Muzinda risingakanganwiki St. Petersburg: rondedzero uye mufananidzo. UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Kusiyana St. Petersburg zvayo kunoshamisa mapurani, une unhu pachavo simba. Ndosaka nhoroondo muzinda St. Petersburg chikamu UNESCO nhaka zvawo.

guta rino muduku zvokuti akapfuma munhoroondo, kuti zvaizova zvinokwana maguta anoverengeka. Raiva guta guru guru Russian Empire, uko zvakaitika, bata kwete nyika asiwo nyika takawanda. Nepakati wekare uye zvivako St. Petersburg kune zvapupu.

History of kuvakwa guta

Kare 1703 pachitsuwa panzvimbo kuparadzana rwizi Neva pamusoro maoko 2 - Big uye Small Neva - rakaumbwa St. Petersburg nhare, ane kuvaka yakaitwa kukurumidza, sezvo hondo yakaenderera mberi, uye pamhenderekedzo muGulf of Finland chaidiwa kuwana nzvimbo chero nzira.

Wetlands kufambira kuvakwa pamasvingo wakakombwa uye akauraya zviuru zvevanhu, kwete wakatsigira kunyanyisa mumuviri nesimba uye zvakaoma kushanda ezvinhu. In kuvaka muchivanze zvivako okutanga yematanda vakanga chakavakwa: kereke St. Peter naPauro, neDare, kuti zvombo uye chikuru chemishonga. Anenge makore 300 zvaida kunzvimbo idzi vakava chii chinobatanidzwa munhoroondo pakati St. Petersburg.

Pashure 3 makore kupikidura namasvingo zvishoma nezvishoma vanotanga ibwe, vakatora anenge makore 35. Pakutanga, Petro ndaishuvira kuti guta rakanga zvachose panguva mharadzano yacho mugero, vachitevera muenzaniso Venice, asi kuvakwa akapfuurira dzimwe purani. Mumazuva ano St. Petersburg migero kugara chete 10% of nzvimbo, riri 300? Km.

St. Petersburg uyewo akadada mabhiriji ayo, izvo zviri vanopfuura 300 hukuru siyana uye marudzi. Achikura, guta zvishoma nezvishoma vawana zvinhu zviri yaizivikanwa nhasi, St Petersburg.

Munguva yedu, vakokwa kuchamhembe vakapofumara guru nezvazvo, sokunge enhoroondo muzinda St. Petersburg, uye nei nzvimbo.

Peter uye Paul nhare

Nhare, iyo yakava sechivako guru yemberi uye nhasi saPauro rokutanga, akawana zita rayo kubva kuchechi, riri pamusoro munharaunda yayo. Nhasi akamborarama muzinda St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg iyo akanyatsoti kuzivikanwa "Peter uye Paul Fortress" uye aiziva masvingo aro kumirira masikati pena kubva kanoni.

Nemamiriro wakakombwa vakadaro mapurani Zvivako sezvo Commandant pakati Engineers House, Treasury uye Petro Paul Cathedral. Nechekare pakutanga rechi18 nhare yakava vakasungirwa zvematongerwo enyika, uye mumwe vasungwa wokutanga waiva mwanakomana Peter I Tsarevich Alexei.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, ibwe masvingo akatanga kuderera, saka kwakasarudzwa kuti "kupfeka" Neva uye nhare masvingo ari girenayiti. Ndicho nhasi uye Paul Fortress, iro rakava pakukura Russian munhoroondo miziyamu.

Admiralty

Chivako wokutanga kuruboshwe kumahombekombe Neva aiva pakuvaka Admiralty. Pakutanga kunambwa Peter I zvatinosiita shipyard, iri pedyo Petro naPauro nhare, rava rakavakirirwa chaiwo nhare. Chisarudzo kuvaka nhare paiva kuramba mungozi yokurwiswa nyika yeSweden ari muduku guta.

