Muverengi anoti: "1984" (Dzhordzh Oruell). A pfupiso pebindu, zvichireva

2 firimu kwadzakabva, rokubudisa mumitauro 60, 8 fung nzvimbo mazita pamusoro mabhuku mazana maviri pamusoro shanduro Air Force - ichi zvose ndiro bhuku "1984". Dzhordzh Oruell - munyori yakanakisisa yokufungidzira kubva dystopia, akatora kudada nzvimbo pakati zvino chaiwo "Isu" Zamyatin uye "kuchipfuura 451," Bradbury.

A zvishoma nezvenhoroondo bhuku

Akaberekwa muna India, aimbova mushandi yaitonga hondo Dzhordzh Oruell vakatamira Europe kuva munyori. rokusika basa rake rava kuoneka pashure racho inonyadzisa bhuku, "Animal Farm" (kana "Animal Farm"). Richirondedzera vanhu vakaderera kusaruramisira chavagari, vachirwira rusununguko pfungwa uye mhosva ipi uranda rusununguko nevakariri murume, munyori kunosvika dingindira iri yokufungidzira "1984". Bhuku rinoratidza yemunyori chido kuratidza sei utongi hwechiFascist, sezvo zviri kukuvadza vanhu uye maitiro yose.

Sezvingatarisirwa, akadaro mberi maonero angangotadza kufadza nhengo raitonga utongi anomanikidza. "Animal Farm" muSoviet Union yainzi "tichivenga" munhu Parody kwemarongerwe evanhu mararamiro, uye Orwell akava anokumhan'arira echiKomonisiti uye gutsaruzhinji.

Kuramba chero mhando uranda munhu - mumuviri uye tsika mhosva uye mhosva kukanganisa kwevanhu kodzero kusunungura okuti - izvi zvose sezvikonzero kuwana bhuku "1984". Dzhordzh Oruell akapedza basa iri yokufungidzira rake muna 1948, uye kare muna 1949 zvakaitika kuchiedza.

The chisimba pakarambwa racho basa kwete refu kuuya. Pakati tinoonga vakatanga vapfura firimu, bhuku ashandurwe mimwe mitauro, uye yave mhosva plagiarism!

Chokwadi chokuti yokufungidzira "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell rakabudiswa pashure racho mabasa Yevgeny Zamyatin "Isu", maererano iyo - kufanana pfungwa pevatongi maitiro kwenzanga uye mutemo kumanikidza munhu asaonekwa. Kupomerwa plagiarism chabviswa pashure vaongorori vaigona kutsanangura kuti Orwell verenga "isu" azvarwa pfungwa yake kusika munhu dystopia.

pezvakaitwa kwakadaro, kana vanyori siyana kutaura pfungwa dzakafanana vanobviswa rinenge panguva zvine musoro chokuita yose dzezvematongerwo enyika kuchinja vanhu. Historical pezvakaitwa muEurope chepakuvamba ramakumi remakore, chidzoke chenyika itsva iri Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - uchapupu.

Storylines nganonyorwa

Muna nganonyorwa "1984" unogona kukamurwa 2 munzvimbo huru iyo pane kukura pebindu, - the socio-enyika uye tsika-mupfungwa. Izvi zviviri nzvimbo zvakanyatsobatana zvokuti zvisisakwanisiki kufungidzira imwe pasina mumwe. Description mamiriro wokumwe nomutemo iri avigire prism manzwiro uye pfungwa protagonist. Relationships pakati vanhu vari ariwo kuratidzwa evanhu nemamiriro mamiriro, izvo vanotsanangurwa mu "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Kuongororwa chigadzirwa hazvibviri pasina zvose nzira.

Zvinorondedzerwa mubhuku racho chiito kunoitika mugungwa - a superpower, iyo yakaumbwa somugumisiro wenyika rwakakamukana 3 huru zvikamu mushure Third World War. Oceania anomiririra Union American States, Africa uye Australia pa musoro pakati - United Kingdom. mamwe maviri dzimwe nyika dzinonzi Eurasia (Soviet Union, vamwe Europe, Turkey) uye Ostaziey (ano Asian nyika).

