Mhuka uye inowanzorimwa zvinomera. Omnivores inowanzorimwa uye mamiriro avo. Sezvo chakatorwa miti murenje

Inowanzorimwa - mubatanidzwa zvinoshamisa okunze uye kuyevedza yakanaka. It captivates norunako kwayo uye yakakura expanses ose nenjodzi. Inogona kuva refu tarisisa kure uye kuona chete anokunyengedzera kanyika zvikomo pedyo. mhuka Unique uye inowanzorimwa zvirimwa, ivo rakanaka, kwete chete-siyana kwemarudzi, asiwo avo kukwanisa kuchinja upenyu mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiyo kwakadaro. Inowanzorimwa - nyika chaiyo, kudzidza upenyu umo vakazvitsaurira basa masayendisiti akawanda.

Mundima inowanzorimwa

The mamiriro ezvinhu paumbwe inowanzorimwa mune imwe nzvimbo zvimwe kuzorodzwa uye zvimwe kuona okunze kuti kukonzera kushomeka hwevhu. nzira iyi inogona ainawo gore, kana kuonekwa chete mune mimwe mwaka. Somugumisiro ichi chikamu mune inowanzorimwa uswa rinowanika zvichida mangwanani yechirimo apo pasi mvura kuramba muvhu udzamu, kana mune yokunaya, iyo, kunyange havasi zvakasiyana yakawanda kwemvura, asi vanokwanisa kupa zvinomera nounyoro. Dzimwe kasvisto zvinogona dzakashandisa zvachose kuvapo mumamiriro ezvinhu ose rokushaya mvura. Saka inowanzorimwa mapazi - imwe nzvimbo ine imwe mhando zvinomera, kunyanya uswa nechipiriso. Forest nzvimbo kana kuti dziri munzvimbo dzakaderera, apo nokuda chando accumulations kupa kwakawedzera hwevhu. Kunze dzakaderera, akadai nzizi, mamiriro kuti chidzoke yedondo vasisipo, sezvo ivhu munzvimbo iyi zvakare akaoma. Mune subtropical ezvinhu mugwenga kuonekwe nemiti.

Inowanzorimwa nzvimbo dzinogona kuwanikwa mumakondinendi ose kunze Antarctica akarurama. Ivo dziri munzvimbo yacho pakati masango uye dzine gwenga. Inowanzorimwa nzvimbo yakaumbwa mukati subtropical uye vakadzikama zvikamu zvose hemispheres. Nevhu murenje - zviri runonyanya ivhu dema. In rwezasi unogona kuwana Chestnut nevhu uye munyu marshes.

Mugore, iyo inowanzorimwa mapazi, zvinomera uye mhuka izvo nguva dzose vanoda mwando, anogamuchira anenge 400 mm kuti kunonaya. Zvisinei, munguva kwemvura kunonaia kwazvo kashoma, nokuti gore vhoriyamu kwavo vanogona kusvika 200 mm. Zvichienderana nenzvimbo nzvimbo uwandu mwando steppes zvinosiyana zvikuru mumwaka neimwe. Kumadokero munzvimbo kunonaya zvakaenzana zvakaenzana ne mwedzi. Nechokumabvazuva iri pakutsvaga shoma huwandu kunonaya panguva yechando uye vakawanda sevanobvira muzhizha.

Zvikuru vanokwanisa kuchinja kuti akaoma ezvinhu oupenyu mugwenga wakanyatsoumbwa pachisikirwo nemhuka uye miriwo steppes of Kazakhstan. In ichi dzisinganayi nharaunda, avhareji yegore negore kunonaya zviri 279 mm. In nyoro gore rino anogona ukwire navo 576 neMM, uye anogamuchira mm 135 chete munguva yakaoma. Kazhinji pashure mupfumi mvura, zviri zvikuru gore rakaoma.

