Pakurwisa kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa munyika: zvinobudirira Way

Tinorarama munguva kwakapararira urbanization, apo maguta richikura, uye vanhu vavo dzichiwedzera zuva roga roga. Panguva iyoyowo kuwedzera nhamba motokari mumigwagwa yeguta: motokari, marori, mabhazi uye trams. Asi kazhinji Migwagwa dzomumaguta havasi akagadzirirwa kwakadaro chokufambisa Rwako simba. Sezvo guta kukurira dambudziko iri uye sei pakurwisa kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa?

Traffic jamhu - chii?

The senga chubhu (kana motokari kuzara) inomiririra kunyanyisa kuunganidza motokari imwe mugwagwa chikamu. Kana ichi mugwagwa vanoshandisa vari kutamira pane zvishoma chaizvo zvazvingava, kana kwete kutamira zvachose.

Chii dzinonakidza, maererano achangobuda mumirau munyika motokari yedu, hatina yokuti "kuzara" kana "koko" iri pamutemo mumunda. Zvisina kunanga, kuti mumigwagwa yakawandisa motokari mune mubvunzo umwe chete ndima yacho Regulation - 13.2. Zvisinei, muna 2006 ari Russian Federation chakaitwa yokusuma mutsva chikwangwani vatyairi (pfupi) Nyevero pamusoro kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa mumugwagwa.

Pakurwisa kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa munyika - nderimwe yose dzomumaguta matambudziko. Zvechokwadi, kuvapo kugara kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa muguta kwakaipa ayo functionality, kazhinji tinogona kunyange remadza kunowanzoitika upenyu dzomumaguta hurongwa. Pashure pezvose, kana isu fungidzira muguta guru muviri, ayo tikurukure uye mugwagwa kunogona kufananidzwa arteries womunhu muviri. Naizvozvo, makanzuru remaguta makuru munyika teererai guru dambudziko iri, kuumba itsva aungazviita kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa.

Kuzara - zvishoma nhoroondo

Zvakaoma kutenda, asi chinetso mugwagwa kuzara akazviratidza refu chaizvo nguva kare. Cork kwakaitika mumaguta ari XVII remakore, uye raiva murairidzi-chimiso! Panguva ino mumigwagwa kune varairidzi vazhinji naye wakamanikana mumigwagwa zvakanga zvakaoma kubata.

Wave yechipiri rwemotokari kuzara mumaguta makuru inowira kuguma XIX remakore, apo paiva mhando zvavose, sezvo chitima. Nokuti dzimwe nguva, takakwanisa kupedza dambudziko kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa muna 20-30-ies chokuita kuvaka pevhu enyika mumaguta makuru. Asi yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri dambudziko iri zvakare kuita pachayo ainzwa nanhasi Zvinotambudza kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa munyika chinoramba kukurumidza basa.

The guru kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa munhau

History akaita yakanyorwa mienzaniso yakawanda guru guta kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa. Tinopa iwe matatu kupfuura anozivikanwa vavo:

1. New York, 1969. Tube kureba 70 (!) Makiromita. Reason: guru dombo mutambo muguta.
2. Chicago, 2011. Paiva kuparara chaiye muguta racho nezvifambiso zvinosvika, kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa mberi kusvika 12 maawa. Reason: blizzard.
3. São Paulo, 2013. Ichi chichiri kupfuura chinzvimbo kuwandisa kwemotokari munhoroondo, yakasvika kureba 309 makiromita!

Chikonzero chikuru - womunhu chinhu

Zvikonzero izvi chaizvoizvo zvikuru zvizhinji. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kukonzera kuwandisa kwemotokari ichaongororwa kuti vanhu chikonzero. Mumugwagwa, kazhinji zvichiita kuti asangane unhu sezvinoita "Ini kutedzemuka!". Somugumisiro - pakaita dambudziko mumugwagwa unofamba motokari dzakawanda, kuzara uye mazana nevatyairi pamwe nokupambarwa kumunetsawo. Zvoufuza uye unserious atinoitwa motokari anogona taora chaizvo nemigumisiro. Cork zvinogonawo kuumbwa, uye somugumisiro zvakonzerwa motokari Kuparara mumugwagwa. Izvi zvinogona kuitika chero kwavanenge.

Asi zvinoitika uye kuti Mash achiumbwa pasi sandara, yakafara mugwagwa, pasina chikonzero. Kuti nyaya yakadaro zvikuru, kunyanya nokuda mumadhorobha planners, vatsvakurudzi, uye pakurwisa kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa iyi nyaya inonyanya kuoma.

The zvinokonzera motokari kuzara

Dzavo zvikonzero zvinogona chinangwa uye kuzviitira, zvachose kana ezvinhu. Uye zvinokosha kuziva kuti pakurwisa kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa - hazvina kudaro zvikuru hondo pamwe isu kuzara, vakawanda vanotambura dzavo zvinokonzera. Saka, mubvunzo uyu zvinoda kwazvo kuzviongorora.