Pose Munyika idzi pane pachena hierarchical tsika simba uye, naizvozvo, vanhu vakaderera weboka vanhu. Pamusoro bhodhi mugungwa - chinhu zvemukati bato. It inonziwo Big (mukuru) mukoma, uyo nguva dzose "kukuongorora '. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuti vanhu yose pasi zvachose kudzora zvakanaka-bapiro mapato muzita "vanhuwo zvakanaka". Big Brother anotonga zvose - basa, upenyu pachake, uye ake pfungwa, manzwiro uye manzwiro. Ndiani achava "mysleprestupnikom" (kufunga kwete se "mvumo" pati), kumirira chirango chakakomba ...

Panzira, rudo uye rudo kuti pedyo - zvakafanana thoughtcrime. Munhu ari kukuchidzira rudo dingindira mumabhuku, uchaona pachavo mumwe storyline. Line ukama of protagonist ake anodiwa. Chokwadi, chepakutanga. Rudo pasi shingirira anopenya pamusoro Big Brother ...

Litseprestuplenie mapurisa pfungwa uye telescreen

In "1984" by Oruell Dzhordzh inoratidza sei dzematongerwe chinopinda yomunhu oga. Kuzvidzora pamusoro mabhora ose akaita kwete chete kumabasa, muimba yokudyira, chitoro kana chiitiko mumugwagwa. Party monitors uye kudya patafura mudenderedzwa hama, masikati nousiku.

Izvi achishandisa vainzi telescreen - mano yakafanana yeTV wakaiswa mumigwagwa uye mudzimba nhengo yebato. Chinangwa charo Dual. Chokutanga, vakakomba wachi nhepfenyuro nhau kwenhema okukunda muna Pacific War, sei zvakava nani kugara State Party kurumbidza. Uye chechipiri, vane kamera chamber upenyu pachake nomunhu wacho. Telescreen aigona kuva kure chete hafu yeawa rimwe zuva, asi hazvina kupa vimbiso kuti haana kuramba arambe zvose zvinoitwa mugari.

Monitoring zvaidiwa "mitemo" yokurarama muvanhu vazvitambudze Ndakafunga Police. Iye chaitarisirwa nyaya kusateerera pakarepo dzinovabata mysleprestupnika uye kuita zvose zvinobvira nechokwadi kuti vanhu vakaziva vakanga kururama. Nokuti kunzwisisa zvizere; kunyange zvakaipa Big Brother okuti muvanhu - akaita thoughtcrime, litseprestuplenie.

Doublethink, Newspeak uye Ushumiri

"Hondo - ino", "dema - zviri chena," "kushaya ruzivo - simba". Kwete, izvi hazvisi mazita antonyms. It iripo muna Oceania masirogani anoratidza musimboti mutongo dzidziso. "Double-kufunga" - ndiro zita chiitiko ichi.

Chaizvoizvo Its iri chokwadi kuti chetezvo anganzi zvakashandurwa mazwi. maitiro aya anogona kuvapo panguva imwe chete. In Oceania kunyange kuvapo izwi akadai "belocherny".

Muenzaniso doublethink kungava mamiriro vehondo, umo hurumende mupenyu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti vari kurwa, mamiriro nyika asi anogona kunzi nyika. Zvechokwadi, kukura kwenzanga hakumo munzvimbo munguva yehondo.

Maererano kudaro dzematongerwe hachiratidzi zita saka penga Ushumiri, vashandi nenhengo rokunze Party (pakati dhigiri vakuru vakuru vari nzanga Oceania). Saka, Ushumiri Wechokwadi kuparadzira mashoko kuruzhinji (by overwriting vakwegura uye embellishment kwayo), Ushumiri zhinji - zvoupfumi nyaya (semuenzaniso, hurukuro mishonga kuti vakanga nguva dzose havatorina), Ushumiri rudo (chete chivako pasina mahwindo, anoonekwa , akaita kurwadziswa) - Policing, Bazi dzidzo - yokufaranuka uye varaidzo, uye ushumiri nyika - Chokwadi, nyaya hondo.

