Matomu imwe byte Vangani? Ndezvipi matomu uye bytes?

All mapikicha, rwezuva zvinyorwa uye mapurogiramu zvinochengeterwa mundangariro kombiyuta iri muchimiro nematomhu uye bytes. Ndezvipi zviduku chairema ruzivo, uye vangani matomu imwe byte?

Kuchengeta mashoko achiyeukwa

Computer ndangariro iri rakakura akagadzirwa masero akazara Kwemagandanga Achishandisa Kombiyuta. Cell - ndiro shoma uwandu mashoko anogona kuwanikwa muverengi. Panyama, ndiyo chikungiso (mu makombiyuta ano). Chikungiso iduku zvokuti zvakaoma kuona kunyange nemaikorosikopu. Sero rimwe nerimwe rine rakasiyana kero apo unowana mumwe kana mumwe chirongwa.

Under muchitokisi nguva kunzwisisa imwe byte. Asi, zvichienderana mapurani, zvinogona nokubatanidza 2, 4 kana 8 bytes. Byte zvemagetsi vachinzwisisa seboka, asi chaizvoizvo zviri rinoumbwa masero kunyange zviduku - matomu. The 1 byte anogona encode chero hunhu, akadai tsamba kana nhamba, apo 1 ikakuruma hakuna kukwana.

Controllers kashoma ushande nomumwe matomu, kunyange zviri zvazviri zvinoita. Asi, pane nyaya yose bytes kana mapoka byte.

Chii wedzeredzei?

Kazhinji zvishoma kunzwisisa mashoko chairema yakayerwa. kutsunga kwakadaro haagoni kunzi yakarurama, nokuti chaizvo pfungwa mashoko zvikuru blurry. Kana kutaura zvakanyatsorurama, Judhasi - ndiyo tsamba earufabheti kombiyuta. Shoko "ikakuruma" rinobva pashoko Chirungu okuti "binary digit", iro rinoreva "binary digit".

Arufabheti makombiyuta riri nyore uye ine mbiri chete zviratidzo: 0 uye 1 (kuvapo kana kusavapo chiratidzo ichokwadi kana nhema). Ichi seti zvakakwana kurondedzera zvine musoro chinhu. Mamiriro wechitatu, iro rinorondedzerwa kombiyuta runyararo (zvichikurukura kugumiswa) Manyepo.

Roga, tsamba asingadi atakure ukoshi tichitarisa mashoko: achitarisa mumwe kana ane zero, hazvibviri kunzwisisa kunyange kuti, kusvika vorudzii Data kukosha ichi chinoshanda. Uye mapikicha, uye ndima, uye chirongwa vachazopedzisira panofanira vaya uye zeros. Naizvozvo dzikaruma zvakavaomera sezvo yakazvimirira chikwata. Naizvozvo, zvinokosha kuti nokubatanidza nematomhu kuti encode navo anobatsira ruzivo.

Chii chinonzi byte?

Kana zvishoma - ndiyo tsamba byte ari akatodzana kutaura. Imwe byte anogona ane mavara hunhu, integer chikamu vazhinji, vashoma uye nhamba mamita maviri. D. Saka byte kare rine chinangwa. mashoko, kunyange zvazvo ari vhoriyamu duku.

Asava mutendi mutsva programmers uye kungoda kuziva vanoshandisa kushamisika matomu vangani muna 1 byte. In pamakombiyuta ano, mumwe byte anogara kuenzana nematomhu masere.

Kana ikakuruma anokwanisa kutora tsika mbiri chete, wemishonga nematomhu sere anokwanisa kubudisa uwandu hwakasiyana-siyana 256. The nhamba 256 achiumbwa zviviri pakuvaka worusere dhigirii (maererano matomu vangani muzana byte).

Imwe ikakuruma - 1 kana 0. Two matomu anogona nechekare kusika kutamba 00, 01, 10 uye 11. Kana zvasvika 8 matomu, ipapo zeroes uye vaya kuti mubatanidzwa uyu ari kuwanda 00000000 ... 11111111 anotendeuka 256. Kana chete kurangarira sei tsika zhinji anogona kutora uye sei matomu zhinji huri rimwe byte, ipapo rangarira nhamba iyi ichava nyore chaizvo.

Mumwe wemishonga vatambi vanogona kutakura mashoko zvakasiyana zvichienderana yeEncoding (ASCII, Unicode, etc.). Ndokusaka vanoshandisa nezvinoda yokuti kwakamboitwa mashoko Russian dzimwe nguva rinowanikwa muchimiro oma vatambi.

Mamiriro Akaita binary hurongwa

The binary Hurongwa ine zvose zvakafanana ehupfumi sezvo yaizivikanwa kwatiri grade: nhamba zvinosanganisira vaya uye zeros, unogona kuwedzera, bvisa, muwande, etc. Musiyano chete ndechokuti hurongwa hahuzi 10, uye vose .. 2 digits. Ndokusaka zviri nyore kushandisa kuti mashoko encryption.

Chero positional marongedzero pakuverenga nhamba nematomhu ine: vane, makumi ezviuru, mazana, uye zvichingodaro D. Munguva grade hurongwa, kufadza kukosha mumwe digit ndiye 9, uye mune binary ino - 1. Sezvo mumwe ikakuruma anogona kutora tsika mbiri chete, binary nhamba nokukurumidza. kuwedzera urefu. Somuenzaniso, zvaizivikanwa kwatiri nhamba 9 achapiwa kunyorwa sezvo 1001. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mapfumbamwe achapiwa kunyorwa vatambi mana, pamwe chete binary digit anoenderana imwe wedzeredzei.

Nei mashoko encrypted mu binary chimiro?

