Nei chiChili ichiwanzove nekudengenyeka kwenyika? Nzvimbo yeChile

Inowedzera, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzinova hurukuro yekukurukurirana uye nhau. Maguta uye vanhu vanokonzerwa nemupupuri, mafashamo, kudengenyeka kwenyika uye kunyange mhirizhonga dzinooneka nguva dzose pamapeji epamberi emabhuku akadhindwa. Maiwe! Iyi ichokwadi chakaoma. Imwe yenyika idzi, iyo inoratidzirwa nebasa risina tsvina, chiChile. Mamwe mashoko pamusoro penyika ino, uyewo kuti nei kudengenyeka kwenyika kuchiwanzoitika muChile, tichataura munyaya ino.

Nzvimbo yenyika mukati pepasi pepasi

Chili nyika inoshamisa, yakafuma mumamiriro ayo uye mhuka dzesango. Kana iwe uchichitarisa kubva pakakwirira yakakwirira, unogona kuona kufanana kwayo nechemberi uye yakamanikana yakatambanudza iyo yose iyo yose yePacific nechokumusoro ichibva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba. Kurutivi rwekumaodzanyemba kweChile, unogona kuona zvitsuwa zvakasiyana-siyana, chikuru pane iyo Tierra del Fuego.

Kubva kuchamhembe nyika inopinda neRepublic of Peru, kubva kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva-neBolivia, kumabvazuva-neArgentina. Uye dai pakanga pasina Drake Strait, nharaunda yehurumende inofanira kunge yakakanganisa Antarctica inopandukira. Heino nzvimbo inonakidza iyo Chile iri.

Zvitsuwa nenharaunda yeChile

Nzvimbo yose yehurumende ndiyo 756 102 km ², iyo inenge 98.4% inowira pasi uye 1.6% - mvura, uye gungwa racho rinotambanudza kusvika 6 435 km. Maererano nehupamhi hwayo, Chile iri panzvimbo ye38. Kuenzanisira: iyo inopfuura 22.5 nguva pasi peRussia, asi yakawanda kupfuura nyika dzakawanda dzeEurope, somuenzaniso, inodarika nzvimbo yeFrance ne 1.38 nguva, muUkraine - ne125 nguva.

Chili nyika inosanganisira zviwi zvakakura uye zviduku. Pakati pavo - Easter Island, Rapa Nui, Juan Fernandez, San Ambrosio, Diego Ramirez, San Felix, Sala y Gomez, uye Chonos archipelago nevamwe.

Maguta makuru ehurumende

Pakati pemaguta makuru eChile anogona kuonekwa seanotevera:

• Puente Alto.
• Antofagasta.
• Viña del Mar.
• Valparaiso.
• San Bernardo nevamwe.

Musoro weRiphabliki ndiro guta guru reSantiago. Zvadaro, tichakurukura kuti nei kudengenyeka kwenyika kuchiwanzoitika muChile.

Izvo zvose zvinyorwa zvekununurwa kwenyika

Chili iri kumaodzanyemba uye pakati pezvakanaka zveAndes. Zvinonakidza kuti iri munharaunda ino iyo yakakwirira kudarika-kumusoro kwenyika inoonekwa. Somuenzaniso, pano ndiyo nzvimbo yakakwirira yehurumende - gomo rine zita risina kujairika reOjos del Salado, iro rinoshandura se "maziso ane salty". Iyo yakakwirira yenheyo yayo inenge mamiriyoni 6 893. Munharaunda yegungwa rwenyika, nzvimbo yakaderera ye republic, inonzi kushushikana kweAtakam, iyo yakadzika yakaenzana ne 8180 m,

Chili nyika ine chishamiso chinoshamisa, umo mabhanhire makuru matatu akareba kwazvo akajeka: Coastal uye Main Cordillera yeAndes, uyewo Longitudinal Valley.