Pakati yevagari kushandisa rakapfupikiswa mazita shumiro idzi. Somuenzaniso, Ushumiri Wechokwadi kazhinji kunzi Minprav. Uye zvose nekuti Oceania vakatanga mutauro mutsva - Newspeak, izvo zvaireva kubviswa zvose zvisingadiwi Party mashoko uye vaifanira rutapudzo kuti mitsara. Zvaidavirwa kuti zvose kuti haana izwi rayo rirege iripo zvachose. Somuenzaniso, hapana shoko "chimurenga" - haishandi pezvakaitwa nayo.

Pfupiso of yokufungidzira

Zviito kuitika guru British - London - nemakapoteredza, maererano "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Pfupiso of yokufungidzira anofanira kutanga sumo kuti protagonist.

Kubva pakutanga, kuverenga zvinova pachena kuti huru hunhu - Smit Uinston - basa kare kuziva Ushumiri Chokwadi chete uyo uye "rakapepetwa" nhau. Yose upenyu huru hunhu anouya kushanyira kubasa, kwemanheru ari mushumiri yokudyira uye kudzokera kumusha, apo akanga vakamirira aishanda nesimba uye netariro nhau telescreen Oceania.

Zvaizoratidza sokuti hwokufananidzira pakati-kirasi, muFiristia, iyo mamiriyoni. Kunyange zita rake vanhuwo, unremarkable. Asi chokwadi, Winston, uye ndiye asina kuwiriraniswa aivapo magariro, anokumanikidzai totalitarianism, uyo achiri anoona kubhoekana uye nzara, umo iye anogara London, achiona yatsiviwa nhau, uye ndivanaani anoshushikana chokwadi umo vanhuwo tinoshandurirwa. Iye - a dissenter. Iye - uyo ari achinyepera zvake mugari kufara zvose rinomuvanza kubva mapurisa akafunga kuchiva wechokwadi uye nevavariro.

In "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell nyaya zvakunowedzera sezvo nguva kubva nguva huru hunhu haagoni kukunda kumanikidzwa kwokudzvinyirira pfungwa dzake. Iye anotenga munzvimbo dzokugara proles (the proletariat, yakadereresa vanhu vakaderera mhenyu Oceania) notibhuku uye akatanga kunyora dhayari. Kwete chete ndiyo kunyora pachayo - imhosva, uye zvakanyorwa ruvengo nokuda Party. Maitiro akadaro anogona kutarisira chete-soro nenhanho kurangwa. Uye ichi hachisi yezve rusununguko.

Pakutanga, Smith haazivi kunyora. Asi zvino anotanga kudonongodza zvose anouya mupfungwa, kunyange zvishomanana kubva nhau, uyo akasangana kubasa. Zvose izvi pamwe kutya kubatwa. Asi akaramba pfungwa dzake chete nzvimbo yakachengeteka - pfungwa yake - pasisina simba.

Kwapera nguva, Winston anotanga kuona kuti mumwe munhu akanga vakamucherekedza. Uyu bhururu wake, mumwe musikana wechiduku anonzi Julia. Yokutanga chepamutemo kufunga gamba yakanga kuti iye akanga vakamucherekedza ari behest of Party. Naizvozvo rwunotanga nemanzwiro yakavenganiswa nokuvengana, kutya, uye chido ....

Asi mukana kusangana naye, uye akamupa chakavanzika katsamba anoisa zvose panzvimbo yayo. Julie ari murudo Winston. Uye ndinobvuma nayo.

