Mufananidzo vakuru vari nhetembo "Vakafa Mweya" (chitsauko nechitsauko)

Gogol, Pushkin panguva imwe, mabasa ake akasika munhoroondo ezvinhu akapararira munyika yedu pashure kundikana kuita pakati Decembrists muna 1825. Pamberi vatungamiriri mabhuku uye munzanga pfungwa akasimuka kunokwana itsva socio-enyika mamiriro dambudziko inowanikwa mabasa Nikolai zvakadzama Kufungisisa. Kuvakira basa rake nenhungamiro zviri dzakaoma realism, munyori akava mumwe anokosha vamiririri muitiro uyu mabhuku Russian. Maererano Belinsky, Gogol akakwanisa kutsvaka kekutanga zvakananga uye zvakanaka kuti Russian chokwadi.

Munyaya ino, isu tsanangura nzira machinda vari nhetembo "Dead Mweya".

The seboka mufananidzo vakuru

The manotsi Nikolai chokuita Vhoriyamu yokufungidzira rokutanga, ane zvinotevera mashoko: ". The akafa nokuoma upenyu" Ndiko, maererano munyori, kuti seboka mufananidzo vakuru vari nhetembo "Dead Mweya". Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa musiyano mumufananidzo dzavo muridzi. Varidzi vari pamunhu mumwe basa, asi vakuru vakuru, kusiyana, muri safadza. Unogona kuita chete seboka zvavo asian, izvo zvishoma akaparadzaniswa postmaster, mukuru wemapurisa, muchuchisi uye gavhuna.

Mazita machinda

Vanofanira kuteerera chokwadi kuti vose vanoumba mumwe seboka mufananidzo vakuru vari nhetembo "Mweya Vakafa", kwete surnames uye mazita vanonzi kakawanda zvokufananidzira uye sekesa achinzi dzimwe nguva kudzokororwa (Ivan Antonovich, Ivan A.). Vamwe vavo tinozviona chete pfupi, uye ipapo inonyangarika mune boka vamwe. Nyaya Gogol kwakaita satire yakanga isiri nzvimbo uye unhu uye magariro zvakaipa, magariro zvakatipoteredza ndicho chinangwa mufananidzo iri nhetembo.

Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa panguva pakutanga zvokufananidzira mufananidzo Ivan Antonovich, ake enyambo, unhu remadunhu- (chirongo yakagadzirwa), apo kureva nyika mhuka uye zvisiri zvinhu zvipenyu. Sezvineiwo akatsanangura dhipatimendi se "temberi Themis." Iyi inzvimbo inokosha Gogol. The Department anomiririrwa kakawanda Petersburg nyaya, umo agozviratidza somunhu Anti nyika, rudzi hero muchidimbu.

The Zvikamu kukosha nomufananidzo vakuru

Mufananidzo vakuru vari nhetembo "Vakafa Mweya" unogona kuonekwa inotevera chiitiko. Zviri pamusoro zvose "webato musha" womubati, sezvinorondedzerwa muchitsauko chokutanga; ipapo - panguva womubati bhora (chitsauko rechisere), uyewo kudya panguva mukuru wemapurisa (chegumi). Kazhinji, ari 7-10th zvitsauko anouya kuoneke ndiyo muboka revatungamiriri sechinhu mupfungwa uye nemagariro chaiyo.

Traditional motifs nomufananidzo vakuru

Unogona kuwana zvakawanda zvetsika motifs hunhu Russian satirical comedies mu Nyaya Nikolai "bureaucratic". Izvi nzira uye motifs ndeyemunguva Griboyedov uye Fonvizin. Uyewo zvikuru zvakafanana machinda amachinda guta rake "nevamwe" kubva "Inspector" basa. Typical nokuti izvi dzevanhu, nehanya, nokusarovedza. Chiokomuhomwe, servility, tsvuku tepi - pasocial zvakaipa, rakagara richidudzirwa vakaseka. Zvakakwana Ndinoyeuka anorondedzerwa mu "The jazi," nyaya "munhu chinokosha", kutya wevanoongorora akaunzi uye chido pfumbamuromo imwe chete chigadzirwa uye fufuro, unopirwa Ivanu Antonovichu muna 7th chitsauko nhetembo "Dead Mweya". Zvikuru maitiro ndiwo zvifananidzo wemapurisa, "kumupi" uye "baba" kuti akadonha muchivanze zvigaro uye mabhenji, zvose pandiri yenyu; Sachigaro Civil Chamber, zvisina chete vakasununguka kubva fufuro, asiwo vanofanira kubhadhara nyaya dzemapepa shamwari dzake; Ivan Antonovich, asina kuita chinhu pasina "mazvita".

The compositional nemamiriro nhetembo

Nhetembo pachayo inobva adventures ane mukuru (Chichikov), izvo anotenga mweya akafa. Ichi mufananidzo munhu akazvimiririra: pamusoro munyori Chichikov asiri hurukuro.

1st Vhoriyamu nemabasa ari hurongwa Gogol unoratidza siyana kunaka zvoupenyu muRussia panguva iyoyo - sezvo muboka revatungamiriri uye landlords. dzematunhu Nzanga zvose chikamu "nyika yevakafa."