Kubwinya kwemuKiria mamiriro ekunze: kutonhora, mhepo, mvura

Chili inzvimbo isina kujairika, iyo mitauro yakasiyana-siyana yemamiriro ekunze yakanyatsobatanidzwa. Nokudaro, kumativi ekuchamhembe kwenyika inopisa semunzvimbo dzakatonhorera, kumaodzanyemba kune mhepo yakanyanyisa-oceanic, uye pedyo neAntarctic - Antarctic uye Subantarctic. Mukuwedzera, semakiromita kubva kumhenderekedzo kuenda kumabvazuva kusvika kumakomo, nyika yose yekudenga inowedzera uye hunyoro hunoderera zvikuru: mhepo inooma uye inobatanidza kufema.

Mugore rose, pano inowira kubva pa50 kusvika 1000 mm (pamakomo emitenho kusvika pamamiriyoni 3 000) emvura, ichi ndicho chikonzero pamhenderekedzo kakawanda kune nzvimbo dzine kuonekwa kusina kunaka. Mwedzi unonyanya kupisa, panguva iyo kusvika kusvika 200 mm yemvura inonaya, ndiyo July. Panguva ino, nyika yeSouth America inongoerekana yachinja kuva inonzi Albion uye inoshungurudzika.

Ivhareji yekupisa iri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika iri +3 ° S kusvika +16 ° С, uye kuchamhembe +12 ° С kusvika +22 ° С. Uye mhenderekedzo yakanyanya kupisa kupfuura pasi pezvikomo zvezvikomo. Maererano nenyanzvi, izvi zvinotonhora zvinosanganiswa nekusvika kwemashure maviri makuru: Humboldt nemhepo yekuMadokero.

Nzvimbo dzisina kujairika nzvimbo - Patagonia

Patagonia - rudzi rweva savannah, kana steppe, iri mune imwe yenharaunda dzakasununguka dzenyika. Ingongova paradhiso yevashanyi, sezvinoitwa nhanho dzose dzaunokwanisa kusangana nemahombekombe akasvibirira makungwa ane mvura yakachena. Uye kune iyo mukana wekubvarura matavi nemimwe midziyo yekubata zvakakwana, semamwe maguta eChile anozivikanwa.

Patagonia inorota kune vateveri vemabasa ekunze. Mukuwedzera pakufamba-famba, vanogadzirisa nzvimbo dzakanaka vanogona kuburuka muchikepe pamwe chete nekukurumidza uye kunetseka nzizi dzemakomo. Kuti uwane mufananidzo wakakwana, zvinonzwisisika kushanyira Torres del Pine National Park, uko unogona kutora flamingos dzinonakidza, nandu, condors, guanacos, mafos uye pumas.

Djffounded fjords

Imwe nzvimbo isina kujairika muChile ndiyo fjords, iyo yakafanira nguva yakasimuka nekuda kwekuunganidzirwa kumhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kwenyika ye glaciers. Zvinotendwa kuti makore mazhinji akapfuura aya mazaya aya akafukidza maguta ese eChile uye nharaunda yakasara yenyika yanhasi.

Panguva ino, fjords iri boka guru rejikizi uye mabheji, izvo zvinokonzera kubva pasi pezvivharo zvemvura. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, munhu anogona kuona zvizere zvepasi rose, uye mukati megungwa reSan Rafael kuona kunyatsogadzirwa kwechando uye kuvatumira kurufambi rukuru kurukova rwegungwa.

The mysterious Atacama Desert

Mukurwisana nemamiriro ekudengenyeka kwezvirimwa nemakomo, denga reAtacama rinotarisa zvikuru uye rinoshamisa. Icho chiri kuchamhembe kwehurumende. Kusiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeChile - Atacama inofananidzwa neduva rinogona kukura chete panguva yemvura uye inooma pasi pemvura yezuva risina tsitsi. Ichi ndicho chisingazivikanwi uye chakawanda chechiChile.

Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, kupisa kuno kunonyanya kushoma, uye dzimwe nguva mvura inopa upenyu yezvishoma zvinomera zvinotarisirwa kwemakore. Nokudaro, Atakamu inonzi yakange iri dongo rakaoma kwazvo munyika.

