Mutungamiriri we Federal Federal Investigation Edgar Hoover: biography, hupenyu hwehupenyu, mufananidzo

Hoover John Edgar (makore ehupenyu - 1895-1972) ndiye mutongi wenyika yeAmerica uyo anenge kwehafu yezana remakore aiva mutungamiriri we Federal Federal Investigation. Akaitungamirira kubva muna 1924 kusvika muna 1972, ndiko kuti, kusvika pakufa kwake. Nguva iyi yose Hoover John Edgar aiva mumwe wevanhu vane simba zvikuru muUnited States. Vakawanda, vachicherechedza mabasa avo kunyika, vakapomera John nezvekushungurudzwa kwesimba. Chimiro chake chinopesana, uye hutungamiri mubasa rekutakura hwaive hwakareba kwenguva refu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chakareba kwenguva yehofisi yemutungamiriri weFBI (Bureau of Investigation yakazotumidzwa zvakare muna 1935) mushure mokunge yaiswa pamakore gumi.

Mushure mokuverenga nyaya ino, muchasvika pakuziva zvakawanda pamusoro pomumwe munhu anofadza saHoover John Edgar. Mifananidzo yake uye biography ichakubatsira kuti uwane pfungwa yake.

Kubva uye huduku hweHoover

Chinyanyozivikanwa nezvemakore ekutanga ehupenyu hwaJohn Edgar. Akazvarwa muWashington musi waJanuary 1, 1895. John aiva mwana wechitatu mumhuri yevashandi muDhipatimendi reCartography uye Geodesy Dickerson Naylor Hoover. Amai vake vaiva Annie Marie Sheitlin Hoover. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti John pachikoro chesekondari akanga ari kuita zvemitambo. Mukuwedzera, aive akakurumbira pamusana pokukwanisa kwake kukakavadzana, kunyanya dai kwaiva pakurwisa kuenzana kwevakadzi.

Kudzidza ku yunivhesiti

Vanyori vemafiropu vanocherechedza kuti munguva yekurovedza, Hoover aifanira kushanda nguva imwe muraibhurari ye US Congress . Hoover John Edgar akafadzwa nekugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana uye mabhuku. Uku kufarira kwakabva kwaita kuti ave akakwanisa kutora chikamu chemamiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri eAmerica. Pasina mubvunzo, chiyero ichi chinoshamisa. Zvisinei, FBI khadi faira, mukuenzanisa nemafuta eGestapo uye NKVD, ichiri kutarisa zvishoma.

Kushumira muHurumende yeRuramisiro

Muna 1917, Hoover akapedza kudzidza kubva kuGeorge Washington University (kuchikoro chemasikati). Paaidzidza mairi, akabatana neKappa Alpha ukama. Mushure mechinguva, Hoover akatanga kushanda muDhipatimendi reRubatsiro reUnited States. Basa rake raiva rekucherechedza pasi avo avo vakabuda pamba. Hoover munguva pfupi yakabva yava mukuru webazi iro rinoshandisa kubhadharwa kwevanhu venyika dzine utsinye.

John Hoover naMasons

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti musi waNovember 9, 1920, Hoover John Edgar akagadzwa muWashington. Chokwadi chinofadza pamusoro pake chakawanda, uye havasi vose vanogona kugadziriswa mumutauro weimwe nyaya, asi kuwirirana ne Freemasons kunotofanira kutaurira. John Edgar akagamuchira chikamu chedzidzisi mu "Federal Lodge" Nha. 1. Yakangoitika mwedzi miviri isati yasvika kuberekwa kwake kwema 26. Uye apo Hoover akatendeuka 52, akagamuchira mibairo yakawanda uye medali. Muna 1955, akakwidzwa kusvika kune digrii 33, mushure mokunge Johane akazozivikanwa seSupreme Inspector General. Muna 1965, akazopiwawo guru reCross Cross of Honor - kukudzwa kwakanyanya kweScotland. Nhasi, muTemberi yeMasonic yeDPShU, kune E. Hoover. Iyo inochengetedza magwaro akawanda evanhu.

