Mhando Basic uye mhando pombi, unhu hwavo

It akadana hydraulic pombi mudziyo kuti kubvisa kana kubuda nevezera ichifamba Urume kuburikidza mashoko zvokunze nayo kinetic kana zvinogona simba.

Types dzemvura pombi vari kuzivikanwa kwavo huripo zvekushandisa parameters, izvo zvinosanganisira:

• uwandu mvura iyo kunoita pombi paminiti chikwata nguva;
• dzakabudirira kumanikidzwa kana kunonyanyisa kumanikidzwa;
• kunyatsoshanda;
• simba.

Nhoroondo kuvamba

The Mhando pombi kutanga akazviratidza 1st remakore BC. e. Vakabatsira nokudzima moto. Zvisinei, kusvikira muzana remakore rechi18. vakadaro mano anoshandiswa chaizvo kashoma.

Zvose zvakachinja pashure nokugadzirwa pamusoro hwemvura injini uye kuwedzera kudiwa mvura. Various siyana pombi vakatanga kutsiva mvura vachisimudza mano uye vari kushandiswa mumabasa evanhu. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvinodiwa pamusoro hydraulic zvigadziriswe vari kuva siyana. With kukura unyanzvi pfungwa uye achidonongodza mhando chikuru pombi. Ava vaisanganisira reciprocating, muhombe uye muchina, pasina kutamira kushanda miviri.

Mberi mune zvesainzi zvakakonzera kuti kunongova dzakawanda akasiyana pombi iripo nhasi. Zvavari, chii chinangwa chavo chikuru, isu munyaya ino.

Household uye mumaindasitiri hydraulic michina

Pari huripo mhando pombi dzakasiyana kupatsanura. Mumwe wavo chokuita kutsanangurwa kushanda vakadaro mano uye anosarudza mumwe neimba uye maindasitiri. The rokutanga michina iyi inoshandiswa tsvina, kudziyisa uye mvura iri dzinogarwa uye maindasitiri musha.

Industrial pombi kurehwa kushandiswa ne siyana hurongwa uye zvivako. Vari inoshandiswa achipa mvura uye mafuta kupomba nehasha zvinhu, uyewo mamwe zviito zhinji dzakananga.

Positive misha pombi

Chimwe kupatsanura pakati hydraulic michina inorangarira magadzirirwo dzavo zvinhu uye kushanda. Api pombi iyi nyaya, ndivo chikuru? Hazvina-dimensional matatu uye simba hydraulic michina.

Wokutanga wavo kushanda muviri kamuri. Under nezvaizoitwa kufurirwa mauto yomuka nayo zvichisiyana bhuku, iyo inotungamira rokumanikidzirwa misha mumiririri.

All pombi misha (mifananidzo, mhando tiri kufunga) yakagadzirirwa kununura viscous zvinwiwa. Nheyo kushanda zvakadaro mano inobva kuchinja simba. Zvinonzi chinopfuudzwa kubva injini kusvika Urume.

Positive misha pombi dzakakwirira-kumanikidzwa. In basa ravo rimwe vibration guru kunoitika, nokuti idzo richipedza mudziyo anoiswa pamusoro hombe chawo. Zvisinei, kunakisa pombi izvi riri kwete chete nesimba ravo dzakakwirira. mano kwakadaro vanokwanisa rakaoma Absorção de Água.

The Mhando zvakanaka misha pombi

Kune siyana mano umo kushanda muviri chinhu kamera. Pakati pavo vane dzakabatana vakadaro:

