Nhoroondo Muporofita Muhammad. misi Key uye zviitiko zvoupenyu, pfupi Biography

Islam - ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzine mukurumbira kufamba munyika dzechitendero. Pari, zvachose ane anopfuura bhiriyoni vateveri yose. Muvambi uye nomuprofita mukuru chitendero ichi ndiwo womunyika ndudzi dzechiArabhu ainzi Mohammed. Hwake - hondo uye nezvakazarurwa - ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Kuberekwa uye uduku wendarama rechiIslam

Kuberekwa muprofita Muhammad - chiitiko chinokosha kwazvo vaMuslim. Maiva mugore 570 (kana kuti) muguta Mecca, riri vemazuva Saudi Arabia. Pakutanga muparidzi ramangwana vakauya kubva kurudzi simba pamusoro Quraish - vachengeti Arab zvinoera, mukuru pakati yaiva Kaaba, pamusoro chichakurukurwa vati zvimwe pazasi.

Mohammed akarasikirwa vabereki vake mangwanani chaizvo. Baba haana kumboziva, nekuti akafa asati aberekwa mwanakomana wake, uye mai vake vakafa apo muporofita yemberi yaiva haawanzotauri nemakore matanhatu. Naizvozvo vakauya sekuru hwomukomana uye sekuru. Achifuridzirwa sekuru vake vaduku Mohammed zvikuru azadzwa pfungwa mumwechete, kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vomunyika yake vanozviti zvechihedheni, kunamata vanamwari vakawanda yekare Arab pantheon. Ndizvo akatanga nhoroondo muprofita Muhammad dzechitendero.

Youth romuprofita nezveramangwana uye wokutanga

Kana mukomana vakakura, sekuru vake akatanga kuti kutengesa bhizimisi ravo. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti vakabudirira Mohammed zvakakwana chakabereka ruremekedzo uye kuvimba pakati vanhu vayo. Nyaya pasi utungamiriri hwake akaenda zvokuti nokufamba kwenguva, iye kunyange akava kuronga zvokutengeserana zvinoitwa mumwe mukadzi akapfuma ainzi Khadijah. Last adanane wechiduku enterprising Mohammed bhizimisi ukama yakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma vachipinda pachavo. Havana kukuvara sezvo Khadijah aiva chirikadzi, pakupedzisira, Muhammad amuroora. mubatanidzwa akafara, vaviri vaigara murudo nekuwirirana. Kubva muchato uyu muprofita aiva nevana vatanhatu.

The upenyu dzechitendero muprofita achiri muduku

Muhammad nguva dzose aiva pauMwari. Akafunga zvakawanda zvinhu naMwari uye kazhinji ichidzokera kuti munamato. Ainge vakabvisawo tsika nerimwe gore kwenguva refu mumakomo kuti akavanda mubako, ipapo kupedza nguva nokunyengetera nokutsanya. Nhau dzairamba hweMuporofita Muhammad hwakada kufanana nomumwe dzakachengeteka izvi, yakauya pamusoro 610 gore. Akanga zvino anenge makumi mana nemakore. Pasinei kwayo kare akura zera, Muhammad akanga akazaruka zvakaitika itsva. Uye gore rino yakachinja naye. Unogona kunyange kutaura kuti panguva iyoyo akabata kuberekwa muporofita Muhammad rechipiri, akaberekwa somuprofita, ave mutungamiriri wechitendero uye muparidzi.

VaGabriel Revelation (Jabr)

Muchidimbu, Muhammad akapona musangano Gabriel (Dzhabriilom muchiArabic transcription) - huru anozivikanwa mumabhuku vechiJudha uye dzechiKristu. Ekupedzisira, sezvo vechiMuslim kutenda akatumwa naMwari kuti uvhure muporofita mutsva, ane mashoko mashoma kuti ekupedzisira akarayirwa kuti kudzidza. Ivo, maererano Islamic zvitendero, uye ndiwo mitsetse wekutanga Koran - rugwaro zvitsvene vaMuslim.

