People Campo unhu, dzinokosha muviri uye mararamiro

Parizvino munyika mune marudzi duku zhinji kuti vari panguva chinyakare padanho kukura, muri vangowana uye havana chido kuchinja chinhu muupenyu hwangu. Mumwe wavo - vanhu Campa, vane tsika - unoshamisa muenzaniso kurarama maererano zvakasikwa.

ndivo Kampa Who

Kampa vaiona kupfuura vazhinji pakati Indian madzinza ose South America. nhamba yavo zvinofungidzirwa munzira dzakasiyana - kana vanhu 50 kana 70 zviuru. Most vanogara Peru pamahombekombe erwizi Tambo, Ucayali, Perene uye Apurimac. A kuduku chikamu worudzi anogara kuBrazil kurudyi mutero of Amazon - River juruá rwizi.

Task: "Ipai vanhu Kampa" chinhu kunogona kukonzera dambudziko, sezvo zita "Kampa" zvino hazviwanzoitiki. Zvinonzi vaiona usashanda uye dzimwe nguva kunyange ukashora. Kazhinji pazvinhu rudzi urwu rinoshandisa yayo ethnonym - Ashaninka.

Kubvira kare kare, kuti Ashaninka kurarama remake yeAmazon. Vari kubatana vaInca, akasangana Spanish dzakadzidzvinyirira ari XVII remakore, French Catholic nemamishinari XIX, zvinodhaka vaitengerana ari XX remakore. Asi kusvikira ikozvino, maIndia vachirarama upenyu zvakafanana madzibaba avo akaita mazana emakore akapfuura. Kampa vanhu ndakadaro vari kukura kwavo.

zvidzidzo Key

Kufanana zvekare marudzi ose, munyika upenyu Ashaninka dzinokosha kuunganidzwa, hove uye kuvhima, asi zvisinei, yokuteverera - asi wokuwedzera rine zvokudya pane mukuru. Kunyange zvazvo aine vavhimi nepfumo uta uye vakakwanisa sowakajeka.

The chikuru basa zvakafanana rudzi, kufanana emakore akawanda akapfuura, ari yokutema miti-uye-pisa kurima. Mufarinya, zvinozipa mbatatisi, pepper, manhanga, mabhanana - ndivo vanonyanya zvirimwa kuti vanhu zvikure Campo. Characterization yemabasa ayo kwaizova kukwana pasina muchirumbidza siyana ounyanzvi.

Ashaninka vari mubasa mukugadzira zvehari, machira zvinonyadzisa kubva huni fibers kana donje mhuka uye chinyakare zvishandiso, kureva, zvose unofanira muna upfumi. Ichi chinhu chaizvo andinenge uye yakazvimiririra vanhu kubva zvakanakira yebudiriro.

Kukudziridza coca mugwenzi

Asi kana mugari Peru akabvunza: "Tsanangura Kampa vanhu", zvingangoita kuti kurangarira hakusi, uye tsika kutsenga coca mashizha. Zvechokwadi, Apurimac River mumupata, kumba Kampa, azivikanwa wokutanga munyika coca kurimwa. Asi maIndia kuti kashoma nayo vazvinorimirwa, uye kukohwewa Mashizha miti yomusango uye kutsutsumwa pamusoro yecocoa, ayo akatunhidzwa vaitengerana. Vatengesi coca, akatema dondo, uye kazhinji kutungamirira mumwe hondo chaiyo, muri ngozi vanhu Campo.

Mararamiro

Ashaninka vemunharaunda kurarama mumisha miduku. Kazhinji, vaviri kuvaka kumativi kari, uye bachelors mupenyu vachiravana. The vemunharaunda neKomisheni nevakuru, uye mashameni, asi ivo, kunyange vanoremekedzwa, zvakakomba basa hutungamiri regai kutamba.

People Kampa - a Semi-runochengeta rudzi. Chengetedza hunhu zvokurima kunokonzera kubva nguva nenguva kuti vatame, kuti ape nyika zororo, uye matanda - kuwanazve zvoga.

Iyi haisi zvehondo rudzi, asi Ashaninka vakagadzirira kudzivirira nyika yavo uye nzira youpenyu. Uye kazhinji vane kundorwa namarudzi dzomusango, iyo veko vanodana "Bravos". Izvi inonzi asiri kuonana madzinza dzimwe nguva vaidzvinyirira vanhu Campo chaizvo. Varipi savages, hazvina chaizvo kuzivikanwa, asi anoratidza kuti watsemuka yaiparadza anogona chokuita muhombe kwemiti. Vakuru Ashaninka kunyange nyaya Hurumende Brazil rubatsiro.

Zvakafanana matambudziko zvemo vanhu Amazon rokusika madhiragi, uyewo akavhiyiwa muchiuto munguva womukati kunetsana kuPeru muna 1980-2000, ukuwo.

zvitendero

Chitendero rudzi urwu, yepamutemo mashoko ari Catholic. Asi chokwadi, tsika dzokunamata ekare kuramba kugara nzvimbo inokosha vanhu mupfungwa, uye mashameni vaite dzavo, sezvo vaiva mazana emakore akapfuura. Ndiani chete musanamata vanhu Campo. Maitiro ake zvaaitenda uye zvinosanganisira chinyakare animism uye kunamata wemweya zvinomera uye zvinhu kunamata kwechiKristu, uye kunyange zvimedu muzvitendero zvenyika vaInca vekare.

Mumwe vachinamatwa vanhu Kampa - muzambiringa Una of cat - "nzwara katsi kuti". Inogona kusvika tridtsatimetrovoy urefu uye upenyu kwemakumi emakore. MaIndia kare akashandisa kuporesa ehupfumi ari goko uye kunyanya midzi chirimwa ichi. Pane zvakawanda kungotaura pamusoro kushandiswa atakatora Midzi mizambiringa sechinhu anticancer mumiririri. A Ashaninka vanodavira kuti mizambiringa izvi, sezvinoita amai, kudzivirira vana vake - maIndia.

Kampa munyika yanhasi

Pasinei nokuti rudzi kuramba zvikurukuru tsika mararamiro, hazvina usagunzva zvikuru yakabudirira marudzi. Tiine 20-ies wekupedzisira remakore wakabva Amazon madzinza ushande vashandi mubayiro ari matanda mumisasa, mune mombe mapurazi ari kuunganidzwa rabha, uye zvichingodaro. D. No Kusara uye vanhu Campo. Unhu kuti kubvumira vashandi kuti vashandi pakati Ashaninka rudzi, kazhinji zvakanaka; ivo nesimba-vanoshanda, kwete kutya nezvinetso, zvakanaka kuziva nomusango uye ainyatsoziva miti, izvo chaizvo zvokurima rabha.

Uye mugumo XX remakore Kampa vachishingaira kubatanidzwa upenyu enyika, kunyanya mukudzivirira pfungwa chokudzivirira Amazon sango kubva kwemiti. The sezvamunoita Amazon Alliance akaumba marudzi vaigara eAndes mezvikomo inosanganisira Ashaninka Indian munharaunda. Kune vanhu Kampa, kana pane, ayo vamiririri uye dzinza kushamwaridzana, vanoshandira kudzivirira kwomuzvarirwo dzinogarisana pakati maIndia Amazon.