1. Michina. It Pumps kuva wakaiswa pokugara umo vari akanyudzwa Vanes, mashizha, uye nezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana. misha fluid iri nyaya hunoita kuti kwebasa rotors.
2. Gear. Ndicho nyore mhando pombi pamwe kumanikidzwa misha. mano izvi kufambisa uwandu hwemvura iri muitiro kuchinja rachulis in interlinked.
3. Impeller. Kana munhu anotarisa pombi yakadaro disassembled, tinogona kuona impeller mashizha ayo akagadzirwa kwakavharwa nenyama zvinhu. It riri mukati eccentric muviri. Chii chinoitika apo basa zano rakadaro? The mashizha Vanokunga uye tenderera, kuti misha Urume.
4. Cam. In pombi izvi zvichiitika yakazvimirira vachishandisa kutenderera rotors mbiri, uye kuti kunoita mvura kufamba kuburikidza kubudiswa yomukati. Cam zvigadziriswe vari zvinowanzoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu nomukaka zvigadzirwa, zvinodhaka, mumigwagwa yakawandisa motokari uye zvichingodaro. D. Zvose izvi nemhaka kugona kwavo kupomba mvura rine inclusions makuru. Uyewo, uyu mhando pombi rinoshandiswa neindasitiri inogadzira mishonga.
5. Peristaltic. pombi chikuru kushanda izvi chikamu chinhu multilayer anonzwisisa ruoko rakagadzirwa elastomer. Kana injini ari mudziyo yakadaro kuti tenderera nomubato pamwe rollers. Ivo clamped ruoko, kufambisa Urume kufamba, iri mukati maro.
6. Screw. Kana pombi iyi paiiswa yakagadzirwa elastomer stator. Zviri resimbi rotor ane helical chimiro. Sei muchiitiko ichi chichange kupomba Urume? Pashure akatendeuka pamusoro injini rotor anotanga tenderera, kuchinja vhoriyamu yomunyika in. Kana izvi zvaitika uye nemvura misha.

simba pombi

Nokuti mano izvi, dzinoratidzwa kaviri kusanduka simba. Pakutanga, iye hwakatamisirwa mvura iri kinetic chimiro. Kana chinjwa ichi mukati pombi anowedzera ayo chokubuda nokukurumidza. Uyezve, pane zvishomanana kutendeutsa simba nemvura ari kunofambira mberi chimiro. Kana ichi kuerera zvazvingava shoma kuwedzera kuvafurira. mano kwakadaro, kusiyana hombe, havagoni kubereka yakaoma kubvisa.

Michina hydraulic michina

Funga mhando guru pombi. Vakawanda ivava ndivo Centrifugal namano. pombi aya anoshandiswa kugoverwa inopisa kana kutonhora mvura, uyewo kupomba nehasha uye viscous zvinwiwa, tsvina mvura uye wemisanganiswa kwemvura gang, pasi, peat uye zvakafanana. D.

Sei basa Centrifugal pombi? Zvayaiva pakati kutenderera impeller mashizha, nemvura inoramba anobudiswa neZvapupu kwayo kinetic simba. Saka pane Centrifugal simba. Iye kunoita nemvura mberi kupinda injini redzimba. basa iri kunoitika nguva dzose nemhaka kufurirwa, iyo kunovimbisa dzose dziripo emura itsva pombi inoramba.

Maererano chinangwa Centrifugal pombi dzinoiswa mu:

• anoshandiswa chafariz simba miriwo kushanda midziyo;
• nokuti siyana rwokugadzira zvinangwa.

mhando Centrifugal pombi, boka rokutanga chii? Mano kushandiswa achiparadzira mvura, akakamurwa anotengeswa uye recirculation. Pumps vari akagadzawo kuti kupisa, akakamurwa bhaira uye nomumbure. Paunogadzirira nokunwa mvura inoshandiswa condensate Centrifugal pombi uye servo Motors munyika dzichifura chiutsi turbines - jekiseni.

Izvo mano inoshandiswa siyana maindasitiri zvinangwa? Zviri kwemarudzi aya Centrifugal pombi sezvo basa, moto, abudise uye zvakafanana. D.

Recently kwave zviitiko itsva yakadaro namano. Pakati pavo vane zvikuru dzakakurumbira jecha Centrifugal pombi. Ivo inoshandiswa kupomba pamusoro slurries. Ndokusaka pombi aya kuiswa munzvimbo pane jecha mumvura, uyewo zvose zvamarudzi nezvishoma ose maindasitiri mavambo.

Swirl hydraulic mudziyo

Izvi pombi simba maitiro akafanana Centrifugal, asi, kusiyana navo, vane zvishoma uremu uye miganhu. Pakati zvikanganiso zviri vortex pombi nekusiyanisa yakaderera kunyatsoshanda, izvo oparesheni idukusa gumi muzana. Uyezve, zvirongwa zvakadaro havakwanisi kupomba mvura ine hasha nezvimedu, sezvo inotungamirira nokukurumidza kusakara yomunyika zvikamu.