Mune ramangwana, Gabriel, nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana guises, kana kungoti aratidza pacharo nenzwi misasa Muhammad mirayiridzo mirayiro kumusoro, kuti rinobva kuna Mwari, iro riri Arabic anonzi Allah. Last Ishe akazviratidza kuna Muhammad, kutanga akataura vaporofita valsiraeri uye Jesu Kristu. Saka akasimuka wechitatu chitendero yaAbrahamu - Islam. Muporofita Muhammad akanga akafanana muvambi waro chaiwo uye muparidzi romoto.

Upenyu mushure Muhammad akatanga kuparidza

Nhau dzairamba hweMuporofita Muhammad paakavapa nenjodzi. Nokuda kwayo kuramba vachiparidza, akawana vavengi vakawanda. Iye kutendeuka vakanga pasi mumwe boycott pedyo vomunyika. VaMuslim Vazhinji zvava kumanikidzwa vanopotera shona, uko ivo nengoni maigara mambo Christian.

Mugore 619 vakafa Khadija - yechokwadi muporofita naye. Mushure afa, uye sekuru muprofita wacho, uyo akadzivirira muzukuru wake hasha vedzinza. Kuti tidzivise mhirizhonga uye kutambudzwa nevavengi, Muhammad aifanira kusiya yake yaakaberekerwa Mecca. Akaedza kuwana pokugara pane rimwe pedyo Arab taundi Ta'if, asi kunyange ipapo haana kugamuchirwa. Naizvozvo, panguva yake hatiripe, akamanikidzwa kudzokera.

Muporofita nokukurumidza kupinda muwanano yechipiri naye mupinduki ainzi Saud. Zvadaro, maererano Arab tsika barika, achiteverwa Saud awana mumwe mukadzi - Ayesha.

Revelation muJerusarema

Mugore iroro zvakaitika chimwe chiitiko, izvo chakavhara zvose dambudziko kwakaita muprofita Muhammad. Nyaya hwake, muna 619, akanga chishamiso vakatamira pousiku muJerusarema, umo Gabriel vaimuperekedza pamusoro matenga akazarurwa nzira choushe woWokumusorosoro. Usiku huno, akaonekwa pamberi paMwari uye akagamuchira hwakadzama murayiridzo mumunyengetero, rwakazokura madikanwa waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa tsika chero muMuslim. Nhasi inozivikanwa se munyengetero ndeimwe mbiru Islam.

Kwemahofisi Muporofita kubva Mecca kuna Yathrib

Sekuru Muhammad akafa, yokupedzisira ainyatsoziva kuti ikozvino hapana kudzivirira, uye Quraysh hasha naye pakupedzisira akaurayiwa. Saka, iye zvakare akasarudza resettle. Panguva ino, Muhammad akasarudza sezvo rokumusha kwake kutsva Yathrib, apo iye refu akakoka gradopravitel, azadzwa mharidzo yake. Apo Muporofita apinda muguta, vagari akabuda kuzosangana naye maoko. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aifanira kupa naye musha ave pokugara, kukudza nokukudzwa pachake kuna Muhammad akararama pasi pedenga rake. Muprofita vaMuslim, sezviri pachena akatorwa romuromo nokuda mutsa wakadaro, vakabayira kusarudza ... ngamera dzenyu. Animal vachidzungaira kuburikidza mumigwagwa guta uye vakamira panzvimbo pamwe maonde akaoma. Iyi nzvimbo iri pakarepo kumuporofita, saka kuti aigona kuvaka imba pamusoro payo. Guta iri panguva iyoyo zita Medina, izvo zvinoreva kuti "Imba muprofita." Residents akapa Muhammad mukuru simba uye kodzero kutonga kupfuura ekupedzisira muporofita yaingoda - akakurumidza akazivisa pachake sezvo musoro uye mutungamiriri wavanhu Medina.