Okunze mugwenga

Munguva inowanzorimwa mune unopinza nokufamba ari tembiricha, zvichienderana zvose pamusoro mwaka uye nguva zuva. Inowanzorimwa nemhuka kuvimba kunonyanya kuchinja izvi. Summer mugwenga rapisa chaizvo, chichipenya zuva. Paavhareji tembiricha iri July kumadokero chikamu Europe pakati 21 uye 26 madhigirii. Kumabvazuva mutengo wayo rinosvika 26 inegumi. In Mumatsutso tembiricha anotanga kusiyira zvikuru kutonhora. Kumabvazuva dziri inowanzorimwa chando zvinoratidzika pakuguma October. Black Sea wenyika dzakawanda, ari manyoro okunze ayo, akafukidza chando mukupera November. Naizvozvo, vapenyu vose munzvimbo idzi vanokwanisa zviripo nezvimwewo mamiriro ekunze, akadai herbaceous miti inowanzorimwa nemishonga kwete chete kune nzara, asiwo kune simba frosts.

Kazhinji, miganhu yacho Spring uye Autumn in inowanzorimwa ezvinhu akaoma chaizvo kuona. Izvi imhaka huru musiyano pakati mhepo tembiricha masikati uye usiku. Mugumo September, kusiyana ava raidudzwa chaizvo oscillation amplitude anogona kusvika 25 inegumi. Zvakazara kuti yechando yava yaserera, zvinokwanisika kuburikidza kutarira inowanzorimwa miti. Muchirimo, nemhaka waibvira zuva nenyika, kunyorova mushure chando inonyunguduka, nyika ivo zvinozadzisa mavara dhende. Large tembiricha musiyano iri kuchengetwa nenguva dzakasiyana. Extreme tembiricha mugwenga mune chirimo +5 inegumi, uye muchando unogona inodonha kusvika -50. Saka, mugwenga zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe okunze munyika dzine, akadai gwenga, kunonyanyisa akaona tembiricha nokufamba.

Chakanangana inowanzorimwa uye zvachinja mamiriro okunze ari mumwe chete nguva gore. A kungoerekana nyungudika aigona kutanga muna April kana November uye pakati inopisa zhizha auya wakaomarara chando Snap. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, asi inowanzorimwa nemhuka vanofanira kufadza kutsungirira uye anokosha unhu kuvatendera kujairana okunze variability.

The nzizi inowanzorimwa

Large renguva kuerera nenzizi steppes - husiri nyore kuwana. A duku rivulet akaoma kubata nadzo kudaro nezvimwewo ekunze, vanokurumidza kuoma. Nzira bedzi vamutsidzirwezve - makore mupfumi inorema kunaya. Summer mvura kunogona huwandu mvura munzizi kupwa, kana chete hatisi kutaura pamusoro inopfunha. Asi refu kwematsutso inonaya kuramba kwemavhiki, unogona kuwedzera conductivity nzizi duku. izvi zvose zvinoomesa upenyu mhuka murenje, izvo dzakasiyana kujairana mvura chishoma. nokuda refu mapazi midzi zvinopfuura ivhu kuti mukuru kudzika For inowanzorimwa zvinomera dzinoratidzwa apo kunyange nzara anogona kuramba kunyorova.

The chete nguva apo kunyange anenge aomesa nzizi tinoshandurirwa simba wokuunga dzemvura, ichi chitubu nenzizi. jeti mvura, anotinhwa pamusoro inowanzorimwa, kuparara ivhu. Zvinoita izvi kushayikwa masango, nokukurumidza utsotso pasi inopisa zuva ari inowanzorimwa kwechando kurima.

Water inowanzorimwa samambure zvinosiyana zvichienderana ayo nzvimbo. inowanzorimwa rwokushanyira nyika muna Europe rakapinda neboka richikurukura nzizi duku uye nomutoo kadikidiki. On nyika Western kweSiberia uye steppes of Kazakhstan ane cheni madziva maduku. On nzvimbo Siberian-Kazakhstan inowanzorimwa mumwe masumbu yenyika pakukura enyeredzi. Ivo pamusana anenge 25 zviuru. Pakati makungwa aya pane madziva pamwe chero mwero mineralization: yakachena, mira wakawanda, shungu uye wakawanda mvura.