Yokutanga chivakwa Admiralty yakapedzwa muna 1705, uye nhasi rose Architectural ensemble kunozivikanwa UNESCO somumwe chakanakisisa munyika. Chitarisiko chake zvachinja zvishoma nezvishoma. Pakutanga zvakanga imba inovakwa muchimiro tsamba "P", riri dzichengeterwe mukati shipyard. Around iye wakange akacherwa gomba, riri shure mumafuro yakanakisisa dzokuonera dzakanga.

Papera nguva, ikava wemarudzi Alexandrovsky bindu, takapoteredzwa 3 akaenzana - St. Isaka, dare uye Palace. At Admiralty Shipyards akavaka zvikepe anopfuura 300, kusvikira yakavharwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, uye chivako rakavakwazve zvachose. Panguva kuti zvakanzi "vawana" inozivikanwa spire ake. On kwakasimbisa mhepo vanekuva chairatidzika muchikepe, akafukidzwa nendarama.

Admiralty nhasi - rakanaka Monument wokukurumidza classicism, chikamu chenhaka nyika. St. Petersburg kwakaita nhoroondo pakati zvinobva kuna Admiralty uye nhatu yakashatiswa mumufambiro matanda akakurumbira mumugwagwa - Nevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street uye Voznesensky Prospekt.

St. vaIsaka Cathedral

Kuva wechina munyika kukura, Cathedral St. vaIsaka muSt Petersburg ane refu uye zvinosuruvarisa nhoroondo meimba. Kwakapiwa kuti wokutanga shanduro Church yakavakwa muna 1707, uye ayo yokupedzisira shanduro yakanga vagadzwe 1858, kuti pakuvaka akatora anenge makore 150.

Pakutanga kwaiva nechechi yemapuranga yakavakwa zvakare pedyo Neva. Muna 1717, zvakanga akasarudza kutsiva ibwe building, asi muna 1724 zvakakomba nemhaka napedyo yayo kurwizi uye hwaro akaipa akawanikwa ari Church. It akaedza kuvakazve uye kusimbisa nokuramba Catherine I murayiro, asi pashure menguva, akatsva kupfurikidza mheni ranwa.

Kwakasarudzwa kuvaka Cathedral St. Isaka panguva Admiralty Meadow, kwaakabereka mugove waIsaka, uye Seneti Square. Basa idzva agamuchirwa akakura chaizvo uye yakajeka tiled ari machena, asi rufu Catherine II kumisa basa rokuvaka kana chivako chacho avaka pamberi hafu.

Ndiani akakwira chigaro Paul I akarayira kuti apedzise kuvaka Cathedral iri ibwe, akasarudza kushandisa Zvakasara machena nokuda kuvaka muzinda wake. zvinopikisana izvi marongerwo kwakakonzera kuti kwakatanga kunaya purasita. Zvaida idzva rokuvakazve imba, nokuti icho kare Alexander I muna 1809 rakazivisa makwikwi pakati ezvivako.

Yaifanira kunge atova shanduro yechina St. kwaIsaka Cathedral. Implementer chirongwa akasarudzwa Montferrand, ari kubudirira iyo yaiva kumboitika kuwanda nomuzvanza nheyo inoungana (10 762), kuvaka-makore 40 uye mari yakakura nokuti nguva iyo akaita church kupfuura zvinodhura muEurope (23,256,852 rubles., Uye 80 kopecks.).

Kunyange zvakadaro, Cathedral St. vaIsaka muSt Petersburg - ndiko nhasi rimwe yakaisvonaka kwazvo munyika uye iri mune UNESCO nhaka nyika.

