Waste - chii ichi? kupatsanura

Vanhu kare aenda mhiri kwemarudzi kuripo murugare biosphere paNyika. A ano shanduro yebudiriro kuzviita uye nenzira zhinji kufunga kushandisa redu pfuma - zvicherwa, nevhu, kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, mvura uye mhepo. Zvose chii inosvika nokuda ruoko, vanhu ndiyo remade maererano kukura zvinodiwa zvedu technocratic munzanga. Izvi kwete chete kunotungamirira kuti Kuparadzwa yepasi kuti pfuma, asi vo kwaita akawandisa akasiyana chaiye rwerenje.

Chii tsvina zvavo? Ndivo dambudziko kwatiri?

Kana nyore uye generalize, matongo - ndiwo mugumisiro zvezvipfuwo uye maindasitiri mabasa vanhu, zvichiita kukuvadza zvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvinosanganisira chero technocratic zvinhu kana zvikamu vavo vakarasikirwa kukosha kwavo uye havachasungirwi anoshandiswa pamba, kubasa kana mune mamwe mabasa chero munhu. Nhasi zvinhu zvakadai kuti Pasi ane zvinogona chaizvoizvo achinyudza yavo tsvina, kana kwete chaizvo uye nokukurumidza matanho anotorwa.

Kufungidzira rapanzvimbo nyaya, chokwadi chimwe chete: mune dzimwe nyika, aigara guru unobereka pagore kusvika imwe tani weimba tsvina. Matani! Sezvineiwo, vakawanda izvi tsvina iri zvishandiswezve, asi vakawanda kugadzirisa pane hofori landfill, riri ungwandangwanda hwezvinhu zvakawanda mumaguta kupfuura munyika. Somuenzaniso, kumativi 800 hectares of Moscow chete vakaronga landfills. Uye zvichida kagumi zvoga - mu hova, pamahombekombe nenzizi nehova, roadsides.

Zvino kufungidzira chirimwa guru - metallurgia, Whitehead Textile, kemikari - haasi kukosha kudaro. Waste okuwana yakadaro Akayerawo mu matani, asi kwete nokuda kwegore rimwe zuva. Chimbofungidzira tsvina, rukova ichi chepfu kuenda kubva metallurgia chirimwa kuSiberia uye makemikari chirimwa kumwe Pakistan, motokari kugadzirwa muKorea uye fekitari pabepa zvigadzirwa mu China. Waste - dambudziko? Chokwadi, uye chakakomba zvikuru.

Nyaya tsvina

Kusati kwatombova chakaita zvokugadzirwa tsvina zvinhu, kazhinji kacho, haana kurarama. Broken demo, kusakara uye ugokandwa imwe hembe, chikepe akanyudza uye kunyange kukanganikwa, vashoma vane chikwindi Castle kunyange vaiva zvibereko basa nevanhu, asi usakanganisa nyika akashandisa - Organic kupatsanurwa, ari inorganic chinyararire uye murunyararo akasiya pasi, vakamirira nechido vematongo.

Zvichida yokutanga "chaiye" tsvina mhuri - ichi regirazi, asi nguva yokutanga yakabereka mu miniscule akawanda. Asi wokutanga zvakakura nemaindasitiri ari kwezana 18-19 emakore, pamwe veMubatanidzwa fekitari muchina mhando. Kubvira ipapo, nhamba yavo iri kuwedzera somunhu aval. Kana fekitari remakore 19 chete kusunungurwa mumhepo marasha combustion zvigadzirwa, maindasitiri hofori remakore 21 yakadururirwa nzizi, madhamu uye makungwa mamiriyoni marita anokosha chepfu, achivatsausa mu "makuva".

A zvechokwadi "echimurenga" budiriro iri kuwedzera uwandu mudzimba uye nemaindasitiri kwakaitika rechitatu remakore rechi20 rokutanga, pamwe mavambo kushandiswa kwakapararira epetroleum uye peturu zvigadzirwa mune ramangwana - epurasitiki.