Jet hydraulic mudziyo

pombi izvi, mukusiyana vazhinji dzimwe michina akafanana havagoni pave overpressure panguva nzira yokubudisa. Pfungwa dzavo nokushanda ipfupi kuti kuchinja zvinogona simba kupinda kinetic nesimba Urume. Panyaya iyi, kuti ndege pombi haana kubvongodzwa nhengo. The inokosha anoshanda mashandiro ari mano ichi mhando - mvura kana gasi jeti.

pombi kwakadaro kungava mvura ndege (semuenzaniso, hydroelevators). In izvi kushanda Urume anotamisa ayo kinetic simba kune pumped fuma. Pakati jeti pumps ikoko uye airlifts. Ivo compressor akapa pressurized mhepo. Uyezve mvura muvhenganiswa nechido vachisimudza simba mhepo matema.

Water pombi

mano aya vane nhamba kwazvakaita. Asi kunyanya, nyanzvi patsanura kwavari aida. Somuenzaniso, zvinotevera mhando pombi yemvura:

• Achiparadzira kushandiswa kumanikidzira Urume mumhepo kutonhodza mugadziriro, mvura inopisa wedzerai uye kudziyisa;
• mvura waigona zvakakodzera dzokubvisa mvura kubva mumatsime uye matsime dziri mumvura uye pemvura;
• Abudise kushandiswa kupomba mvura mumatsime, sewers uye mudzimba.

Mhando pombi kuti pose-mhando mvura nyanzvi vakakamurwa pamusoro kushandiswa:

• pressurization;
• mvura inotonhora;
• ukabvisa hurongwa.

Kusarudza pombi, mifananidzo, unhu, uye dzimwe parameters ari mudziyo inofanira kufungwa nezvake, zvichienderana kwavaienda. Saka, dzimwe nguva muchina vachafanira kushanda kumira-oga runyararo. Uye mune zvimwe zviitiko, ayo kuwana simba nerubatsiro zvicharangarirwa.

Ndokusaka pane mhando dzakadai mvura pombi kuti vanomhanya pamusoro pezviri combustion injini. Dzinonzi motokari pombi. Zvisinei, vari akakamurwa peturu uye Diesel. Pane magetsi pombi. basa ravo kunobva pachido romugove voltage.

Zvisinei, chikuru kupatsanura pombi kuri tsanangudzo nzvimbo anogara hama kuti romugove kunobva. Pasi pfungwa iyi, uye vari akakamurwa nechepamusoro uye rikanyuramo. Ngatimboongororai izvi mano zvizere.

pamusoro pombi

mano aya zvinowanzoshandiswa anamapako, nyika dzimba uye nyika dzimba. Kushandiswa kuwedzera kuita iri mvura hurongwa, uyewo kudiridzwa uye nyika kudiridza. Uchibatsirwa wavo kusimudza mvura mumatsime uye akazaruka reservoirs dzinongoda ari chinhambwe mamita masere kubva pombi akabatana.

Kune mhando dzakawanda mano izvi. Somuenzaniso, maererano nzira kupomba yemvura munyika mudziyo dzinoiswa vakapinda vortex uye dhiramu, abudise uye kufamba kweropa, uyewo kunyaradzana (Centrifugal). Chinonyanya akakurumbira pakati truckers richagara mhando mbiri. zvidzidzo ava nyore kushandisa, chiine mari, uye kana unobatanidza navo chaizvo kushandisa michina hurongwa anogamuchira zvizere chiteshi.

