Muganhu Norway uye Russia: History uye Modernity

Borders uye muchirwadzisa navo nguva dzose yave mhosva yehondo. Kubva panguva Kievan Rus, ayo akanaka vavakidzani ukama nedzimwe nyika uye ukuru kazhinji anoremekedzwa sezvo rusichi pachavo uye vamwe vanhu.

Hakusi Kakawanda unogona kusangana refu uye simba ukama pakati penyika mbiri, asi zvinonzi kwakabatana vakadaro Russia uye Norway. The napedyo ava vaviri inoti kazhinji anoenda zvinopfuura nzwisisa ushamwari. Uchapupu ndiwo muganhu Norway uye Russia, kwemakore 190 gore rakanga vachipemberera May 2016.

Nhoroondo ukama pakati Norway uye Russia

VaViking anonzi Kievan Rus vomuNorway, vokuDenmark uye yeSweden. Kutanga kubva rechi10 remakore, vaiva chikamu "vakakokwa" vechiduku wehurumende, sezvazvakanyorwa kakawanda akagumisa dynastic michato pakati youmambo Dynasties. Somuenzaniso, Yaroslav Mudry akapa mwanasikana wake Elizabeth nokuda Norwegian Mambo Harald, dzakakurumbira kunzi "sezvisingabviri". Akanga akaroora mwanasikana Swedish King Olaf.

Norman squads vaiva machinda Kiev uye akarwa navo pamusoro Pechenegs, uye kunyange akaenda Byzantium. Vakawanda vavo nokusingaperi vakagara Novgorod, Kiev, Chernigov uye dzimwe nyika, uye wakafananidzwa pamwe vomunzvimbo. Saka nhoroondo vakashanduka ushamwari emakore-kare pakati Norway uye Russia.

Changes kumuganhu Norwegian Kievan Rus

Panguva iyoyo, nyika yavo kazhinji achinja kumiganhu yavo, maererano anobudirira kana kwete rutsigiro rwemauto, ivo "rikashamiswa" se chipo muchato. Somuenzaniso, kusvikira pakati remakore rechi11 muganhu pakati Russia uye Norway kwakaitika musi Lyngen Fjord, 50 km mberi kumabvazuva ano guta Tromsø. The chete Yaroslav Mudry sezvo kumuroora kuti mwanasikana wake, uye akavapa yose yakapoteredza nyika Alta Fjord (zvino mudunhu wemuFinnmark).

Similar muchato zvipiriso kunge akabvuma zvachose European youmambo Dynasties, saka kuti kuwedzera munharaunda iri pedyo nyika tichiregeredza nyika yavo yakanga isiri quirk of Grand Duke.

muganhu uyu Norway uye Russia akaramba kusvikira makore remakore rechi13, apo Alexander Nevsky, uyo panguva dzakasiyana ushe Novgorod, ari Kiev, ipapo mu Vladimir, kwete "akasunda" chimwe nharaunda vachifarira kuchamhembe muvakidzani. An huripo mutsetse, iye kuwedzerwa kuna Tanaforda.

Sezvo 1397 Norway yakava chikamu Kalmar Union, riri pasi pauzima pokutonga kwemadzimambo Danish, uye muganhu sezvo yakaumbwa pakati Russia uye Unia. Zvakanga kusvikira 1523, apo pamwe haana yarega nokuda kusagutsikana pamwe Sweden.

Russian-Norwegian muganhu kubva 17 kusvika 19 muzana remakore

Muna 1603, kuchinja vaifanira kuitika panguva muganhu pakati penyika mbiri, sezvo zvakabvumiranwa pakati Boris Godunov uye Christian 4, Mambo Denmark uye Norway (makore 1577-1648). Sezvazvakanyorwamo, mutsetse mutsva raizoitirwa Kola muromo uye Tanafordom pamusoro Varanger Fjord (Bay eGungwa Barents, izvo Anopatsanura kweItari vehove uye Norwegian Varanger Peninsula).

Asi sezvo mazuva muRussia vaiva kujeka, uye nokukurumidza mambo akaurayiwa, chibvumirano harina vakasaina. To iye chete akadzoka muna 1684, asi mashoko ose okuzvitsaura muganhu here zvatsiviwa nevatsva. Sezvazvakanyorwamo, Russia uye Norway vane zvakaenzana kodzero pamusoro ari Kola Peninsula uye navamwe nharo nyika.

Saka, nyika maviri vaiva mundima idzi uye dzakaunganidza mitero ikoko, asi hapana aisada kukudziridza navo zvokutamba. Uye akaramba sezvavanogona 130 nemakore, apo Norway haana wabuda bhodhi iri Danish uye akasvika uchitongwa Sweden.

Kubva 1814 kusvika 1826 yava mberi chokwadi munyika idzi, kumuganhu kushandiswa Norway uye Russia haana dzatangwa.

chibvumirano 1826

chibvumirano ichi waiva mugumisiro guru rinoitwa vamiririri nyika mbiri. Sezvazvakanyorwamo, nyika iyo kare zvakafanana kushandiswa, vakaenda Norway. Difficulty kuchikonzerwa mitemo yetsika, nekuti mundima idzi dzinozivikanwa kugarwa mapopoma, uye Skolt Sami.