Ndezvipi tsvina: kupatsanura

Vanhu kare emakore zvakabudisa yakadaro kunyanyisa chitsama tsvina kuti vanogona nyore mapoka mapoka; chikafu tsvina uye tsvina mapepa, girazi uye mapurasitiki, zvokurapa uye simbi, matanda uye rabha, radioactive, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Chokwadi, ivo kukwana yavo inokanganisa zvakatipoteredza. Kuti uwane kutarisana kumiririrwa ose tsvina isu agovane mumapoka akawanda maererano mwero pakusvibiswa.

Saka, chii kupambadza "zvakanaka", uye chii - the "zvakaipa"?

"Chiedza" tsvina

1. Paper. Izvi zvinosanganisira Mapepanhau okuberekwa, mabhuku, mapepa, mapepa, pepa makadhibhokisi dzisimbe, magazini anokwezva uye zvose. Processing uye marara tsvina bepa hunhu ndechimwe chezvinhu nyore - ruzhinji kwavari vanonzi tsvina mapepa uye zvadaro kutendeuka shure kupinda mapepanhau, magazini uye mabhokisi makadhibhokisi. Uye kunyange dumped mumukaha uye akanganwa bepa matongo achava pfupi (panyaya imwe mhando) kuti aputse pasina kuita kukuvadza zvikuru hunhu, kuwedzera ivhu uye mvura mavara pamwe mapeji akadhindwa. Yakaomesesa nokuda dzinongoitika manyowa munhu anokwezva bepa, asi zvikuru nyore - yakatsvuka uye friable.
2. Food. All Organic tsvina dzekubikira, maresitorendi, hotels, private mapurazi, zvokurima Holdings uye zvokudya mafekitari - zvose zvakaiswa "nenzara" munhu. Food tsvina uyewo anoora nokukurumidza, kunyange kana iwe funga kuti mumakore gumi apfuura pakudya zvishoma uye zvishoma dzinongoitika zvinhu uye zvakawanda kemisitiri. Just iye uye pokukuvadza hunhu - somuenzaniso, mishonga dzinowanzoshandiswa yaikura mombe, makemikari kuwedzera pasherefu upenyu uye mharidzo zvokudya. It chatinokoshesa pamusoro GMO uye preservatives. GMO, zvinoberekeswa dzakachinjwa zvokudya, muri nyaya vaitirane nharo vavengi vavo uye nevatsigiri. Preservatives ndiwo interlocks kwomuzvarirwo manyowa pane makemikari nyaya - vazhinji, vakatendeuka kuti ribve chaivo kutenderera manyowa uye zvisikwa.
3. Glass. zvichida Glass uye ayo mapoka akasiyana-siyana ndivo vakawanda vekare mhando "tsvina nevanhu." Kudivi rimwe, ivo inert uye regai kusunungura kupinda mhoteredzo, regai kuchetura mhepo uye mvura. Zvisinei, nokuti zvakakwana yokuwanda girazi anoparadza dzinongoitika nzvimbo - nharaunda zvipenyu. Somuenzaniso, mhuka vanokuvadzwa uye kufa pasina kudzivirira zvigadziriswe nevakawanda vakapararira inopinza zvidimbu - uye ichi hachisi nezvokuparara kuzvuzvungudza vanhu pachavo. Term kuwedzera regirazi iri anenge makore chiuru. Our zvizvarwa kure achava kukunda emapoka kure, uye nehombodo kukandwa mune yokurasa marara nhasi, muchada nguva dzose kuva pasi. Glass kwetsvina haisi nyaya rinokosha, uye saka nhamba yavo zvikawanda pamwe roga gore.

Waste "svikiro zvakaoma"

