwa kuratidzira mabasa ounyanzvi.

Pashkov imba

Vasily Bazhenov - murongedzeri akasika mumwe nyika yakakurumbira zviratidzo Moscow. It yakavakwa mumakore 1785-1786 Pashkov House. Kucherechedzwa mamiriro anogona kazhinji kuwanikwa mifananidzo yacho, zvinyorwa, postcards, zvetsamba, mabhokisi ane zvihwitsi, etc. Mushure kubviswa kubva chirongwa "Tsaritsyno" Vasiliy Ivanovich Bazhenov akatanga kutora private makomisheni kubva Muscovites vakapfuma. Saka, pachikomo Vagankovsky akavaka kwazvo palace ibwe jena nokuda mukuru-refutenendi Semenov hondo uye wake. chivakwa France anotarira kurutivi Starovagankovsky mukoto, uye Kremlin akadzokera divi rayo. Zvinofungirwa kuti nenzira iyi murongedzeri akaratidza kutsamwa kwake Empress Tsaritsyno.

Pakafa mwana varidzi Pashkov House nhaka hama iri kure, uyo, vachifara kuroorana chinhu mugari wenhaka, mwanasikana Gold Mining akanga kuringana mamiriro kodzero. Zvadaro, mukuru Pashkov House akatengesa muchivigiro.

Russian Revival manyorerwe mapurani

Russian adherent pamusoro neoclassical chikoro kuti mapurani, hwakajeka yokudhirowa, theoretician kuti mapurani uye mudzidzisi Vasiliy Ivanovich Bazhenov uye nevamwe vake uye vadzidzi Matvey Kazakov uye Ivan Starov kuumba Russian National mutauro mapurani akanga kwedzimwe Peter I. Panguva iyoyo, Russian madhorobha kukura akaisa mataurire dzimwe ezvivako - Quarenghi, Rinaldi, Cameron nevamwe.

The inosuruvarisa kutapwa unyanzvi akitekiti

An kuratidzwa vepakutanga netarenda murongedzeri Bazhenov kupinzwa pedenderedzwa mufumi simba tycoons uye vezvematongerwo enyika, courtiers. Noruzivo mune zvokutengeserana uye nokukurukurirana zvakakonzera matambudziko ari oga uye nounyanzvi mabhora upenyu Vasily Ivanovich. Maviri ayo chikuru okuvaka yakasiyiwa zvikonzero enyika kana zvemari. Akanga asingakwanisi kuita basa rake vavakezve Grand Kremlin Palace. The Imperial Palace muna Tsaritsyno, waiva kuva chinoumba zvose Tsaritsyno kunzwisisa rakaparadzwa Catherine II. Chimwe chirongwa, kuti Moscow State University chivakwa, chamuita kuti unopinza zvinopesana aimbova kumupi, mapurani, Prokofiev Demidov, uye kwakaita kuti kusauka wakakwana Bazhenov. Asati afa, Vasily kupfuura kunetseka zvichaitirwa vana vavo, nekuti wakatya varege vakawana pachavo kubatanidzwa rokuvaka mubhizimisi, raakanga aionekwa nhau kutendeseka uye vanonyengera.

nhaka Bazhenova

Bazhenova nhaka ichiripo kwete aizvinzwisisa. Pane chokwadi pamusoro rakanyorwa anonzi kwaari zvimwe zvinhu. Zvikurukuru, kana kuvaka Bazhenov Architect Pashkov House? Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi ibasa vadzidzi vake, vaakanga agadza kwemakore akawanda kudzidzisa panguva Academy of Arts. Pakafa Catherine Paul I akagadza Vasily Ivanovich Mutevedzeri-purezidhendi Academy. Kudzidza chenhaka Vatsvakurudzi ake akawanda, kunyanya Igor Grabar, Shvidkovskiy DO Nemhaka kwavari chaizvo, asi kwete zvinhu zvose zvakanga zvakajeka. In "Notes pamusoro rainzwika Moscow" Karamzin anoenzanisa Bazhenova zvirongwa pamwe hwaPlato Republic uye Thomas More kuti pakuva. Pamwe ndosaka havana rakatangwa.