Nhengo dzakavandika dzevanhu: redunhu. Anatomy: mamiriro womunhu

Munyaya ino tichataura zvishoma pamusoro dzinokosha pfungwa yakaitwa. Zvikurukuru, patichanzwisisa basa reDare siyana kwevanhu zvomukati, iyo urongwa zvicharangarirwa yoga.

ruzivo urwu vachava kubatsira vadzidzi, uyewo vaya vanofanira kuyeuka zvinokosha womunhu mamiriro.

Pfungwa yokuti "simba" - "midziyo" - "maitiro"

Uyezve munyaya ino isu ichaongorora zviri mumuviri womunhu mamiriro, panguva ino ndiko kuziva Conceptual midziyo. Pfungwa kuti kunzwisisa arambe mashoko rakadzika achava kwakakwana kuongorora mashoko matatu.

Saka, muviri - dzakaunganidzwa zvakasiyana siyana emasero munyama mumuviri, iyo kuita yakajeka mabasa. Kubva rekare rechiGiriki rakashandurwa kuti "mudziyo".

Kubva nemaonero zvokurapa uye zvipenyu, muviri - dzakaunganidzwa masero uye nyama chete kana ukama hwavo embryological uye yakatsiga nzvimbo mukati mumuviri.

Next, isu ichaongorora miviri yevanhu, zano chichange atungamirirwe placement kwavo mumuviri.

Mangwana pfungwa, ndiko kutaura, kuti "wegadziriro miviri." Ichi boka zvakananga nhengo dzedu dzomuviri ine anatomical uye embryological ukama, uyewo vakuru Integrated.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa tsananguro chaiwo. Nekuti chinotevera izwi iri chokwadi munhu truncated shanduro yapfuura.

Saka, mudziyo - zvinoitika chete boka miviri, izvo ikashandiswa chimwe executable basa. Kusiyana yapfuura pfungwa, ndicho chete chinhu kuti marondedzerero ukama hwavo. vane Anatomical embryonic ukama.

Locomotor midziyo

Tanga kudzidza anatomical nemamiriro muviri zvakakodzera zvikuru kuti zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa. Muchiitiko chino, tatarisana yechitatu izwi, rakanga inokurukurwa pamusoro.

Pano tiri kubata nemigumisiro sayenzi akadai osteology, syndesmology uye Myology.

Kutaura zvazviri, chikwata ichi zvinosanganisira yose yakatarwa mapfupa, nemarunda, majoini, uye somatic musculature. Vane basa kwete chete nokuti muviri kukura kwayo chimiro, asi chiso chedu, kufamba uye pakufamba.

Sezvo imi makaona, miviri yevanhu (apa zano) vanoshandisa midziyo iyi sezvo mutsigiri.

kweropa maitiro

Next, isu ichakurukura dzomunyika nemamiriro muviri uye pamwe zvekunze. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti, kufanana zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa, kumwoyo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha rutsigiro kwevanhu upenyu.

Rinotibatsira riparadzirwe ropa kuburikidza arteries uye mutsinga, uyewo anonunura okisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri kuti masero. Uyezve, ropa riyerere riri goho achishandisa carbon dioxide inobvisa nezvimwe tsvina kubva masero omuviri wedu.

Kana iwe kunyatsotarisa, mutsinga uye capillaries entangle zvose nhengo dzakavandika dzevanhu. Zano kumwoyo akafanana dandemutande padandemutande makuru uye zviduku capillaries.

The chikuru muviri ino ndiko mwoyo, izvo rakafanana isingaperi inofamba muchina, pasina kumbomira kuti pombi ropa kuburikidza nhumbi. Nguva muviri ino kunobva utano uye zviwanikwa muviri.

Murombo zvokudya, zvakatipoteredza, genetics uye zvechigarire zvinetso kukonzera kuti ngarava masvingo kuva wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose, uye munyika mhango pakati vakaurayiwa slags. Somugumisiro maitiro ichi, pane zvirwere zvakadai neBP, zvemwoyo matambudziko. Mune remangwana, zviri zvinouraya.

The nhengo dzinobudisa maitiro

sainzi anonakidza - anatomi. Nemamiriro womunhu anovhura maziso ake kuti vazhinji vasiri, uye pamwechete navo, uye mafungiro kwendangariro. Somuenzaniso, ari nhengo dzinobudisa hurongwa. Zviri chaizvo zvakafanana zvemwoyo. Asi, kusiyana yokupedzisira, iro nhengo dzinobudisa hurongwa haasi yakavharwa uye hakuna munhu akasiyana muviri kwakadaro somwoyo.

It rinoumbwa ropa midziyo, capillaries, hunde dzacho, ducts uye nodes. Node ndiye zvishomanana dzinongoitika kumanikidzwa runoita zvishoma nezvishoma achishandisa negomba sepombi. Mura ichi, kuti goho tsvina rusingabviri dzinongoda kweropa hurongwa.