1. Plastic. Huwandu epurasitiki tsvina zvino chete zvinoshamisa - nyore enumeration kwazvakaita ayo Zvaizoda kuchitsauko mapeji. Hazvina kuwedzeredza kutaura kuti nhasi mapurasitiki kuita zvinenge zvose - kavha neimba midziyo yemagetsi, hombodo, zvipfeko, midziyo uye motokari, nemidziyo yacht. Uchiora mapurasitiki girazi iri kaviri sezvo kutsanya - makore 500 chete. Asi kusiyana naye, akapotsa nguva dzose kubudiswa mu kwezvakatipoteredza zvine chepfu. Uyewo, vamwe zvivako zviri epurasitiki kuti "chakakwana muurayi." vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti mumakungwa enyika vakanga "chitsuwa" yose dzenzvimbo vakauya hombodo, sepombi, mabhegi uye zvimwe "Profile" marara. Vanoparadza mamiriyoni zvomumvura zvipenyu. Somuenzaniso, shiri gungwa havagoni kusiyanisa epurasitiki zvidimbu zvokudya, uye muropa kufa kubva clogging muviri. Waste mapurasitiki kudya ndechimwe zvakakura kwezvakatipoteredza matambudziko nhasi.
2. Metallurgical tsvina, kana peturu zvigadzirwa, vamwe makemikari tsvina, uye kuvakwa mumotokari tsvina (kusanganisira vakwegura matai). izvi zvose kunosvibisa kwezvakatipoteredza zvikuru zvakasimba (kunyanya kana iwe kufungidzira chikero), asi kuora huri nokukurumidza - kwemakore 30-50.

Chinonyanya "inorema" tsvina

1. Dongo chine nemekiyuri. Broken thermometers uye marambi, vamwe namano. Tose yeuka kuti wakaputsika nemekiyuri lämpömittari akava kunobva makakatanwa guva mamiriro - vana pakarepo adzingwa munzvimbo "tsvina", apo vakuru vanyatsohuongorora akaunganidzawo "muroromero" pasi nemvura simbi balls. The yokunyanyisa toxicity pamusoro nemekiyuri vanoitirwawo ngozi murume uye kuti ivhu - ose gore makumi ematani zvinhu kuraswa, zvichiita irreparable kukuvara zvisikwa. Ndokusaka nemekiyuri basa yokutanga (soro) kirasi ngozi - akaronga anokosha zvinhu negashiro tsvina ine nemekiyuri uye midziyo pamwe izvi zvinhu zvinokuvadza inoiswa rakanamwa mumidziyo, akanzi uye zvakachengetwa kusvikira nguva nani, kana vanogona zvakanaka kuraswa - nokuti nguva kierrätys kuti nemekiyuri ndiyo va neudhadha chaizvo.
2. Batteries. Batteries, mhuri, maindasitiri uye motokari mabhatiri zvine kwete chete achitungamirira, asi sulfuric acid, uyewo zvakawanda zvimwe zvine chepfu, zvichiita zvakakomba kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Mumwe munhuwo bhatiri, izvo une kubva TV kure uye kukandwa mumigwagwa, uturu dzakawanda mativi mamita ivhu. Mumakore achangopfuura, maguta makuru akawanda dzakabuda Mobile muunganidzwa pfungwa kuti kushandiswa mhuri mabhatiri uye accumulators, izvo zvinoratidza yakakwirira ngozi wakabvunzwa tsvina yakadaro.
3. Mwaranzi. tsvina Most ngozi - rufu uye kuparadzwa kwaro sendarama chimiro. Mwaranzi mumisasa yakakwana kuparadza zvose zvipenyu zvose, kunyange pasina zvakananga kuonana. Ichokwadi, hakuna kurasa aipedza mafuta matanda ari landfill - the placement uye tsvina kubva "weheavy metal" chinhu chakakomba zvikuru kwacho. For yakaderera-pamwero uye zvenguva pamwero namatongo (kuva pfupi hafu-upenyu), midziyo yakasiyana-siyana umo chiutsi zvinhu azara simende dhaka kana bhitumini. Pashure yapfuura kuti hafu upenyu, tsvina yakadaro inogona kuraswa sezvo zvavo marara. High-pamwero tsvina chinogadzirwa kushandiswa yechipiri kunzwisisa uye zvinodhura ruzivo. Azere mukuru-chechetere tsvina kubudiswa "simbi inetsvina", panguva ino mwero zvokugadzira zvinhu kukura, hazvibviri, uye vari akaisa chaiyo mumidziyo, zvakachengeterwa kwenguva refu zvikuru nguva - semuenzaniso, uranium exchange-234 hafu-upenyu kweinenge zana makore zviuru!