The kwamagwaro anopiwa muchitsauko chokutanga, iyo anoita mufananidzo mumwe amachinda muguta. Kwose dongo, nyonganyonga, tsvina, Achiratidza yairwisana zviremera zvemo kuti vagari 'zvinodiwa. Zvadaro, pashure kushanyira Chichikov landlords, muzvitsauko 7 kusvika 10 kunorondedzerwa munhu seboka mufananidzo iyoyo Russian officialdom. In Zvikamu zvakawanda mifananidzo-siyana vakuru vari nhetembo "Dead Mweya". By chitsauko dzinogona kurondwa musana sezvo munyori ndozvavava kirasi iyi magariro.

Chii dzinobatanidza machinda Varidzi?

With mapatya muridzi vakuru sezvo Nikolai anoratidza inspirituality, makaro, muitiro parasitic kuvapo. Kwakadaro, Somuenzaniso, Ivan Antonovich, yakavhomorwa kurohwa cursory. Akagadzirira fufuro kutengesa mweya wake, vanozvikudza, Chokwadi, kuti iye ndiye ari pairi. Uye anotarisa ndokusaka, pasinei kwayo enyambo remadunhu- hakusi kusetsa, zviri zvinotyisa.

Asi kutombonaka - ndechokuti vakuru vakadaro havasi kurwadziwa. Ava hwokufananidzira vamiririri muboka revatungamiriri kuRussia. Pakati pavo nekutonga uye uori ari muboka revatungamiriri.

Kunyoresa gwaro

Pamwe chete kudzoka kuguta Chichikov tiri kuendeswa kune Court of Justice, apo gamba kuchaita ngaateme rugwaro pakutengeswa (7th chitsauko). Inoratidza pamutemo mifananidzo iri nhetembo "Vakafa Mweya" anopiwa zvikuru zvakadzama yechiitiko ichi. Gogol Sezvineiwo anoshandisa mukuru chiratidzo - temberi umo vari "vapristi Themis," asingasaruri uye isingaori. Asi zvinokanganisawo chikuru kuparadzwa uye tsvina iyi "temberi". Akatsanangura "asingakwezvi chitarisiko" Themis pakuti Zvinotora mushanyi nenzira iri nyore, "ari bathrobe."

Zvisinei, zviri nyore kunzwisisa ichi chokwadi ichichinja kuita nemaune kusateerera murayiro. Hapana ari kuenda kuita mabhizimisi, uye "vapristi Themis" (machinda) hanya chete sei kutora vashanyi mutero, kureva fufuro. Uye zvechokwadi zvakanaka ichi.

Range inoyerera mapepa, maturo, zvisinei, izvi zvose anoshumira mumwe chete chinangwa - kuvhiringidza hupoteri, zvekuti vakange vasingagoni kuita pasina rubatsiro, akapa kuti muripo, Chokwadi. Chichikov, ichi the rascal uye connoisseur pamusoro backstage remabasa, asi aitofanira kurishandisa kupinda pamberi.

Akanga kuwana zvakafanira munhu akapa kamwe chete chiokomuhomwe pachena Ivan Antonovich. How akava dzinochengeterwa nherera chakajairika muupenyu Russian officialdom, tinonzwisisa, kana protagonist pakupedzisira zvikanzwika President of Chamber, izvo zvinoda iye ave tsaru nekuvazikanwi.

Kukurukura sachigaro

Heroes mushure netsika mitsara pasi basa, uye ndiye sachigaro inoti "havafaniri kubhadhara" kumadhindindi ake. Fufuro pano saka kwairayirwa kuti chete shamwari yepedyo vakuru kuita pasina izvozvo.

Chimwe zvakadzama kunoshamisa upenyu vakuru veguta kuwanikidzwa nemumwe sachigaro. Very dzinonakidza dziri pechiitiko ichi, mukuru mufananidzo Kuongorora nhetembo "Dead Mweya". Zvakaratidza kuti kunyange basa kudaro kujairika akanga inorondedzerwa kutongwa mukamuri, kwete vamiririri vose mukirasi iyi vanowana zvakafanira kupinda basa. Se "simbe vanhu" muchuchisi agere pamba. All nyaya nokuti anogadziriswa gweta, uyo anonzi "grabber yokutanga".

Bhora ari naGavhuna

In Gogol akatsanangura zvakaitika mubati Ball (Chapter 8), tinoona achimisa mweya akafa. Gossip uye balls ndivo avo pakutambudzika chimiro kwepfungwa nemagariro upenyu. Mufananidzo vakuru vari nhetembo "Vakafa Mweya", tsanangudzo pfupi izvo isu kuumbika, inogona kuwedzerwa zviri yechiitiko ichi zvinotevera mashoko. At padanho kukurukurwa mufashoni zvitaera uye mavara emashoko zviripo nepfungwa yorunako vakuru, uye kuvimbika vagara vandifungira sei munhu asunga tai vachiridza mhino yake. Hakungavi pano tsika iyi, zvetsika dzemunharaunda maitiro kuvimba zvachose pfungwa sei kuva. Ndokusaka Chichikov pakutanga wokurera saka welcome: zvingava vanoteerera vachikumbira nevoruzhinji.

Ndizvo mufananidzo pfupi vakuru vari nhetembo "Dead Mweya". Pfupiso yebhuku basa pacharo, hatina kutsanangura. Tinovimba nemi kuchiyeuka. Characteristics dzatakaratidzwa, zvinogona vaisanganisa maererano zviri pamusoro nhetembo. Very kufarira nyaya "The mufananidzo vakuru vari nhetembo" Dead Mweya "." Quotes mabasa anogona kuwanikwa mundima, kureva vakuru vakati vachionana, kuchakubatsira mukwanisi ichi chinokosha.