Medina pasi Muhammad simba

The Board of Muhammad muna Medina pakutanga zvakanga zvikuru nyoro. Vakarambidza Kurwisana dzechitendero uye akazivisa kuti muna Medina wose anogona kudzidzira pachena kutenda kwavo pasina kutya kutambudzwa. Panyaya mitemo Muhammad rokunyika waivawo wechokwadi, kunyange asiri mutongi kupfuura akanaka. Zvisinei, maitiro ake ose omurume chitendero kunzwa, iyo zvachose akanga rinotarisa pakupararira Islam.

upenyu Personal omuprofita akagadzira pasi nomwero. Nesimba rayo uye upfumi, zviri rakagumbatirwa duku ivhu imba nemadzimai avo. Haana kuva mudzimba dzomukati, varanda vazhinji, uye zvemarudzi ose zvoumbozha kuti vagara akasiyanisa Eastern vatongi. Akapedza zuva rose mumunda wake, apo vateveri vake vakaungana kuteerera dzidziso dzechitendero uye kunyengetera. Uye akapedza usiku ake achinyengetera, kazhinji vachiramba pachavo mukurota. Nhoroondo Muporofita Muhammad rizere zvakafanana Zvikamu.

The Kukunda Mecca

In Medina, muprofita akanga zvose - simba, hurumende, vateveri. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye akarota kudzokera Mecca. Saka akarayira Allah. Zvino muporofita Mohammed yakasarudza dzika chinangwa ichi mugore 628. At 1400 iye ake wakadaro, zvachose unarmed, akaenda masvingo Mecca. Zvakanga kukunda, asi chiito outorwa dzechitendero. VaMuslim vose vakabva Medina, vakapfeka nguo refu chena. Asi vakuru guta achiri akaramba kuvatendera mukati, saka yakarongwa zvibayiro vakauya yokugara pedyo inonzi Hudaybiya uye basa akadzokera Medina.

Zvakadaro, Muhammad akasiya chinangwa chake kukunda Mecca. On paakadzoka Madinah, akatanga kuva kwayo chirongwa kukunda. Nokutsungirira uye kunyange kusindimara, haana kugara - ndiwo mufananidzo muprofita Muhammad munhoroondo, uye ndicho chokwadi. Zvisinei, unhu uhwu ndiye muchero. Muna 629, muprofita akatungamirira gumi-kuzviuru kweuto vaMuslim uye akaenda Medina. Wevakadzidza Chikonzero ichi kwaiva kudenhwa rimwe Meccan ndudzi dzechiArabhu, vakanga vari kubatana pamwe vaMuslim. Zvayaiva mujinga muguta, Muhammad akamirira. Varwi pasi yake murayiro yakanga panguva chete hombe. Naizvozvo Mecca mapfumo pasina kurwa, uye Muhammad vakapinda muguta akunda.

Kutenderwa Hajj

Mufananidzo muporofita Muhammad sezvo mupengo rechitendero haisi netsaona. Akunda Mecca, akaenda kwete mamiriro, uye mahofisi ehurumende, kwete papfuma uye kwete pakutonga. Kashoma akapinda masvingo eguta, Muhammad vakamhanyira zvinosvika Kaaba. Iye achava akaikuya kanomwe, uye ipapo akapinda uye vakaparadza yechihedheni yakanyungudutswa vose. Pashure paizvozvo, kuti outorwa kuna Kaaba yaiva tsika inokosha. Muhammad kunyange sezvo vaMuslim vanotenda, vakagamuchira kutungamirirwa rinokosha kuna Mwari sei kuita chiito ichi. iye zvakakodzera akazviita kamwe chete - mugore 632. In ndangariro enyika vechimoziremu rinonzi "Hadzhat Al-Vida," kureva, "vokupedzisira outorwa". muzukuru ose mumudzimu muprofita Muhammad munhurume vanosungirwa kudzokorora muupenyu hwake ari rwendo kuna Kaaba kanenge kamwe.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake uye rufu muprofita

Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu Muhammad akapedza kurwara. Vanachiremba kaedza kumurapa, asi vakasagona. Munyengetero vakatendeka, sezvakaita muprofita pachake, uyewo akaratidza maturo.

Sezvo mauto Muhammad akaedza kutora chikamu muupenyu munzanga yavo yechitendero. Iye akatungamirira minyengetero uye kuparidzwa. The wokupedzisira wanunurwa musi Mount Arafat.

Apo Muporofita Muhammad akafa, akanga makumi matanhatu-makore matatu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mashoko ake okupedzisira aiva okuti: ". I kwaifanira kugara muparadhiso zvezvisarudzo vakafanira"