The grade kwava dzinokodzera inputting uye outputting ruzivo, uye binary - kuronga muitiro waro kushanduka. Uyewo dzakakurumbira chaizvo maitiro, ane masere nezvitanhatu kutaurwa: ivo kushandura muchina remitemo iri imwe chimiro.

The binary Hurongwa ndiyo nyore kubva nemaonero nomufungo. Unit conventionally rinoreva "hongu": pane chiratidzo, mashoko ichokwadi, etc. Zero ari kusonganirana kukosha "kwete": .. Kukosha ndeyenhema, hapana chiratidzo, etc. mubvunzo upi rakazaruka inogona kuchinjwa kuti mumwe kana kupfuura mibvunzo ine dzakasiyana mhinduro "hungu .. "kana" kwete. " The wechitatu Ipfungwa Somuenzaniso, "Unknown" vachava maturo chose.

Munguva pokumuka ruzivo kombiyuta kunge kwakatanga uye-digit-kukwanisa matatu date kuchengetwa, rinonzi tritium. Vanogona kutora tsika zvitatu: 0 - mudziyo chinhu, 1 - mudziyo akazadzwa nechepakati uye 2 - rizere chinzvimbo. Zvisinei, mashoko binary maitiro kwainyanya nyore uye musoro, saka, vakagamuchira zvakati akakurumbira zvikuru.

Vangani matomu imwe byte kare?

Kare, zvakanga zvisingaiti kutaura kuti chokwadi vangani matomu imwe byte. Pakutanga munhu byte kunzwisisa muchina shoko, i.e. uwandu matomu izvo kombiyuta anogona kubata imwe vanoshanda kutenderera (wachi kutenderera). Kana kombiyuta hakusati akaiswa mumahofisi, microprocessors siyana akashanda bytes pamusoro inosiyana. Byte ingasanganisira 6 matomu, apo yemashoko IBM rokutanga saizi yayo rinosvika 9 matomu.

Nhasi, 8-ikakuruma bytes zvazova chinowanzoitwa kuti kunyange tsanangudzo byte Zvinowanzotaurwa kuti chairema mashoko zvinosanganisira 8 matomu. Zvisinei, munyika dzinoverengeka architectures bytes vakaenzana 32 matomu uye anoshumira muchina shoko. architectures kwakadaro zvinoshandiswa dzimwe supercomputers uye chiratidzo processors, asi kwete pamusoro dzose makombiyuta edu, Laptops uye maserura.

Sei akakunda masere-mureza?

BYTES vawana masere saizi chikuva kuburikidza IBM PC pamwe yakakurumbira panguva imwe 8-ikakuruma processor Intel 8086. The Kupararira muenzaniso uyu vakabatsira kuti chokwadi kuti vari kwema1970. 8 matomu por byte kutotadzisa kuva mwero ukoshi.

Masere ikakuruma mwero iri nyore nokuti kunoita kuti kuchengeta 1 byte vaviri vatambi vari grade ino. Apo 6-ikakuruma hurongwa inogona kuchengetwa chete digit, nepo 2 nematomhu vari wandisa. The 9 matomu anogona kunyorwa 2 nhamba, asi yasara imwe imwe wedzeredzei. The nhamba 8 isimba maviri kuti zvinowedzera nyore rechitatu.

Kushandiswa matomu uye bytes

vanozvishandisa vazhinji kushamisika: sei varege kusanganisa matomu uye bytes? Danho rokutanga kuti kuteerera zviri zvakanyorwa notation rakapfupikiswa byte zvakanyorwa mune setsamba guru "B" (mu Chirungu - "B"). Saka, itsamba duku "B" ( "b") kuratidza wedzeredzei.

Zvisinei, nguva dzose pane mukana wokuti mazita anosarudzwa kururama (somuenzaniso, vamwe zvirongwa zvose rugwaro rezasi kana huyo nyaya kwaita kutendeuka). Muchiitiko chino, unofanira kuziva kuti kazhinji akayera mu matomu, uye kuti - mune bytes.

Setsika, anoyera uwandu bytes: kukura zvakaoma dhisiki, nokupenya Zvifambiso uye mumwe svikiro chichange raanotaura BYTES, uye Integrated zviyero, zvakadai gigabytes.

Nematomhu rakashandiswa zvazvingava chipimo. Kuwanda kwemashoko kuti inopfuura gwara nokukurumidza Indaneti uye zvichingodaro. N. akayera mu matomu uye rinobva zviyero, zvakadai megabits. Download kumhanya mafaira dziri nguva dzose mukuita matomu.

Kana kutsvakwa, iwe kushandurira nematomhu kupinda bytes kana vakutarisire. Zvaringana kuyeuka matomu vangani vari byte, uye kuita nyore masvomhu. Nematomhu vari dzikwanise bytes kuburikidza kuparadzanise parutivi sere, shanduro rinoitwa pachishandiswa chokuwanziridza maererano chete nhamba.

Chii muchina shoko?

Machine shoko - ndiwo mashoko akanyorwa ndangariro muchitokisi. Zvinomirira kunonyanyisa kutevedzana mashoko zviumbu inokurukurwa somunhu chikwata.

Shoko kureba anoenderana Judhasi processor, izvo kwenguva refu akanga akaenzana 16 matomu. makombiyuta Most ano zviri 64 matomu, kunyange panewo mapfupi (32-yati), uye yakareba muchina mashoko. Panyaya iyi, nhamba nematomhu achiumba muchina shoko, nguva dzose vakawanda masere uye hunogona kungoparara vatendeukira bytes.

Nokuti imwe shoko kombiyuta kureba kuzochinja uye inoreva nhamba dzinokosha zvechadenga "simbi".