Kutaura zvazviri, node - a abudise marongedzero nokuda kushaya kwakaita mvura kubva nyama dzomuviri. The water drainage rikaitika mutsinga. Saka, pakupedzisira rinogumisa dunhu rose plasma pamuviri.

tsinga

Zvose kuti kudzidza anatomi (mamiriro dzevanhu, nokushanda pamusoro pezvakaitwa siyana pamuviri), iri nokudzorwa tsinga.

Inoitwa nechepakati uye peripheral kupesana. Wokutanga ndiwo uropi uye musana, uye wechipiri - tsinga yacho, midzi, plexus uye ganglia uye tsinga harinzwi.

Pano basa rinokosha iri kuridzwa ne zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa. Uropi iri muna mhango pakati cranium uye musana Canal achiburuka pasi mukati nomuzongoza.

Pakati mashandiro anoita tsinga inokamukana kupinda autonomic uye somatic. Chokutanga ndiye nokupfuuridzirwa nomunhu pakati nechepakati madhipatimendi uye zvomukati. Nepo wechipiri rinobatanidza uropi kubudikidza etsinga fibers kuti ganda uye zvetsandanyama nemapfupa gadziriro.

Next tichataura pamusoro kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa. Ivo, pamwe chete huta zvinopa musono pakukurukurirana uye mitemo mabasa rimwe nerimwe gadziriro muviri. Uyezve, zvinokosha ndezvokuti muviri anogona kupindura kwokunze uye dzimwe kuchinja zvinoonekwa kuburikidza autonomic uye somatic nehurongwa.

kutsinga dzinouya maitiro

Kare isu ataurwa pamusoro kugona womunhu muviri kupindura zviwane uye kuchinja. Huru basa iri kuridzwa ne Switch wemuTesitamende Kuda kutamba zvavo.

Zvinosanganisira nhengo dzakadai maziso, nzeve, ganda, rurimi, mhino. Nemhaka mabasa ravakanga mungava mumuviri, tinogona zvakadzama uye kudzidza pamusoro nyika yakajeka.

Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye mugumisiro nesungano pakati peripheral uye nechepakati hurongwa wedu tsinga. Somuenzaniso, kwokunze anotikurudzira rinokanganisa ziso, tsinga mumuviri anoona kuchinja uye anotumira kupomba kuuropi. Ikoko, mashoko chinogadzirwa uye tichienzanisa anonongedzera vakawana kubva kumwewo.

Somugumisiro kuvhiyiwa uku, tinowana pfungwa kuitika. Saka, chiito zvokunze rinoitwa pasi receptors iri muviri nomumativi zvemukati - nehanya tsinga, izvo zvinopfuura munyama. Human anatomi zvidzidzo kwete chete nemamiriro asiwo kubata-siyana nadzo uye hurongwa.

Kutsinga dzinouya zvaanonzwisisa takatsunga ne variables akadai inzwi, kuravira, tembiricha, kumanikidzwa, chiedza kudzvokora uye Mifananidzo. Help yokugadziridza tsinga rinoshandurwa "analyzers". Izvi yose idzodzo dzakaoma pamusoro pemvura uye mukati muviri iyo anoita somunhu Switch.

Zviri nemhaka nokutsvakurudza munzvimbo iyi, akaonekwa mune utano sayenzi, anogona kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa nekukasika mumuviri wedu. Pashure pezvose, pasina tikaenzanisa nezvekufadza dzedu tingada nyore vakaparadzana masangano pasina chimwe maonero.

kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa

Pamwe chete tsinga, izvozvo anoita se dzomunyika murau kwezvakatipoteredza pfungwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Mukuwedzera, kwemakemikari anobudiswa kwava kukonzera homeostasis, mupfungwa siyana, mupfungwa basa, uyewo kukura, budiriro, uye zvepabonde kuibvisa kunoitwa muviri.

Kana kutarira nemamiriro muviri womunhu, unogona kuona chete chikamu hurongwa. The huru miviri ndedzinotevera mumasero: thyroid, rwatata, adrenals, manhu (ovaries), pituitary shwanu, pineal shwanu uye thymus.

Sezvo huta, kwemakemikari anobudiswa huviri hurongwa. Yokutanga inonzi glandular inoumbwa chambotaurwa nezvacho mumasero kubereka mahormone zvitunha izvi. Chechipiri - diffuse - akapararira muviri. Zvinoita sokuti vamwe kwemakemikari anobudiswa masero kuti pave mahormone aglandulyarnye.

dzokubereka nadzo

In redu rinotevera chikamu aizofanira kukurukurwa yoga vechirume dzokubereka nehurongwa. Pfungwa, mashoko dzokubereka nadzo ndiye anokonzera mumwe chete basa - munhu kubereka. Munguva zvepabonde zvinobvira vanamba embryo, iyo zvino kuva mwana.

