Nzira yakarongeka yezvikara: taxi inokosha uye maitiro ezvinyorwa

Nyaya yesayenzi yakagadziriswa ndiyo yakarongeka yezvisikwa zvipenyu. Kushamwaridzana kwevanhu kuburikidza nemapoka pamusana pehumwe unhu hunokosha zvakakosha pakudzidza kwavo. Mhedzisiro huru yemapoka emhuka nemitemo yakarongwa mumagariro avo ichaongororwa munyaya yedu.

Basics of animal classification

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvipenyu zvinogona kusiyaniswa kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipenyu? Pane imwechete - nzira yekudya. Zvose mhuka, kubva kune microscopic amoeba kusvika kune giant whale, inonzi heterotrophs. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanodya chete zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvakasikwa uye havakwanise kuzvigadzira ivo voga.

Mhuka yakaderera yezvipfuwo ndeyezvipenyu. Iri boka revanhu, rakabatanidzwa nehutano hwekufananidzwa kwekugadzirisa, hutano hwehupenyu uye hupenyu hwehupenyu. Iyi nzira yakagadzirirwa yezvikara ine zita mbiri. Yakatanga kuiswa mune sainzi nemusayendisiti akakurumbira Carl Linnaeus. May beetle, mhashu dzinoputika, polar owl - zita rekutanga nderezvipenyu. Izwi rechipiri rinogadzirisa maitiro ayo mhuka yacho.

Zvikamu zvakarongeka zvemhuka: tafura

Iko maitiro anogadzirisa anonziwo taxa. Izvo zvipenyu uye maitiro ndezviduku pane zvadzo. Imwe taxon yakakura umambo. Panzvimbo ino, vatongi vanosiyanisa mashanu. Izvo zvinomera, fungi, mabhakitiriya, mavairasi nemhuka. Kusiyana kwavo kukuru ndiyo nzira yekudyisa uye zvisikwa zvechimiro chesero. Kuenzanisa kwekugadzirisa zvikwata zvemhuka kunopiwa mutafura yedu.

Unicellular

Nzira yakarongeka yezvikara, izvo zviri nyore, zvinobatanidza zvisikwa zvipenyu. Zvose zvavo eukaryotes. Sero yavo mhuka yakakwana yakakwanisa kuita zvose zvinotarisirwa: utano, kufema, kukura, kubereka, kufamba.

Mienzaniso inowanikwa yemhuka iyo yakabatana nemamwe madzimambo-maumambo ndeye amoeba proteus, euglena yeguru, uye infusoria shoe.

Multicellular

Mutumbi wevamiririri vezvikwata izvi zvinongogadziriswa haisi kungoumbwa nemazhinji emasero. Idzi ndidzo dzimba dziduku, dzakafanana mukugadzirisa nekushanda, izvo zvinogara zvichibatanidza kuva maviri, nhengo uye maitiro avo. Iyi yakarongeka yezvikara inosanganisira mhando dzakasiyana, iyo yakarongeka inogara yakaoma zvikuru. Pane zvinomwe muhuwandu. Iyo yakanakisisa muzvigadzirwa ndeye sponges. Izvi zvipenyu zvinotungamira mararamiro akabatanidzwa, zvichidya nekutsvina. Mvura yakachena imvura hydra, jellyfish uye mapurops ndevamiririri vemhando yemukumbo. Vane masero akajeka asina kuumba maviri chaiwo.

Kwenguva yokutanga zvivako izvi zvinowanikwa muhonye, izvo zvinoumba mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka: dzakapoteredza, dzakapoteredza uye dzakasungirirwa. Uye iyo yekupedzisira inoratidzika nechitarisiko chesviratory system. Rudzi rwechipiri rwemhuka yakasiyana-siyana inonzi "mollusks". Vane muviri unotapira usina kugoverwa uye unowanzochengetedzwa nehombodo. Iyo yakakura mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana inonzi arthropod, inosanganisira zvipembenene, thy- and arachnids.

Chord

Iyi yakarongeka yezvikara ndiyo yakaoma kunzwisisa uye ine ruzivo rwakanyanya rwechimiro. Uku ndiko kuve kwemaxika, kana kamu, neural tube uye gill slits mu pharynx. Zvichienderana nehugaro, zvinoshandurwa. Vamiririri vezvikoro zvekuda vanozivikanwa kune wese wese uye vanowanzoshandiswa nemunhu mune zvekuita zvehupfumi. Izvi zvinosanganisira vanhu vanogara mumvura vagari - hove, iyo inoratidzirwa nekuputika. VaAmphibian vanogara panyika, uye vanozvara mumitumbi yemvura. Aya ndiwo matatya, michero uye matatya. Izvo zvinokambaira - mambukira, mazvu, nyoka, turtles - inouya zvachose pasi. Uye shiri dzakasiya hupenyu hwemhepo. Mhuka dzakarongeka zvakanyanya dzemhando yakashata ndeyemhuka dzesimba, dzomunhu ari mumiririri.

Saka, kune mhuka mhuka zvipenyu, izvo zvakagadzirwa neheterotrophic yehupenyu. Vamiririri vesangano iri rakagadzikana vakabatana mune zvinotevera:

• Sub-kingdom of unicellular;
• Subcellation of multicellular.

Izvozvo zvinosanganisira: sponges, coelenterates, flat, round and annular worms, mollusks, arthropods, mammals.