Kusiyana of inowanzorimwa nharaunda

In ose enyika inowanzorimwa chine pachake zvachiri. mhuka siyana uye zvirimwa inowanzorimwa mumakondinendi siyana. In Eurasia, nharaunda ine maitiro nzvimbo inonzi steppes. Areas pamwe inowanzorimwa zvinomera North America ndiyo chinzvimbo yacho Prairie. In South America, dzinonzi pampas, mu New Zealand rinonzi tussokami inowanzorimwa. Mumwe nomumwe zvikamu izvi akasiyana mhando okunze kuziva chaiyo chirimwa uye mhuka marudzi kuti varipo mundima.

Pampa chinonyanya chakajairika kuArgentina. Ndiwo subtropical inowanzorimwa mugove ane Continental ekunze. Summer mu izvi inopisa dzoga, avhareji tembiricha anoda kubva 20 kusvika 24 inegumi. Zvishoma nezvishoma anova yechando nyoro vs. zvakanaka tembiricha 6 10 inegumi. Kumabvazuva Chikamu Pampa muArgentina nezvi- mwando, rimwe gore pano chinowa 800 kusvika 950 mm mvura. Western chikamu Argentine Pampas anogamuchira kunayisa muna 2 nguva duku. Pampa muArgentina - imwe nzvimbo yakaorera chernozem nevhu, yakatsvukuruka kana ndachena mashava. Nokuda kwaizvozvi ndiwo hwaro kukura zvokurima uye mhuka minda munyika.

Prairies pamusoro North America akafanana ari okunze kuti steppes pamusoro Eurasia. The kunonaya munzvimbo pakati Deciduous dondo uye zvakananga Prairie iri vanenge 800 mm. Kuchamhembe, izvozvo ipfupi kusvika 500 neMM, uye kumaodzanyemba kusvika 1000. Mumakore akaoma, kunonaya ipfupi pedyo muzvina. Winter tembiricha Prairie zvinosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana Latitude kuti apo zviri Prairie nharaunda. Nechokumaodzanyemba mativi muchando tembiricha Kazhinji hazvina kudzika pane 0 madhigirii, uye kuchamhembe latitudes isvike kwayo zvishoma - madhigirii 50.

Mune steppes New Zealand, akadana tussokami, kunayisa mugore anowira zvishomanana, dzimwe nguva kusvika 330 mm. Nzvimbo idzi - mumwe driest, namarudzi okunze, akafanana Semi-murenje.

Mhuka neshiri inowanzorimwa

Muna inowanzorimwa, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu hasha uye nezvimwewo, pemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana mhenyu. inowanzorimwa mapazi ose Eurasia musha anenge 90 mhando mhuka. Chetatu nhamba iyi rinowanikwa chete murenje, mhuka vasara vakatamira kunzvimbo idzi kubva pedyo nzvimbo Deciduous uye gwenga nyika. mhuka zvose zvinoshamisa kujairana noupenyu zvakasiyana okunze uye noshamisa yakanaka. Inowanzorimwa dzinoratidzwa yokuwanda kurarama nemakonzo mairi. Izvi zvinosanganisira pasi squirrels, hamsters, voles, mbeva, gerbils, uye vamwe vakawanda. Vazhinji mugwenga uye zviduku zvikara: makava, ferrets, weasels, Martens. Well dzakashandisa mamiriro ezvinhu inowanzorimwa Climate omnivores inowanzorimwa - urchins.

Kuwedzera mhuka, akawana chete murenje, pane dzimwe specimens shiri, uyewo nemamwe munzvimbo iyi. Zvisinei, havasi kwazvo, uye kurima kunotungamirira kwavo zvishoma nezvishoma kunyangarika. Muna inowanzorimwa bustard upenyu, munyika yedu, inogona kuonekwa Trans-Baikal uye Saratov nharaunda, uye shoma bustard, izvo zvinowanikwa kumaodzanyemba Urals, kuMiddle uye Lower Volga. Pamberi kurima nyika iri inowanzorimwa mapazi aigona kusangana demoiselle Crane uye ndachena musoro hwari. Pari shiri idzi kubata meso omunhu kwazvo kashoma.

pane yakawanda pazvikara pakati peshiri ari inowanzorimwa. Ava shiri guru: inowanzorimwa gondo, gora, chinyamudzura, gora. Uyewo vamiririri shiri duku: hawks, norukodzi, kestrel.