Funga inokosha uye zvakajairika zvinokonzera:

• hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka vari mumugwagwa mamiriro;
• unregulated kuvapo panosangana kunzwisisa;
• hapana Homwe panguva mabhazi kwamira;
• disruptions rwemotokari zviedza;
• Kuwanikwa kupaka zvausiri vakagadzirira munda uyu pomugwagwa.

Rine dzose zvinokonzera kuzara. By ezvinhu (kana chero) zvikonzero zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• ichivharira kufamba kutamisira tuples;
• vagadzirise basa mumigwagwa;
• okunze (dutu, chando, mvura, etc.);
• chakakomba kutyora rwemotokari mitemo maererano nomumwe nhengo kufamba;
• tsaona mumugwagwa.

The chikuru Migumisiro motokari kuzara

Migumisiro rwemotokari kuzara kunogona kuva zvisina kunaka chaizvo. Kunyanya, kuti:

• zvinoderedza vanokwanisa pakati mugwagwa;
• kwoupfumi nokuti guta rose;
• kurasikirwa anokosha nguva nhengo kufamba;
• kuwedzera hunokuvadza choutsi muimba mumaguta ezvinhu;
• kuwedzera mafuta kudya;
• kusvibisa ruzha of dzomumaguta kwezvakatipoteredza;
• zvimwe kushushikana nokuti vatyairi uye nevagari.

Kuzara uye Science

Zvinofadza kuona kuti pakurwisa motokari kuzara vane hanya kwete chete vakuru, asi masayendisiti, kunyanya mathematicians. Vakashandisa kwemasvomhu Modelling nzira kupindura mibvunzo: "? Varipiko mumigwagwa yakawandisa motokari" uye "sei kubata navo?".

Masayendisiti akawana kuti kuzara kunogona kuitika pasina chikonzero pachena uye zvekungofungira. Naizvozvo, vakazoona kuti koko anogona zvinowanzoitika pamigwagwa nokuda kwakakasharara vamwe vechikamu racho.

Wokutanga muenzaniso wenhoroondo kupedza dambudziko iri rinogona kunzi sezvo chikumbiro kuna Paris meya wacho muhofisi yakakurumbira musayendisiti Blaise Pascal kare ra1654. Akapa kuti varairidzi kuti optimize chirongwa kwebasa guru French. Tikanyatsoongorora motokari Rwako zvawave kwemakore zana.

Chinorwisa motokari kuzara: asi Classic nzira

Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri zvenzara scratching misoro yavo zana pfungwa munyika yose. With chakakomba hunoshanda uye yokungotaura zveBhaibheri vanhu akagona kutanga zvinotevera nzira kurwisa kuzara:

• uvandudze pamusoro interchanges uye panosangana, uyewo kuvakwa vatsva;
• pokugadzwa mabhazi (umo pachena mienzaniso munyika - guta rokuBrazil Curitiba);
• Chikumbiro micheka vane rakatumbuka kutungamirirwa inofamba;
• yakarurama kuchinja yavashambadziri zviedza;
• pakuwedzera mugwagwa;
• pakatanga mazai kupinda kune vamwe (dambudziko) nzvimbo guta;
• kukurudzira pfungwa maitiro munzira;
• kukura pachivande, uyewo kuchovha;
• kushandiswa zvikuru nzira nekombiyuta uye michina.

Pakurwisa kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa munyika: mienzaniso zvinonakidza

Kubva kuzara vanotambura zvikuru zvikuru mumaguta: New York, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Chicago, Moscow nemamwe maguta.

Zvinofadza kuti kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko kuzara muAthens. Pane weekday kuti kunyange nhamba mumugwagwa ari chete vanobvumirwa kusiya motokari, ane nhamba magumo iri kunyange nhamba. On shamisa misi karenda - zvakanyatsosiyana. Saka, mumwe muchina anogona kuenda kuguta pazuva. Kana mapurisa chiziviso mumotokari kuti akaputsa mitemo, ipapo muridzi wayo achafanira kubhadhara faindi 72 euros. nzira dzakafanana zvinoshandiswa, uye kuSão Paulo.

Asi kuSingapore, pamwe kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa vari kutambura quotas. Sezvatinoziva, guta iri chaizvo anotambura dhefisiti nzvimbo. Saka, muna Singapore mutyairi haafaniri kungova kutenga motokari, asi kuti kutenga kota kushandiswa kwayo. Quotas vanotengeswa panguva okisheni, uye avhareji mutengo kweinenge $ 8.000.

Asi chii chinonzi hondo pamwe kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa muMoscow? Panguva iyoyo, wose kurwisa ipfupi kuchitendero kweDzimba panosangana itsva uye pevhu. A unobatsira chaizvo chirongwa kuti kurwisana kuzara wava Internet zvekuvaka "Yandex-kuparidzirwa", iro rine operative mashoko sezvo motokari runoyerera muguta.

Saka, kuzara - ichi chinhu chisingadzivisiki mugumisiro urbanization. Pakurwisa kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa munyika iri kuitwa dzakasiyana, uye masayendisiti kushanda dambudziko iri, dzichiri zvikuru nzira itsva Kurwisa kwakadaro.