Iye ndiye anoziva maonero Smith pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda. Misangano Secret, achifamba pachaunga, apo zvakanga zvakakodzera kwete kuratidza zvavanoziva, magamba dhonzai pamwe kunyange zvakawanda. Zvino chinhu yakawiriranwa kunzwa. Mutual zvakavanzika manzwiro. Naizvozvo Winston pachivande kumanikidzwa kurenda nzvimbo misangano anoda uye anyengetere kuitira kuti vabatwe.

pakupedzisira zvinoitwa muchivande anova vakakurumbira Big Brother. Lovers akaisa Muushumiri Rudo (zvino zita rinonzwika kunyanya chibhende), uye ipapo vachava mari ukama hwavo zvakaoma.

The nganonyorwa inoguma, rinotiudza "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. How mapeji akawanda kana vhoriyamu vakasvika bhuku rino, zvakakodzera kupedza nguva.

Relations pakati vanhu vari yokufungidzira

Kana uchiziva kuti vangataura sei nokunzwa Oceania, mubvunzo musoro unomuka: "Zvino sei panguva mhuri Pane Kufanana ichi inotiudza?" 1984 "?" Bhuku Akajekesa pfungwa zvose izvi.

Party "dzidzisa kuti" negation rudo uye rusununguko munhu kubva pauduku hwake. Vechiduku vari Oceania antipolovoy apinda sungano umo airemekedzwa bato uye umhandara, uye zvose vakasununguka, kusanganisira kuratidza manzwiro, zvaionekwa kukodzera nokuda kwechokwadi mugari.

The ukama muchato kunobva chete pamusoro mvumo yacho Party. No kuchiratidza tsitsi pakati shamwari haana kuva. Sex upenyu aihuitira kuberekwa kwevana. Winston pachake akanga akaroorwa. Mudzimai, titsigire Party, vane kusada kuti mumuviri hwepedyo uye pashure kundikana kuedza kuwana mwana akasiya murume wake.

Sezvo vana, vaiva kuratidzwa ukama pakati vabereki. Asi, kwakakwana yairwisana nhengo dzemhuri nomumwe. Kubvira vachiri vaduku vana akadyara kuzvipira hwokunyanyisa kuna nevatambi veboka. Mumwe nomumwe wavo zvirire nenzira yakadaro kuti aigona kuva vakagadzirira rokushora munhu, kana anoita thoughtcrime. Kunyange kana vaitsoropodza aizova mai vavo kana baba.

Bhuku "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell: unhu tsananguro

About huru hunhu Winston Smith anogona kuwedzera kuti kwaari makore 39, akanga ari chizvarwa London, pakutanga 40s. Mhuri umo akakura, yaisanganisira amai vake nehanzvadzi, uye akanga murombo. Zvisinei, kufanana vakawanda vanogara Oceania nepakati uye neboka ezasi. Vakura, kazhinji akashanyirwa Winston mhosva chokuita yokuti akasarudza kupfuura zvinonaka zvokudya hanzvadzi kurwara muduku. Mystery of Kutsakatika hama dzavo kamwe mwana Smith chokuita nebasa Party.

Beloved Uinstona Dzhuliya pamusoro rangano pasi pake - makore ake 26. Iye ari mukadzi shava vhudzi anokwezva, uyo anovenga Big Brother, asi aitofanira kunyatsoongorora kuzvivanza. Sezvo ukama Smith. Kanganisa dzose mitemo wokurera ari mamiriro kunobatsira inondimukira hunhu uye ushingi, kujairika kuti munhu kubva Winston shamwari.

Mumwe mutambi zvinokosha, izvo asati ambotaurwa - O'Brien, yepamutemo nomuzikamwi Winston. Ichi randinenge mumiririri kutonga vepamusoro, izvo, pasinei kwayo zveufende Large mufananidzo renyu ndarama tsika uye kunyange pfungwa yakanaka. Winston pane imwe nguva anotanga kutora O'Brien kuti "avo", asingazivi kuti akanga ari mapurisa pfungwa. Mune ramangwana, zvichaita kutamba chikuru hunhu ane utsinye chinosekesa.