Zvakafadza muchiimba kwavo inowanzorimwa larks, lapwings, ibwe curlew. Vazhinji eshiri kuti vararame nemafashamo munyika dzine pamusoro miganhu Deciduous dondo kana pedyo ine makungwa nenzizi, vakatamira munyika inowanzorimwa mapazi yomudondo.

The zvachose vagari steppes - zvinokambaira

Inowanzorimwa nzvimbo hazvibviri kufungidzira pasina kutora chikamu chacho reptilian upenyu. mhando dzavo, havasi vazhinji kwazvo, asi zvinokambaira ava chinokosha pamusoro inowanzorimwa.

Mumwe chakajeka vamiririri inowanzorimwa zvinokambaira - zheltobryuhy mumhanyi. Zviri anenge maviri meter, asi mukobvu uye nyoka huru. It kunoratidzwa rinoshamisa sehasha. Kusiyana venyoka vakawanda pamusangano murume iye haaedzi kukambaira kure nokukurumidza ndokukungurusira uye hissed kwazvo, vanorasira pachake pamusoro muvengi. Serious kukuvara mumhanyi kukonzera munhu asingagoni, inoruma havana ngozi. hondo iyi ichaguma zvinosuruvarisa, zvichida, nokuti zvikuru mumhanyi. zvinokambaira izvi somugumisiro kwayo utsinye zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga inonyangarika kubva inowanzorimwa munzvimbo.

Zheltobryuhogo mumhanyi chinogona kuoneka mabwe mawere, zvakanaka kudziyirwa muzuva. Munzvimbo dzakadaro goroondo anonzwa kupfuura hwomutambarakede uye anoda kunovhima pano.

Mumwe nyoka, kwese inowanzorimwa - nyoka. Her pokugara nokusiiwa burrows that ose nemakonzo duku. Nyoka yakadaro, kunyanya usiku uye usiku inopisa masikati maawa wenyoka basking muzuva, wakatambanudzwa pamusoro pamaware dzakatenuka. goroondo ichi haasi kutsvaka kunzwisisa murume, uye panguva pamberi pake kuedza kupukunyuka. Kana tisingazivi vanotsika pamusoro nyoka, iye pakarepo wokubata vasina mufambi, kusiya ine uturu ikaruma pamuviri wake.

The inowanzorimwa musha madzvinyu zhinji, akasiyana-siyana mavara. Izvi nimble zvinokambaira chamupupuri nhokwe kare, shimmering muzuva zvinoshamisa mavara.

Safe pokugara - nzira yokupukunyuka murenje

Properties inowanzorimwa mhuka rinotungamirirwa kuti tipone yavo ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru. Vakakwanisa kuchinja pakachena sandarara nomunzvimbo dzine, tembiricha, kusavapo hombe siyana zvokudya, mvura kwezvokudya.

Kudiwa yakachengeteka pokugara - zvanzi vakabatana zvose mhuka. inowanzorimwa mapazi vari zvakakwana kuoneka, uye mhuka duku havana kukwanisa kutiza pazvikara pasina zvakanaka pokuvanda. Sezvo vakawanda mhuka matumba inowanzorimwa vanoshandisa burrows that umo uye kupedza nguva. Nora haadziviriri ari fauna of ngozi chete, asiwo kubatsira kutiza ekunze, uri mahombekombe panopinda mhuka panguva kuhwanda. Zvaiva imomo kuti mhuka vanokura vana vavo, achidzivirira kubva chero zvekunze pangozi. Makomba anongokurukurwa zvakanaka nemakonzo vakawanda: mbeva, hamsters, voles. Vari kunyange rakaoma rakasimba muvhu, makomba dzinobviswa nyore.