Nevsky Tariro

Nevsky - huru Avenue, inomiririra nhoroondo muzinda St. Petersburg. It Anotambanudza 4,5? Km kubva Admiralty kusvika Alexander Nevsky wemamonk, unobva 4 zvitsuwa pamusoro Neva River. Kamwe pamuviri sezvo huru "pershpektiva" guta, Nevsky Prospekt yakavakwa kumativi maviri panguva imwe chete uye havana kudzivisa chiitiko. Paakasvika pakati vavaki vakaona chikanganiso ari Masvomhu, saka ane zororo. Chikamu kuti yakavakwa muna 1718 kubva wemamongi, yainzi Neva, uye mugove Admiralty, yakapedzwa muna 1720, ainzi "Most pershpektiva".

The zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro Nevsky Prospekt dzoushe kwamachinda, vavaFiristia dzimba uye machechi zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti nhasi mukuru mumugwagwa chete zvenyika, apo pane machechi ose 4 chemasangano vechiKristu uye zvivako dzakakurumbira anoumba munhau muzinda St. Petersburg.

Munguva Soviet, isu vakaedza rename mumugwagwa, asi mazita regai kurarama, saka Nevsky Prospekt munguva yedu inozivikanwa uyewo Broadway mu New York, kuti Arbat muMoscow uye Deribasovskaya muna Odessa.

Mate pamusoro Vasilyevsky Island

Kuti tinzwisise, zvinoita sokunge enhoroondo muzinda St. Petersburg, zvakakwana kuuya pamusoro Vasilevsky Island. Kunyange munguva Peter I, kwakasarudzwa kuti budiriro "Museve" Vasilyevsky Island.

Under basa, paiva ivakwe, "Gumi namaviri mapuranga" (soro nehurumende kupfungwa), kuti Stock Exchange, iyo Cathedral uye Gostiny Dvor, asi kuvaka pamusoro pfungwa yakazadzika chete aoma. Curiosities dzakavakwa uye muzinda Queen Praskovya Feodorovna, uyo pamusana Academy of Sciences.

Kurutivi rwezasi ritenderane kuumbwa, uye kurutivi rwokumusoro "miseve" vaiva berths kuti tichibvisa ngarava uye mukutsinhana apo zveefa zvakaitwa. Panewo yokutandarira uye chivanze dzimba.

Mukupera remakore rechi18, kwakasarudzwa kuita kugadzirisa Exchange uye kuvakwa kwezvivako zvitsva zviri chikoro. Nokuda chitsuwa ichi akaonekwa rakaisvonaka bhikoni shongwe, izvo nhasi ndivo "kudana kadhi" chacho.

Nechemberi Neva embankment

Wepachiteshi chacho ainzi rokutanga kuti kamwe akasangana zvikepe vatorwa, rinonzi Chirungu. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuvakwa racho pakarepo nezvezvandaifanira kuti iye ndiye "chiso" guta uye anomhanya panheyo 'kuramba pamadziro ". Pashure kusangana naye girenayiti mukupera rechi18 rakava kupfuura mufashoni nzvimbo yeguta. Heino imba yenzvimbo zvikuru nerakakurumbira vanhu Russian Empire.

Palace Square

Mufananidzo Palace Square yakaumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Yakavakwa muna 1762 Rastrelli yakanaka Winter Palace, pakatarisana kuseri kwedzimba dziri mhiri pachivara. kuvaka Its vakatanga refu muitiro, sezvo chete muna 1829 yakagadzirwa ne Carlo Rossi kuvakwa wakarebesa yokufeva chivako Europe rakapera. Rinoumbwa 2 zvivako zvakabatana pedyo kwokukunda yokufeva, kuvaka, uye nhasi Zvinoshamisa pakunaka kwawo uye monumentality.

Muna 1834, yakanga yakaiswa muna Palace Square Alexander Column. Munguva 40s munharaunda wakakurisa dzimbahwe chivakwa Guards Corps uye Post kwemba.

UNESCO nhaka

Muzinda yose risingakanganwiki St. Petersburg, iro Kuziviswa iyo haina zvinoparadzira kunaka uye nyasha, rwuripowo UNESCO nhaka mazita. Zvichida ndiye mumwe "gotwe" chenhau Zvivako rakakura kudai pazvinhu izvi.