Zvaida kuti nyika muganhu pakati Russia uye Norway atora kufungawo zvinodiwa nomumwe rudzi:

• Lapps emakore vari varedzi vehove;
• Sami, aigara mumakomo, mubasa poro nokupfuwa;
• Skolt aisada kusiya machechi avo Orthodox yakavakwa madzitateguru avo makore 300 akapfuura.

Kwerinenge gore rakanga rabuda kufunga zvido zvose, uye May 14, 1826 gwaro rakanzi "Convention pamuganhu wehurumende pakati Russia uye Norway mu churchyards Lapland" Kakanga kakasainwa muSt Petersburg, Count Nesselrode kubva kuRussia uye Niels Palmstierna, Swedish-Norwegian mumiririri.

Pakugadzira gwaro Chimwe chinetso waiva muganhu Finland.

Border kubva Finland

Vazhinji basa kuparadzana pamuganhu Norwegian-Russian akanga valerian Galyamin wevarwi weuto Russian, nhengo Turkish hondo, nyanzvi yokudhirowa, uye mutungamiriri wacho Imperial porcelain Factory.

Kubva kwaidiwa kwete chete tarenda ake ave rokupenda kuzochera mumwe Mezhuyev idzva pamepu pakati penyika mbiri, asiwo nedzenyu unyanzvi uyewo demarcation ine zvido nyika nhatu.

Muganhu Russia, Norway, Finland, yaiva chikamu hwacho, akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze munzvimbo dzakawanda. On the Russian divi chobudira kubva pamuromo rwizi kuti kwarwakabva vorem uye mberi kumavirazuva Chechi Boris uye Gleb, uye ipapo rwezasi murwizi kuna Rayyakoski Paz.

In Finland (kumaodzanyemba kumuganhu) zvakaoma kusvika nzvimbo gwara paburi kuburikidza akawanda zvikomo, nzizi uye madhamu kumakomo Kolmizoyve-Madakiedsa kuramba confluence Skaareiok inflow rwizi Tana.

Panguva kumuganhu nguva yave imwe nharaunda umo kunyange 1751 d scripting muganhu pakati Norway uye Duke pamusoro Finland. Shure kwake kare Batanidzai nyika Lapland. In chimiro ichi muganhu kusvikira remakore rechi20.

Zvakachinja remakore rechi20

Muzana remakore rechi20 kumuganhu Norway uye Russia kakawanda zvakachinja chimiro chayo, uye izvi nechokuita muchiuto uye enyika zviitiko, iyo nguva ino akanga nomuti. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuchinja miganhu izvi nguva:

• Kubva 1920 kusvika 1944 iye akaumba kumuganhu Norwegian-Finnish maererano kushaya kuti Finland kubva Russia dzakaguma muna 1918 uye ayo annexation pamusoro Petsamo eruwa.
• chibvumirano chitsva uye akabata mupendero Soviet-Norwegian yakanga yakasainwa muna 1947 uye 1949, ukuwo.
• Kubvira muna 1991, Norway ane nyika muganhu pamwe Russia, ane uchangamire kunozivikanwa pashure pokuwa yeSoviet.
• Chibvumirano pamusoro delimitation yeGungwa Barents uye kweArctic Ocean pakati penyika mbiri yakasainwa muna 1993 uye 2011.

Kana nyika pamuganhu imwe wokuRussia Norwegian riri nyore, kuparadzana mamiriro gungwa anenge 80 makore kwave nharo.

nepagungwa muganhu

The nharo gungwa muganhu pamwe Russia - Norway akazviratidza muna 1926, apo Soviet Union akazivisa weGungwa Barents uye kweArctic Ocean wavo unilaterally. Hapana muganhu uyu haina kuzivikanwa, asi kurwira izvozvo, zvakare, ndisingadi.

It akabatwa 175,000 km ² Mvura Norwegian, uye akaita hukama pakati penyika mbiri kusvinwa. Muna 1976, Norway asarudza kwete lag shure uye uyewo unilaterally akazivisa mundima idzi avo.

Chinhu bedzi aigona kuderedza kutorarama mamiriro - chiri chibvumirano pamusoro vadyi kushandiswa nharo mundima hove indasitiri. Chero basa Geological kana mafuta-zvibereko munzvimbo idzi zvakarambidzwa.

Muna 2010, chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa pakati Russia uye Norway, pasi iyo yokupedzisira achawana shure mvura yavo muGungwa Barents uye Arctic Ocean.

muganhu nhasi

Munguva yedu, kureba kumuganhu Norwegian-Russian ndiyo 195,8 panyika uye nenzizi uye 23.3? Km egungwa. Kumorwa ari 90s ari rechi20 remakore noruzhowa pakati penyika mbiri yakadzorerwa muna 2016 zvakare Norway.

Kuzvidzivirira fenzi inofanira kuva chipingamupinyi kupinda Schengen mapazi vapoteri.