Kushanda nePalmer

John muna 1919 akatumirwa kuHurumende yeHurumende nokuda kwechinzvimbo chevakuru vebazi guru rekuchenjera. Mushure memusoro wehutano wakava Alexander Pamler, Hoover akava mubatsiri wake. Pamwe chete naye, akaronga sangano rekudzingwa kwevanhu vakawanda kubva munyika uye kusungwa kwevanhu vanoita zvematongerwe enyika. Izvi zvakatanga kutumidzwa kuti Palmer kuparadza. Munguva pfupi nguva Hoover yakagadzira kadhi yefaira yevanhu 150 000, inoumbwa nevanhu vanofungidzira. Pakazosvika 1921, yakanga yatosvika mazana emakumi mashanu ezvinyorwa. Hoover uye Palmer vakaronga kusungwa kwakanyanyisa munhoroondo yeAmerica: vanenge zviuru gumi vakasungwa munaJanuary 1920.

Kutanga kwebasa muBhoteri reInvestigations

Muna 1921, John akabatana neBhoteri reInvestigation, paakazova gweta mutungamiriri. Baba vake vakafa gore rakatevera. Uye muna 1924 Calvin Coolidge, uyo aimbova purezidhendi, akasarudza John Edgar Hoover mutungamiriri weBusiness of Investigation.

Kugadziriswa kwemahofisi

Apo paakatora chikamu ichi, sangano rakashanda vanenge vanosvika 650, 440 avo vaiva vamiririri. Mumakore ekutanga, zvakanyanya kuderedza mari uye nhamba yesangano reHoover John Edgar. Bhizinesi reHupuri yakava sangano remazuva ano, rine simba. Zvido zvekubhadhara vashandi vatsva zvakawedzerwa. Mukuwedzera, Edgar Hoover akagadzira chikoro chevatangi vekutanga. Akabhadhara zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwekombiyuta, sangano rezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye zvigadzirwa zvemaorevhisi ekuongorora maitiro pasi pehurumende yake.

Zvinyorwa zveBhoteri reUtsva muma1930s

Bhizinesi reInvestigation muna 1930 rakarwisana nekukura kwehutsotsi hwakarongeka munharaunda, uye pamwe nehuzhinji hwekubiridzira kwebhangi yakaonekwa panguva iyoyo muMidwest. Zvikwata zviduku zvaiwanzobira mabhenji, zvichishandiswa motokari dzemotokari uye zvombo zvekushandisa. Izvi zvakavapa hukuru pane mapurisa. Kuti vatize kubva pakutambudzwa, vakayambuka miganhu yenyika. Muna 1933-34, mushure mokunge masimba eDhipatimendi akawedzerwa, Bhorosi yakabudirira pakuwana, kuparadza kana kusunga chikwata chezvikwata zvakakurumbira, kusanganisira John Dillinger. Sangano iri rakanzizve FBI muna 1936. Mushure mokunge Franklin Roosevelt akava mutevedzeri weUnited States, muna 1936 akarayira Hoover kuti aongorore mabasa ekupandukira muAmerica.

FBI panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri

Amai Hoover vakapfuura muna 1938. IFBI muna 1942 yakawana mapoka maviri emasabata kubva kuGermany, avo vakanga vatumirwa kubva kumagwenga emvura kumhenderekedzo yeUnited States. Ichokwadi, hazvisi nyore kuziva kuti zvakakosha zvakadini neBhodhi, nekuti vaviri vevakasungwa vakazvipira kuvakuru veUnited States uye vakataurira nezvevamwe vose.

MaAmerica munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakaumba Office ye Strategic Services. Sangano iri rakashanda nekubatana nebasa rakavanzika reGreat Britain. Edgar Hoover akamubata nekufungira uye akadaro haana kubatana neUSS. FBI panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, pakange kune vasvika zviuru gumi nezvitatu vashandi. Pakati idzi, vamiririri vaiva anenge zviuru zvishanu.