Pamusana pemamiriro okunze akaoma, mhando dzinenge 160 dze cacti dzinokura mugwenga, mumumvuri umo zvinokambaira uye zvinokambaira zvinoda kuvanza. Vaparidzi vakakurumbira vanogara vasingateereri kudya llamas. Nezvekuti sei kudengenyeka kwenyika kunowanzoitika kuChile, tichataura zvakare.

Ndezvipi chikonzero chemuitiro wekusimudzira nyika?

Haisi chakavanzika chokuti maChile anotambura nokudengenyeka kwenyika, uye kunyange tsunami. Saka, muna May 1960, yakanga iri pano kuti imwe yenyika yakakura kudengenyeka yakanyorwa, simba raive rinenge 9.3-9.5 nhovo. Ndeipi chikonzero chekuita basa rakakura nokukurumidza?

Maererano nenyanzvi, pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudengenyeka kwenyika. Kutanga, nzvimbo iyi inonakidza, iyo Chile iripo, izere nenhamba yakawanda yepamusoro pepamusoro pegomo uye pasi pemvura. Uye inenge dzose dzacho dzinoshanda, saka, idzi mabhomba epakutanga nemaitiro eawa, iyo chero ipi zvayo inogona kuputika.

Somuenzaniso, kuChile ndiyo mhepo inoputika yeVillarrica, kuputika kwakaitika makore makumi mashanu akapfuura. Panguva iyo haina kutakura ngozi uye inzvimbo inofarira yekushanyira vatashanyi.

Kunze kwake, zvikomo zvinotevera zveChile zvinoshandiswawo muhurumende:

• Parinacota.
• Lycanthabur.
• Gualatiri.
• Osorno.
• Irruputunka.
• Ojos del Salado nevamwe.

Zvinonakidza kuti mhirizhonga inogona kumuka chero nguva. Saka, munaEpril wegore rapera, gomo reCalbuco rakaputika katatu muvhiki imwe chete. Somugumisiro wechiitiko ichi, mamiriyoni 210 m³ yemhangura yakakandirwa mumhepo, uye vanhu vanopfuura 6 000 vakabviswa.

Chikonzero chechipiri nei kudengenyeka kwenyika kuchiwanzoitika muChile kwakavanzwa munzvimbo chaiyo ye republic. Munyaya iyi, iri paPacific nechekumavirira kweSouth America. Maererano nenyanzvi, iyi ndiyo iyo yakasanganiswa yeplate tectonic iripo. Uye kune rumwe rutivi rwegungwa ndiro ndiro yaNazca, uye kune imwe (nyika yepasi-rose) - South America, iyo iri kutenderera pa "muvakidzani ndiro" yayo.

Munguva dzekusaoneka kusingaoneki kweziso uye kune zvinodengenyeka. Hazvikoshi, asi dzimwe nguva zvinotungamirira kumigumisiro inotyisa.

Chikonzero chechitatu ndechekugara kweChile (kudengenyeka kwenyika, tsunami, kuputika kwemakomo - zvifananidzo zvose zviri munyaya yedu) nemugero wePeruvia-Chilean wakadzika-gungwa, unozununguswa pasi pekontineni pachako. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, zviitiko zvizhinji zvekudengenyeka kwenyika zviri pakadzika kwema100 kusvika ku300 km pamwe chete nechose chakasungirirwa pamusoro pemvura. Somuenzaniso, muna 2010 kwaiva nekudengenyeka kwenyika kunotyisa, iyo nzvimbo yaive yakadzika mukati megungwa. Panguva iyoyo, simba rakasvibiswa pasi pemvura rakatungamirira pakuonekwa kwe tsunami iyo yakazobvisa maguta akawanda emhenderekedzo kubva kumeso enyika.

Mune shoko, Chili chinhu chisinganzwisisiki uye chisinganzwisisiki chenyika ine basa rakaoma kwazvo rekusimudzira.