Narva (Estonia): nhoroondo, zviitiko, zvinonakidza zvisizvo

Narva (Estonia) iguta duku kudarika pasi rose, asi rakakura zvakakwana pachiyero chenyika yaro. Inowanikwa kumadokero kumabvazuva kwehurumende, pamabhandi emuganhu werwizi ane zita rimwe chete. Muchikamu chino tichataura pamusoro pezvakaitika nekuonekwa kweguta reEstonia.

Estonia uye maguta ayo makuru

Estonia ndiyo duku yeBaltic nyika iri muNorthern Europe. Iko musha kune vanhu 1.3 mamiriyoni chete. Nokudaro, guta reEstonia rakaoma kwazvo kuenzanisa (mukukura uye nzvimbo) neRussia, Ukrainian, nezvimwewo.

Kusvika iye zvino, misha 47 iri munyika ino inofungidzirwa semaguta. Inenge chikamu chetatu chevanhu vemuEstonia vanogara kune chikuru pane vose - Tallinn. Munyika gumi nemashanu chete yenyika iyo vanhu vanopfuura 10 000 vanhu, uye mune imwe yacho haina kusvika zviuru zvevagari vemo!

Maguta makuru eEstonia ndiwo Tallinn, Tartu, Narva, Pärnu naKohtla-Järve. Zvadaro tichazotaura nezvaNarva.

Narva iri pamepu yeEstonia: zvinhu zvezvimbo

Guta racho, nemhaka yenharaunda yayo, nguva dzose raive nechinzvimbo chakakosha chimiro. Nhasi, basa rayo riri pamusoro pezvose mukurudzirwa kwekuvakwa kwechiRussia-Estonian hukama hwepakati.

Narva (Estonia) iri munzvimbo yakanyanyisa kumabvazuva kwenyika, kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rweNarva River. Panzvimbo yakatarisana nehova ikozvino yeRussian Ivangorod. Zvinyorwa zviviri zvinosangana pano izvo zvinonzi Bridge of Friendship. Uye kubva kumahombekombe erwizi rworwizi rakatarisana mumwe nemumwe masvingo maviri emakore ekumavirira.

Mune mazuva ano Narva, vanenge zviuru makumi matanhatu vanhu vanogara. Munharaunda yeguta, dambudziko remasimba emagetsi rinoshandiswa pane slate rakavakwa, iro ndiro guru remabhizimusi emabhizimisi eNarva.

Nhoroondo yemuganhu weguta

Mune gore ripi Narva yakagadzirwa? Estonia, sehurumende ine zita rakadaro, yakasimuka kwenguva refu. Asi nhoroondo yeNarva yakatanga kune iri kure 1223, zuva renheyo dzaro pamabhandi erwizi rwenhare. Pakutanga guta racho raiva reDenmark, uye zvakare kuLiponia. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana, mutungamiriri weRussian Ivan III akavaka nhare yeIvangorod yakatarisana naNarva . Uye muna May 1558 Mauto eMoscow akatora guta.

Zvisinei, vaRussia havana kufarira Gungwa reBaltic, iro raive muna 1581 rakabata Narva. Chimwe chiedza chitsva chokudzosa zvakare guta racho rakaitwa chete naPeter wekutanga, kutanga muna 1700 muNorthern War. Mushure memakore mana, mauto eRussia zvakare akatora guta iri kuNarva.

Nokufamba kwenguva, Narva inorasikirwa nayo kamwechete inokosha kukosha kwehutano. Pakati pezana remakore re XIX, chikwata cheKrenholm chakaonekwa ikoko, chakashandura guta racho muzinda mukuru wetimba reMambo weRussia. Munguva yekuvandudzwa kwezviitiko zvegore ra1917 vagari veNarva vakakwanisa kugadziriswa kweguta ravo kunyika yeEstland. Mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika Yenyika Ikutanga, kugadzirisa kwaive kwave iko iko kweEstonia.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, guta racho rakatambudzwa zvikuru nekuputika kweSoviet ndege. Muna July 1944 Narva aigara nemasoja eRed Army. Mushure mekuparadzwa kweU.S.R, yakazviwana zvakare muEstonia yakazvimiririra, kunyange munzvimbo iyi pane mazano ekuumba pano zvinonzi Narva Autonomous Republic.

Narva (Estonia): izvo zvinonyanya kukosha zveguta racho

Zvivako zviduku zvezvakaitika kare uye zvekuvakwa zvakachengetedzwa mudiki Narva. Pakati pavo inonakidza uye inokosha ndeyekuti:

• Narva Castle uye masvingo eguta (zvigaro).
• City Hall.
• The Alexander Church.
• Resurrection Cathedral.
• Complex yezvivako zveKrengolmskaya Manufactory.
• Dzimba dzekugaramo zvezana remakore XVII paKoidula mumugwagwa.
• Krenholm Hospital muNeo-Gothic style.
• Monument "Swedish Lion" nevamwe.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinofadza muguta reNarva? Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndecheimba yekare yeHerman, yakatangwa muzana remakore rechigumi nemana. Inowanikwa pamahombekombe erwizi, ichizvikudza pamusoro peguta rekare. Nhasi, nhare yakadzorerwa zvakakwana, uye inovaka nhoroondo yemamamende. Kusvikira mazuva edu uye zvivako zvekuchengetedza zveguta zveNarva - zvakachengetwa masere ematombo masere.

Chimwe chechipiri chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chivako ndiro Town Hall, yakavakwa muna 1669. Chivako chiri mumutauro weDutch classicism ne turret ine nyasha mukati-kati inotarisa mifananidzo yakawanda mumuguta reEstonia.

MuNarva unogonawo kuona zvivako zviviri zvekare zvezvitendero. Iyi kereke yeLutheran yakavakwa muna 1884 mukurangarira kwaMambo Alexander II, pamwe neOrthodox Resurrection Cathedral. Iyo yakashongedzwa yekupedzisira ndiyo yakavezwa yakavezwa yakashongedzwa iconostasis, iyo inopindirana zvakakwana nekunze kwemukati kwechechi.

Upenyu pamucheto weEU: zvinonakidza pamusoro peNarva

Mamwe mashomanana anofadza pamusoro pemuganhu weEstonia uri kumiganhu:

• 80% yemuguta vemuRussia;
• 4-5% chete yevanhu vanotaura Narva muchiEstonia;
• Nharaunda kubva kuNarva kusvika kuSt. Petersburg iri pasi kudarika kubva kuNarva kuenda kuTallinn;
• Mauto eSoviet muna 1944 akasangana nevagari vaviri chete vekuNarva;
• Munhoroondo yenyika yeEstonia hapana hondo imwe chete kana hondo inenge isingabatanidzi neguta iri;
• Vanenge 9% veNarva vagari vese vanotakura utachiona hweHIV;
• Chitsuwa cheKrenholm, chiri munharaunda yeRwizi rwaNarva, ndiyo iri kumabvazuva kweEstonia.

Mukupedzisa ...

Guta rechitatu munyika iyo iri Narva. Estonia ndiyo imwe yenyika dzakawanda zvikuru dziri muEurope, saka izvi hazvikwanisi. Inowanikwa kumabvazuva kwayo, kuruboshwe rworwizi rwezita rimwe chete. Guta rine nhoroondo yakafuma uye inofadza, uyewo nhamba dzinoverengeka dzekugadzira masvingo.