Mafungiro dambudziko tsvina munyika yanhasi

Muzana remakore rechi21, dambudziko kusvibisa tsvina ndechimwe chezvinhu yokutsoropodza uye nharo. Same akasiyana ndiwo mafungiro nayo hurumende kunyika dzakasiyana. Munyika dzakawanda dzokuMadokero, dambudziko kubudiswa uye marara tsvina iri rinokosha - kuparadzana mhuri tsvina anoteverwa yakachengeteka kubudiswa, mazana mafekitari kuti marara, akadzivirira anokosha nzvimbo Kuraswa ngozi zvikuru uye zvine chepfu. Mumakore achangopfuura, mutemo "dzisiri tsvina upfumi" mune dzimwe nyika - marongedzero umo shandisazve tsvina vachava akaenzana 100%. Chinonyanya kure mumugwagwa uyu isu takaita Denmark, Japan, Sweden, Scotland uye Netherlands.

Munyika nyika nyika rechitatu mari uye sangano zviwanikwa kuti hurongwa kubudiswa uye marara tsvina ikoko. Izvi zvinoguma landfills huru apo matunhu neminisiparati tsvina achifuridzirwa mvura, zuva uye mhepo emit zvikuru chepfu chiutsi, Kusvibisa kumativi ose nokuda makumi makiromita. MuBrazil, Mexico, India, African nyika, mazana hectares tsvina ngozi idzodzi Multi miriyoni-guru, iro zuva kutsivira "reserves" avo tsvina itsva uye itsva.

All Nzira ndichiva kubvisa marara

1. Kwetsvina iri landfills. Nzira inonyanya marara. Kutaura zvazviri, marara chinobviswa chete pamberi, unorasirwa kunze mukova. Vamwe landfills muri kwekanguva chekuchengeta asati kubudiswa pamusoro marara chirimwa, uye vamwe, kunyanya munyika nyika rechitatu chete kukura kukura.
2. Landfilling pamusoro Sorted tsvina. Marara kwakadaro zvikuru "yakabudirira". kugadzira wayo isingadhuri zvikuru uye zvikuru tibudirire. Anenge nyika dzose dzokuMadokero European vakatamira kwegadziriro yoga dongo, uye nokuda wagumisa "Multi" pasuru pamwe tsvina mhuri inopiwa kwazvo mirango.
3. Incinerators. In miti yakadaro vanoparadzwa kushandisa tsvina kupisa. Zvichienderana mhando dongo uye zvinogonekwa zvemari, vachishandisa michina yakasiyana-siyana.
4. Incineration pamwe simba kupora ungwandangwanda. Zvino vakawanda painocheneserwa vari Kuenda michina kuti kugadzirwa simba kubva dongo - somuenzaniso, kuSweden "marara simba" akapa 20% munyika zvinodiwa. Nyika iri kutanga kunzwisisa kuti marara - zviri mari.
5. Kugadzira. A chinokosha chikamu tsvina inogona zvishandiswezve uye kushandiswazve. Zviri kusvika kunonyanyisa kukura disposability vava kutsvaka dzakabudirira. Zvikuru nyore marara uri bepa, matanda uye chikafu tsvina.
6. Kuzvichengetedza uye chengetedzo. Nzira iyi inoshandiswa zvikuru ngozi uye chepfu - mekuri, radioactive okuchengetera.

Mamiriro pamwe yokurasa marara uye marara muRussia

Russia munyaya iyi kure shure dzakabudirira. Complicating chacho munzvimbo yakakura, vakawanda zvisingachashandi emakambani, mamiriro wokuRussia upfumi, uye chii chinofanira vakareurura, zvipfuwo nemafungiro hunonyatsotsanangura akakurumbira okuti pamusoro chivako chokugara uye hwakanyanya vasingafariri vavakidzani kuziva matambudziko.

On uyo vanofanira kuva

Sweden asvika pamwero marara uye tsvina kutarisirwa kuti zvakanga zvisina kukwana! YeSweden kunyange kubatsira kana ichi vomuNorway, nokuti mutengo kufambira mhuri uye maindasitiri avo namatongo.

The Japanese zvakare kushamiswa navavakidzani vavo - muJapan 98% of simbi inoshandiswa yechipiri. Uyezve, munguva pfupi yapfuura, masayendisiti Japanese akaziva utachiona vanodya chikweshe! Maererano akangwarira vanofungidzira izvi Micro-zvinenge mune ramangwana vachava nzira chikuru marara polyethylene.