Kuwedzera nemakonzo, yakachengeteka mune sandara nomunzvimbo dzine uye mhuka huru vanoshayiwa. Makava uye chamatebwe kuchera burrows that, uye vamiririri ivavo fauna of asingagoni kuchera gomba pachavo, kuedza kutora pamusoro chemumwe munhu. Yokugara makava kazhinji inova Somuenzaniso, mhumhi dzinodya, uye makuru burrows that zvevhu squirrels vagere zvikara diki - stoats uye ferrets, uye nyoka. Makomba vari achihwanda pangozi kunyange dzimwe shiri dzakadai nemhupupu nezizi. Shiri dzine matendere kuvaka zvakananga pasi, nokuti nooks uye crannies padombo kana negomba muti mugwenga chete havana kuwana.

Nemataundi aro mugomba hakushandi, nekuti tinofanira kutsvaka zvokudya. Mumwe mhuka inowanzorimwa mu Kujairana wayo chamazuva kutyisidzira pazvikara.

Vamwe vamiririri fauna of vanokwanisa kumhanya kutsanya. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvayo, tsuro, inosvetuka. Protection nzira zvakare kupendwa. Inowanzorimwa mhuka jecha jena mbava kana minhenga runovabvumira haana kumira kubva zvinokukanganisa.

Nokuti vagere inowanzorimwa mapazi kunoratidzwa boka hwokuzvarwa nahwo. Hoofed mhuka nokufurira pasi takarinda muziso mutungamiri wavo, izvo kana ngozi pakarepo kupa chiratidzo, uye nemombe ruchitedzemuka kure pachigaro. The kugomo kuchenjerera semuenzaniso, gophers. Zvino uye akatarisa, vachiongorora zviri kuitika kumativi. Kunzwa chinhu kufungira, Gopher pakarepo kuzivisa hama uye pakarepo uvande burrows that dzavo. Speed uye pakarepo maitiro rinobvumira mhuka dzakawanda kuti invulnerable kunyange hayo.

yokurwisana ekunze

Akaderedzwa mhuka uye kupisa kuchinja masikati. vibrations izvi vakatsunga mhuka basa panguva dzakasiyana. Chinonyanya akanakira shiri mangwanani ngwanani, mhuka vape- burrows that zvavo mangwanani uye manheru. Vazhinji mhuka uderedze kuvanda kubva inopisa kupenya kwezuva masikati burrows that. Kusara iri kutoti zvinokambaira kuti vanoda nhema pamusoro inopisa mabwe.

With rava kusvika chando upenyu murenje rinosvava. Vazhinji mhuka inova wakaderera ose inotonhora nguva, apo mune burrows that dzavo. Saka vakamirira chitubu gophers, hedgehogs, jerboas, nezvinokambaira uye nezvipembenene. Shiri zviremwaremwa vakasasiira dzinorara kwenguva refu muna inodziya climes. Avo nemakonzo ndiani nguva yechando, akataririra, stocking zvokudya. Hamsters vanokwanisa kuunza ayo mugomba vanoverengeka makirogiramu zvezviyo. Chidembo makonzo zvokudya yechando zvose vaunganidza pamusoro muzhizha kubudikidza chirimwa nemidzi uye acorns. Inowanzorimwa negonzo, Somuenzaniso, kazhinji haaratidzi kuti pemvura munguva yechando. Asati kutanga kuchitonhora, iye anovanda dzakadzikira ivhu makirogiramu zviyo uye kufudza kwavari yechando zvose, kuwana nzvimbo "yokuchengetera zvinhu" dendere.

The husingaperi kutsvaka mvura

Mhuka nemiti yemagwenga zvinomanikidzwa kugadzirisa kushayikwa kwemvura nguva dzose. Mumwe nomumwe anotarisana nebasa iri nenzira dzakasiyana. Ungulisa zvipenyu uye shiri dzinokwanisa kufamba marefu marefu kutsvaga tsime rekunwa. Gerbils, jerboas, pasi magweta nemamwe makonzo vanodya uswa hwakasvibirira, vachizadzikisa kuda kwavo mvura. Vavengi vanogara muhotera vanoitawo pasina mvura, sezvo vachiwana mukana wakafanira kubva kumhuka idyiwa. Chinhu chinoshamisa ndeche Kurgan neimba mice. Vanodya chete mbeu dzakasimwa yemiti, uye mvura inowanikwa nekugadzirwa kwakasiyana-siyana mumitumbi yavo ye starch yakadya.