Male dzokubereka nadzo iri munzvimbo pelvic nzvimbo uye iri zvachose kunze kwomuviri. Chinosanganisira mboro uye manhu. Izvi shwanu uye tsandanyama tishu. Human anatomi iri rinonyanya musiyano chete hurongwa anokonzera insemination, gestation uye mwana. The chikuru kushanda hono ino - kugadzirwa dzisingaoneki uye androgens.

Female dzokubereka nadzo rakasiyana dzevanhu. Une kwokunze uye nhengo dzomukati. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira guru uye duku labia, zamu kwavari, uyewo pasuo nepanhengo uye clitoris. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira - ovaries, fallopian sepombi, dumbu uye nyinyo.

Asi hadzi dzokubereka nadzo inokamukana. Kana munhurume chete chiuno, vakadzi vane zamu uye wake dhipatimendi. mumasero Mammary kuridza rinokosha chaizvo pakuita dzichifura nomucheche.

The Urinary maitiro

Pakutanga ino aiva mukuru Zano sechivako nhengo dzakavandika dzevanhu. Kana iwe kunyatsotarisa, uchaona kuti vakawanda zvomukati riri abdominal mhango. Zvino tichataura pamusoro Urinary gadziriro iri zvachose riri pelvic nharaunda.

Saka, uyewo dzokubereka hurongwa, Urinary siyana mune varume nevakadzi. Hatidi kudzokorora maumbirwo zvomukati vakawanda, kubata avo chete kuti zvinobatanidzwa chete ari gadziriro kushanda ino.

The kunzwisisa zvinokosha zvinodiwa kuchengeta uye outputting nomutorwa uye chepfu yeimwe, zvinhu uye zvakawandisa senitrogen muviri-siyana zvinhu zviri weti. ino zvinosanganisira peya itsvo, ureters, urethra uye dundira.

Kunze pamusoro kushanda, ane tinoberekwa chikamu mune muviri kwemapurotini uye makabhohaidhiretsi, kugadzirwa siyana pakugadzira vanoshingaira yeimwe, uyewo kuchinja remvura-munyu mwero uye, naizvozvo, kwerunyararo homeostasis.

alimentary maitiro

Kana kunyatsotarisa panguva nemamiriro zvomukati, kunze hurongwa, uchaona kuti kamwe vakanga mumwe chubhu. Nokufamba shanduka vakaumba siyana madhipatimendi anokonzera kugaya rwakazara.

Saka, ino anosanganisira nemudumbu pamwe siyana chikamu miviri. Inoitwa dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango, yegurokuro, dumbu, ura diki uye muura. Ebetsero mabasa anoitwa pechiropa, rwatata uye mate shwanu, nduru dundira uye dzimwe nhengo.

Zvaiitwa zvomudumbu ino, sezvo zita rinoreva, kuti kusvina zvinovaka muviri uye chokuendesa zvokudya mumasero omuviri. Muitiro ine matanho akawanda: machine zvokudya, makemikari kurapwa, Absorção de Água, cleavage uye kubviswa tsvina.

kufema maitiro

Munguva kufema hurongwa, sechivako zvomukati ndiyo fananei yapfuura mumwe, mumatumbu. Pane kufema chubhu, izvo, kufanana yegurokuro, iyo mucosa mukati akafukidzwa mumasero nemidziyo ropa. Nokuda ichi urongwa, mhepo kupinda kubva kunze, anowana kuti optimum tembiricha kuti muviri.

In yechando, mhepo inotonhora iri kudziyirwa, uye chirimo - dzaserera ne dzakananga pezvakaitwa munyika ino. Uyezve, mhepo naicho vakachenesa pedyo-siyana nouipi kuti panguva inhalation vari muchadenga.

The kufema Hurongwa ine zvikamu zviviri - okumusoro. Wokutanga kunosanganisira nasopharynx uye nasal mhango, wechipiri - the dokeriro, trachea uye principales.

bemhapemha hurongwa

Nemamiriro womunhu muviri pachisikirwo anofungidzirwa kuti zvizere. Saka, integumentary hurongwa ndiye anokonzera okudzivirira muviri kubva tembiricha musiyano, kukuvara, nokuomesa, kupinda kuti muchetura uye utachiona.

The hurongwa ine ganda (epithelium uye dermis) uye nomukaka: bvudzi, nzara, ziya, sebaceous mumasero.

rokuzvidzivirira

Kana yapfuura hurongwa inodzivirira muviri kubva zvokunze chipingaidzo, ichi anodzivirira kubva utsinye zvimwe zvakawanda. Nature wakasika akakwana muviri mamiriro. Nhengo dzomukati, kuita mabasa anodiwa upenyu, kudzivirirwa akawanda kudzivirira mitsetse.

Nechokunze, taitaura kwokutanga, uye mukati - ndiko dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri. Its chikuru basa iri kudzivirira muviri utachiona uye anomera. ino inosanganisira thymus, lymphoid rinenge node nodes uye chirwatata.

Saka, munyaya ino tichataura muchidimbu mwoyo pamusoro nemamiriro muviri, uyewo nzvimbo masangano nzvimbo dzakasiyana womunhu dzemuviri.