Muverengi anoti: "1948" Dzhordzh Oruell

Kakawanda, vaverengi sei pamusoro "1984" sezvo chakaipisisa, chakanakisisa bhuku, iyo rinotinyevera pamusoro zviitiko zvakadaro. Zvinokanganisawo kutendeseka nako munyori rinotsanangura chezvaizoitika kuguma zvose pevatongi gadziriro. Izvi bhuku hweruzhinji. Zvose zviri saka zvakanaka vakafunga kunze munyaya, kuti kana iwe edza kuumba yakasiyana nemagumo mupfungwa nhoroondo Winston Fiasco. nganonyorwa Izvi hazvigoni anoonekwa nyore Somunyori basa. Zvingava pfupi anoona zvakanaka uye, chokwadi, ndizvo chete yakapusa. Kunyange vatsigiri Stalinism nemamwe anomanikidza kudzora gadziriro vanokwanisa nyaya iyi kuratidza mumwe kurutivi mari. The vateveri vakawanda farira vane pfungwa totalitarianism kukwanisa kunzwa kuti pane chakanga chakaipa. Ndiyo imwe inogadzirwa simba - the zvepfungwa akasimba. Sezvo Dostoevsky. Mental kweshungu Winston Smith Zvakaitika yakafanana neiya nomuzvanza imwe vise Raskolnikov hurongwa. It rinokurudzira "1984" vose vaya vari kukuchidzira kuti okugadzira zvinhu pamusoro Dostoevsky.

Vaverengi vakawanda havabvumirani chokuti chete pamusoro komiyunizimu uye Soviet Union, akanyora "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Kutsoropodza unowanzonzi munyori muvengi nehurumende yeSoviet, uye basa pacharo - "dombo mumunda" ari ipapo ezvinhu hurumende. Followers vanodavira kuti pane anogona zvakajeka kuonekwa chero nokumunyima pamusoro uranda womunhu hurongwa. Dzimwe nguva akawedzeredzwa, asi kupamhidzira asina akadzima mumabhuku okugadzira zvinhu. Chokwadi kuti nyika dzakawanda zvino vari yakafanana nzira okukura. Uye rinoguma tichikufunga kuparara yose hurongwa, uye pachake dambudziko wacho, izvo zvinoratidza mu "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Pfungwa iri kutora rinobatanidza Kutarira pfungwa basa iri hakungoitwi mumwe muenzaniso unoshamisa Soviet Union.

Manzwiro anoita kuti kungotaura yaita chando ropa iri mutsinga dzako paunoverenga. Chirevo Great, iro rinoonekwa hwezuva nezuva munyika - matsamba history, kuzvitsinhanisa kuti pfungwa, kuchinja kuti maonero uye mararamiro kusvikira zvinodiwa hurongwa. Averenga - navanopinda-akazaruka maziso uye kunzwa kuti akatora inotonhora yokugezera.

Kunewo mamwe dzinonetsa ambotaura. Vanoti chaizvoizvo kuti bhuku iri pachena overrated pakuti anochinja kuziva. Handibvumirani, nekuti pane chinoshamisa kunzwa - muverengi - isingadzorwi hauna usingafaniri kuverenga bhuku kuona kusakwana nyika, kana kuti bhuku iri rakagadzirirwa avo vanogara rozi chitsvuku magirazi.

Rasprostanenie pfungwa hazvina zvinotevera: bhuku vanogona kunyatsonzi kunzi munhoroondo. Uye ano chaizvo. Ndiani akachinja nyika? Mumwe akanga asingatyi kufa ive pfungwa. Uyo wakatya kurarama kwakadaro isingafadzi vanhu. Ko ruzhinji vagere, izvo zvaizoita chete kurarama, asi chete vanhu.

Kazhinji dzinopikisana, asi nguva dzose upenyu paiva wongororo vaverengi '. "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell somunhu munyori haana akaita chimwe - hanya. Uye hazvishamisi - mubhuku rino, mumwe nomumwe angawana chinhu pachavo. Asi kuti apfuure uye regai kunyange kubvunza zvakanga akakonzera paine kupikisana kwakadaro nezvebasa iri zvakadaro, hapana havazokwanisi bibliophile.

ingangova yakatorwa

A dzakawanda accolades aiva riwedzere kuti firimu kuti firimu racho yokufungidzira "1984". Dzhordzh Oruell haana kurarama 6 makore asati nokubudiswa guru chidzitiro yevana vake. Wokutanga firimu aonekwa dzemitambo muna 1956.