Hoover John Edgar: hupenyu hwehupenyu

Johane anogona kunzi mwanakomana akazvipira. Baba vake vakafa paaiva nemakore 26. John akasarudza kusazomboora kana kugara naye kusvikira pakuguma kwehupenyu hwaamai vake. Amai vakafa mushure memakore gumi nemashanu, asi Hoover uye mushure mokunge vakadaro uye vakaramba vari vana. Akanga achinyatsogutsikana kuti chipingamupinyi chikuru mubasa remurume mudzimai. Mumakore 44 ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, shamwari yaJohane yaiva yepedyo yaive Clyde Tolson.

Murume uyu aiva mubatsiri wega wevatongi vatatu vekudzivirirwa kweUnited States asati abatanidzwa neFBI muna 1928. Mushure mokufa kwake, John akaisa zvinhu zvake zvose kuna Tolson. Mari yacho yakafungidzirwa pa 551 zviuru zvemadhora. Mukuwedzera, akawana mureza, umo hovha yaHoover yakavharwa pamariro.

Rufu rwaHoover uye zita rake munhoroondo

Muna 1972, Hoover akafa John Edgar, mutongi weAmerican. Kungoti mushure mekufa kwake nyika yakazununguka nokuzorora. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Nixon akambomuperekedza nenzira yekupedzisira nekutukwa. Nokudaro, zvisinei, vazhinji vakaongorora maonero pamusoro pemabasa emutungamiriri weFBI. Zvechokwadi, hazvikwanisi zvakakwana mumatunhu ekuda democracy uye rusununguko rwunofungidzirwa ruregerero, asi zita raro harigoni kubviswa kubva munhoroondo yeAmerica. Kana zvisina kudaro, ichave yakanyatsoiswa.

Chokwadi chinofadza pamusoro peHoover

Tom Clark, US Attorney General, muna 1946 akarayira John kuti anyore runyorwa rwevaAmerica vangave vasina kuvimbika kune simba. Izvi zvaive zvakakodzera kuitira kuti vazvichengete munguva yehondo kana kana zvichiitika. Edgar Hoover, vhiki mushure mekutanga kweHondo yeKorea, vakataura chirongwa cheTuruman, maererano nezvakange zvakakodzera kuchengetedza kusvika kune vane 12 000 vekuAmerica vasina kuvimbika kune hurumende. Panguva imwe chete yaifanirwa kuramba kubva kutongwa kwekutonga kwemhosva imwe neimwe yenyaya. Truman haana kutevera chirongwa chinorongwa.

John Hoover anozivikanwawo somutangi wekutambudzwa kwaAlan Fried, muparidzi weredhiyo kubva kuCleveland, uyo akatanga kushandisa izwi rokuti "rock'n'roll." Frieda ava kunopera makumi mashanu-makumi maviri emakore ekupedzisira akapomerwa mhosva yekuputira - aiti akatora chiokomuhomwe kubva ku disc disc kuti adzore dzimwe nziyo. Hoover akaziva mimhanzi iyi sekupandukira, kupandukira, izvo zvinokanganisa chizvarwa chechiduku.

Tsika dzose

Mubasa reR. Ludlum's Manuscript raR. Ladlam, Edgar Hoover ndiye akabatwa nekuedza kuuraya Inver-Brass, sangano rakavanzika. Uyezve, iye akati akabata chikwereti nemashoko akaunganidzwa naye. Idzi ruzivo rwakakanganisa hukuru hwezvematongerwo enyika nehuwandu hwevanhu.

Iyi firimu "Johnny D." Akazvarwa muna 2009. Billy Crudup akaita mufirimu iyi basa reHoover.

Chimwe chifananidzo chinofanira kutariswa nevaya vanofarira unhu hwake ndi J. Edgar. Clint Eastwood ndiye mutungamiriri wefirimu iyi, uye Leonardo DiCaprio akaita mauri basa reHoover.

Chinyorwa chaJohani chiri mu "Cartoon Black" cartoon. Iko pamusoro pehupenyu hwakadai saEdgar Kluver (anoshanda semutungamiriri wekambani SHUSHU).

Saka, takakuudza nezvehukama hwakadaro seHoover John Edgar. Nhoroondo yake inoratidza chiedza chezvimwe zviitiko zvenhau yeUnited States yezana remakore rechi20, uye kunyange nhasi, makumi emakore mushure mekufa kwake, inoramba ichisimudzira kufarira kwevanhu pasi pose.