Mhuka dzakashandurwa nekushaiwa kwekudya. Pakati pevagari vemazamu akazaruka kune avo vakawanda vanokwanisa kudya zvose zvipenyu uye zvekudya zvezvirimwa. Omnivorous steppe mhuka mhashu, hedgehogs, mamwe marudzi ezvinokambaira uye shiri dzinodya michero pamwe nezvipembenene.

Zvirimwa zvemaodzanyemba

Zvimwe zvezvirimwa zvinowanikwa mumasikirwo aya ndezvekugona kuvapo mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushayikwa kwehutu, izvo zvinotambudza kune vamiririri vazhinji vemiti. Kune marudzi mazhinji emhando yezvirimwa mumusango:

1. Raznotravnaya.

2. Fescue-feather uswa.

3. Gavakava-zviyo.

Nzvimbo dzeGreys dzinogona kuonekwa kumativi ekuchamhembe. Nekuonekwa kwemazuva ekutanga ezuva, mushure mokudzika kwechivando chechando, pane miti-yekutanga-inotumbuka yemasango-stepe uye sedges, uswa-hunotanga hunotanga kubuda. Mukati pevhiki vhiki yose inopenya nemakona endarama emuvara wemakomo. Dzimwe nguva dzichapfuura, uye nyika isati yasvika ichava muchero mutema weuswa hwakasvibirira. Iyo uswa hwakasvibirira we steppe mu spring hwakanaka chaizvo! Mumwedzi yezhizha, nharaunda yacho ichagara ichichinja maruva ayo. Iyo inogona kuvharwa nemaruva okukanganwa-ini-nots, a shamrock, chamomile. Pakazosvika pakati paJuly, apo maruva aSarvia anoonekwa, iyo steppe haigoni kuziva - inosviba ruvara rwepepuru. Mipera inoguma pakupera kwaJuly, hunyoro hwemiti hahuchina kukwana, uye hunooma.

Zvimwe zvinomera zvemahombekombe, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa kunaya, ndiyo feather grass. Izvo ndezvenzvimbo dzakanyanya kusanaya kwemvura. Nokuda kwenguva refu, branched midzi, inopinda mukati mevhu, iyo feather grasses inokwanisa kukonzera mhepo yose inowanika kubva pasi. Mashizha emuti uyu akareba, akaiswa mukati mehutu. Nemhaka yeiyo fomu, kushanduka kwakanyanya kwehunyoro kubva pamusoro pehizha kunowanikwa. Kufunganya feather uswa kunofambidzana nekuonekwa kwemaruva maduku. Chibereko chemuti wacho chinopiwa nenzira yakasiyana-siyana yemvura, iyo mbeu yemapenhesi uswa inowedzera pamakungwa marefu uye inoiswa muvhu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukanganisa uye kusunungura maronda, ayo anotorwa muvhu rakaoma, rakaoma. Nheyo-uswa ndiwo muenzaniso wakanakisisa wekuti mbeu dzakagadziriswa sei kusvika kumahombekombe. Mhepo inotakura mbeu yemiti kune makiromita mazhinji, uye, nokuda kwekukwanisa kwembeu kupinda muvhu, kune dzimwe nzvimbo nzvimbo dzakakura dzinoumbwa, dzakapoteredzwa nemapapiro uswa.

Kana zvirimwa zvinokura gore negore uye zvinopedzisira zvichioma pamagumo ezhizha, usazvicheka, humwe hutete hwemvura huri zvishoma nezvishoma huri muvhu. Izvi zvakakosha kune uswa nemaruva, izvo zvinotofanira kurwisana kuti zvivepo mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushayikwa kwehutu.

Mhuka nemiti yemiti yeRussia yakasiyana uye inoshamisa. Maonero, akakundwa nezuva rakajeka rezhizha pamusoro pekunaka uku kamwe chete, richagara kwenguva refu richiyeuka zvishamiso zvakasikwa nemasikirwo.