Pamusoro pombi ine zvinotevera:

1. Hosipaipi. mhando iyi aquifer nzira kubva pane yakananga mvura yaunodya kuti pombi uye zvadaro pfungwa mharadzano nemvura gadziriro, kana kuti kuzochera.
2. Ejector. Izvi mudziyo unokosha chinangwa kuvandudza kuerera uye kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu pombi nokuwedzera kuti kubvisa udzamu.
3. Housing. Its kazhinji yakagadzirwa rinoumba nezvinhu, vakakanda simbi, aruminiyamu kana Stainless simbi. Apo chikwata rose gore, muchando muviri inoda kudzivirirwa nechando.
4. Engine. Zvingava kuva womukati combustion kana yemagetsi. All kunobva mhando pombi.

achiparadzira pombi

mhando iyi pamusoro zviumbu chinhu yakagozha mudziyo. Vari kazhinji kushandiswa zvionera kudziyisa enyika chibharo kwebasa mvura iri namahwindo redunhu uye tiine tembiricha kugara mairi.

By design, vane dzimba ine simbi yakavakwa muna kana zvedongo rotor uye mugodhi chete mashizha.

Marudzi anotevera wokufambisa pumps kuti nhasi:

• ne "nyoro" rotor;
• ne "wakaoma" rotor.

Wokutanga kwavo kushanda noiseless, mari, zvakachipa uye nyore kushandisa. kushanda chaikosha ravo inovakwa kuitira kuti mvura iyo kugonyesa nhengo dzose uye panguva imwe chete inotonhodza injini. Asi zvidzidzo izvi ane zvinonyatsooneka kuvamirira. Chokwadi ndechokuti kana nemvura riparadzirwe kugumiswa kungaita motokari overheating. Uyezve, kushanda zvakanaka vezvikwata dzakadaro yakaderera chaizvo.

mhando dzose kupisa pombi kuparadzirwa mhando, aine "wakaoma" rotor vane yakavakwa muna kurudza. injini yavo zvayakaita kure pamvura zvokunwa. Muchiitiko chino, lubrication pazvose zvikamu rinoitwa pamwe girisi.

Uyewo, pombi aya akakamurwa:

• vakatasva, umo injini akasiyana Hull;
• monoblock, sezvamakaropafadzwa dzimba uye injini uyewo vakaparadzana asi vari panguva iyoyo mumwe misa;
• Inline-pombi kuti zvakasiyana yapfuura vaviri ayo kuvimbika mukuru.

Submersible pombi

zvidzidzo kwakadaro kunokosha mune avo zviitiko apo mvura akaturikidzana vari rakachengetedzwa pagungano kudzika runopfuura 8 m. Submersible pumps iri akatura kupinda wellbore pamwe kumanikidzwa nyere. Uyezve, pasi kumanikidza wakadenha hydraulic mudziyo, mvura anopinda imba.

mhando dzose submersible pombi mukuru-waivako, uyezve, vane runziro uye yepamusoro kutonhora. Maererano mudziyo wayo zvemukati Submersible pombi dzinoiswa mu:

• Centrifugal, umo mvura iri zvayaitenderera paguyo pamwechete impeller mashizha uye zvokudya kubva pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa;
• vibration, umo mvura wefodya nokuda vibration uye remagetsi mashandiro.

pombi kwakadaro panofanira kuva casing, injini uye chinja. The abudise uye sewerage Pombi anowedzera yakaiswa rimwe Chopper kana macerator chakagadzirirwa kurambidza mvura riri nezvishoma kuti vari kupfuura 5 cm.

Hydro-hwokugadzira moto-kurwisa midziyo

Kuti pombi zvinoshandiswa localization moto, anokosha zvinodiwa. Kubva zvavo zvakagadzirwa zvakaisvonaka uye michina parameters nayo hunoenderana kubudirira moto kurwa.

Ndezvipi marudzi akasiyana moto pombi? Zvose zvinoenderana richipedza ezvinhu. Saka, moto injini akaisa chairema Centrifugal mhando. Vanoshanda ukabvisa nevasori pasina pulsations regai kuwedzera kumanikidzwa pa zalomke kana marara moto hosipaipi, nyore uye hwakavimbika ichishanda.

Zvinokoshawo kuti Centrifugal pombi akatasva moto injini regai zvinoda yakaoma motor-nemhepo uye vane vade uremu uye miganhu. Zvisinei, muzvikamu izvi vane zvimwe payakaipira. Havana kukwanisa vakazvimirira kuswedera Urume uye akagadzirira kushanda chete pashure pacho uzere mvura kubvisa mutsetse.