It vakarayirwa Maykl Anderson, uyo, pamwe screenwriter Templeton akaita pfungwa mufananidzo pamusoro pevatongi muvanhu. Nhoroondo protagonist, reDare Edmond O'Brien, zvinopfakanyika firimu kurutivi rwenzira. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti husava nokusika nyore kune navanopinda vateereri firimu. Asi akapa zvinake. . Kunyanya avo kare kwave kujairana nemashoko okuti "George Orwell" 1984 "Review pakati vateereri unequivocal - firimu asingadi kusvika mabhuku mupfungwa mutoro chepakutanga yokufungidzira hune simba uye zvinonakidza ..

Interesting chokwadi - zita mutambi (O'Brien) rinobatana zita tsika kubva mubhuku (webato mukuru, pamwe nemapurisa pfungwa). Naizvozvo, kwakasarudzwa kuritsiva ari Zano O'Connor.

Akatevera, uyo akamboda kuti firimu kuti "1984" yava imwe Michael, asi ikozvino Radford, British mutungamiriri. mufananidzo wake yakabudiswa gore, izvo rakaenderana zviitiko bhuku - muna 1984. The huru basa akaita mutambi Dzhon Hert, Julia wake anodiwa airidza Suzanna Hamilton. Uyewo, uyu mufananidzo waiva rokupedzisira iri basa uye upenyu yakakurumbira mutambi Richard Burton, rinozivikanwa "The mukukurira of Shrew," "wakarebesa zuva" uye vamwe.

nguva ino firimu kwadzakabva kwazova ibudirire - zvose Kutamiswa storylines mabhuku zvakakwana amboudza mifananidzo magamba. Asi kunyange pano, vateereri vakakamura wongororo. "1984", Dzhordzh Oruell pachake sezvo aida kuti vaverengi ari munyori zvekuti vakange vasingagoni kunzwa pamwe kwadzakabva mupfungwa Zvinetso, ari filament, iyo transmits bhuku.

Nhasi tinoziva kuti mumwe ari aronga, wechitatu kwadzakabva ari yokufungidzira, dystopia. Vachitungamirirwa Director Paul Greengrass. Akasvika pakuzivikanwa anoonga basa iri mufananidzo "The Bourne Supremacy," "Bloody Svondo." Paaiva pasi chakakandirwa, kutanga musi filming uye firimu haizivikanwi. Asi kubatanidzwa munguva kuberekwa pamufananidzo achava boka Sony Pictures uye mugadziri Scott Rudin achitoita achityaira kufarira remangwana firimu inobva "1984" (Dzhordzh Oruell). Chinovhara kwadzakabva anovimbisa kuva ano uye high quality.

The vakawanda pfungwa kubva pakuverenga

Chokwadi, akatendeseka kwazvo, unbiased chigadzirwa unhu vari wongororo chaidzo. "1984", Dzhordzh Oruell, uye nyika yose iye anosikwa resonated mumwoyo mamiriyoni vaverengi. Anoisa dzinopisa tsitsi uye dzinosiririsa, dzimwe nguva zvakaoma, kurerutsa uye zvinotyisa - bhuku rino, uyewo upenyu pachahwo. Pamwe nekuti zvinoratidzika kudaro zvechokwadi.

"Rusununguko - kureva kuti kaviri maviri nezvina", - anoti ari "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Quotes kubva mubhuku rino kuziva, kunyange vasina kuriverenga. Kuziva naye here. Uye kwete chete nokuda kurumbidzwa kwayo wongororo. "1984", Dzhordzh Oruell angadai akava bhuku uye munyori, uyo uchawana nzvimbo rukudzo ari pasherufu mune padivi dzimwe ounyanzvi mabhuku mwoyo.