Ndezvipi zvimwe mhando moto pombi? Izvi hwebetsero dzakabatana. Naivowo moto kumotokari. Ebetsero pombi kubvumira kuti vazadze muviri mhango ane Centrifugal mashandiro uye kubvisa hosipaipi nemvura. Ndokusaka basa ravo riri pfupi. vari akochonorwa pashure kutanga Centrifugal pombi. Ebetsero mano vaishandisa aggregates nezvimwe muhombe mhando.

pombi mafuta

mano aya akagadzirirwa kuderedza kukweshera mauto pakati zvinofamba zvikamu injini. Ose pombi mafuta vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri. Wokutanga vavo chinjika. In pombi zvakadaro, kumanikidza anodzokororwa kugara nokuda siyana unongotaura. Chechipiri mhando pombi mafuta - unregulated. Ivo tiine kugara kumanikidzwa, asi chete tichibatsirwa nezvinodzvinyirira kuderedza vharafu. Most injini ano vari pamwechete ne pombi, wakaiswa mhando.

Zvidzidzo nokuti kupomba mafuta uye dzinoiswa maererano maumbirwo dzavo. Ivo:

• kukura giya, yakarongwa dzimba pamwe nokufambisa uye vadzingwa giya;
• muhombe.

Mune wokutanga mhando idzi mbiri mano mafuta anopinda redzimba apo entrained rachulis. Uyezve, kuburikidza zvinoyerera vharuvhu ndanogara hurongwa.

Chokupika pombi akadaro maererano kakawanda iyo crankshaft rotates. Mushure kumanikidzwa mumafuta buditsa chikwata kwazvo mumwe muganhu, basa anopinda kumanikidza achidzikisa vharuvhu. Chobudira mumwe mugove mafuta pamusoro chipande kubvisa kana crankcase.

Kana muhombe pombi, vanogona kuva vaviri ane yatarwa uye chinjika kuzvidzora. Mhando vezvikwata izvi kutanga ane yokutyaira uye nemhepo rotors kuti anoiswa mukati cabinet. zvikamu izvi inoshandiswa chokunyengera mafuta inoyerera kupinda hurongwa. Uyezve, sezvo giya pombi kutamira mashoko rinovhura kumanikidzwa achidzikisa vharuvhu.

Michina pombi ane chinjika kuzvidzora, kupa kugara achishanda kumanikidzwa, izvo hakubvi pane rotational nokukurumidza pamusoro crankshaft. Kuti dzika basa iri anopiwa muna Kugadzirisa chitubu chinjwa stator. The dzose kushanda kumanikidza ari kunotangira kusandura Vhoriyamu mhango riri pakati nemotokari uye vadzingwa rotors.

chinotsva pombi

zvidzidzo ava zvinokosha, risingagoni kushanda pasina womukati injini. chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechokudzibatsira kununura peturu kana Diesel kubva tangi kusvika combustion yomukati.

Mumwe kana miviri mafuta pombi - zviri fanira zvokushandisa motokari nerimwe. zvidzidzo izvi basa, nheyo iri zvikurukuru novimba unhu kwezvinhu zvavo. Ndezvipi marudzi akasiyana huni pombi? The chikuru vaviri. Ivo:

1. Zvokuimba mafuta pombi. mudziyo Ichi chikamu kabhureta injini. chinhu chaiwo pisitoni pombi mu nepurani yayo. The chikuru mativi chikwata - a pekugara muzvikamu zviviri, kuti diaphragm uye mbiri mavharuvhu kuti achipa uye kugamuchira mafuta.
2. Electric. Izvi mhando muchina anowana kushandiswa kwayo muna peturu injini pamwe yoga mafuta jekiseni. Electric akagadza kana zvakananga tangi kana nzvimbo chinotsva. Yainyanya kushandiswa submersible mafuta edunhu. Vari akaisa mujinga pasi tangi. Uyewo, mhando mafuta pakuyerera dzemagetsi pombi vari rakakamurwa Centrifugal, giya uye rotor.

marudzi mazhinji pombi, uye zvose zvakadai namano vari zvinowanzoshandiswa imwe nzvimbo.