Okisijeni ari zvakasikwa. yakachena yatinofema zvakasikwa

Sezvo veMubatanidzwa vanhu kemisitiri Zvakava pachena kuti zvose rinoumbwa ane zvinhu izvo rinoumbwa makemikari zvinhu. The siyana nezvinhu inopiwa siyana yeimwe nyore zvinhu. Parizvino, akazaruka uye akapinda periodic patafura Mendeleev 118 zvine maatomu akafanana. Pakati pavo tinofanira kutaura zvinoverengeka kutungamirira, kuvapo uko kunorondedzerwa chitarisiko zvipenyu Panyika. Pamazita Izvi zvinosanganisira: senitrogen, carbon, okisijeni, rehydrogen, sarufa, uye phosphorus.

Okisijeni: Nhoroondo yakawanikwa

zvinhu zvose izvi, uyewo nevamwe vanoverengeka, vakabatsira kuti kukura shanduka upenyu redu iri muchimiro tava kupupura mairi. Vose zvinoumba yakachena zviri hunhu kupfuura vamwe zvinhu. Okisijeni somunhu yoga chinhu wakashamira August 1, 1774 Dzhozefom Pristli. Panguva kugadzirira mhepo pamwero vachiedza nemekiyuri kuburikidza muchidziisa kushandisa kwakajairika izvo, akawana kuti mwenje anopisa kujairwa inopenya womoto.

Kwenguva refu, Priestley akaedza kuwana tsananguro iyi. Panguva iyoyo, zita "mhepo chechipiri" rakapiwa chiitiko ichi. Zvishoma apfuura, muvambi of AK Drebbel yepasi pemvura pakutanga XVII remakore akasarudzwa okisijeni uye akahushandisa kufema zviri kuvamba yake. Asi kuedza ake haana kukanganisa kunzwisisa basa reDare okisijeni iri hunhu simba zvipenyu. Zvisinei, masayendisiti, pamutemo akazarura okisijeni akawana kemisiti French Antuan Loran Lavuaze. It akadzokorora kuedza uye Priestley vakanzwisisa kuti nokuumba gasi chinhu yoga maatomu akafanana.

Okisijeni ikasakendenga pamwe zvinenge zvose nyore uye kunzwisisa vamwe pane inert magasi uye anokudzwa simbi zvinhu.

okisijeni ari zvakasikwa

Pakati zvose chinobatanidza redu inoremekedzwa chikuru mugove okisijeni. Okisijeni aparadzirwe zvakasikwa ndiyo tefa chaizvo. Hazvina ndiripo akasungwa chimiro, uyewo vakasununguka. Kazhinji, ari simba oxidant, zviri akasungwa ezvinhu. Okisijeni ari zvakasikwa somunhu yoga Kufananidzira vasina kusungwa akanyorwa chete zviri kuitika panyika.

Huri muchimiro gasi uye unomiririra kubatana mbiri okisijeni maatomu. Zviri pamusoro 21% of zvachose Vhoriyamu chadenga.

Neoxygen iri mumhepo, kuwedzera ake zvatinosiita chimiro, ane isotropic chimiro muchimiro ozone. The ozone Morekuru ine matatu okisijeni maatomu. The zvitema ruvara rwedenga chokuita zvakananga pamberi mukomboni ino yokumusoro mhepo. Nokuda ozone, vanachandagwinyira pfupi-wave nemwaranzi kubva zuva redu wefodya uye asingauyi kuenda pamusoro.

Pasina ozone rukoko zvipenyu angadai akaparadza, zvakafanana zvakakangwa zvokudya ari microwave muovheni.

The hydrosphere puraneti chaikosha ichi ari kumiganho fomu mamorekuru maviri rehydrogen nokuumba mvura. Huwandu okisijeni iri kumakungwa, makungwa, nzizi uye pasi vanofungidzirwa vanenge 86- 89%, kufungisisa yakanyauka munyu.

Munguva goko okisijeni iri akasungwa chimiro, uye ndicho chinhu. mugove Its anenge 47%. okisijeni ari zvakasikwa haringorevi zviruva panyika, chinhu ichi zvirimo zvose Organic venyama. mugove raro avhareji rinosvika 67% of zvachose kurema ose okunze.

Okisijeni - hwaro upenyu

Nokuda mukuru oxidizing basa okisijeni yakakwana rinobatanidza nyore navazhinji zvinhu uye zvinhu zvichiumba oxides. High oxidation vanokwanisa chaikosha inopa inozivikanwa muitiro wokupisa. Okisijeni iri munyaya nedanho kunonoka oxidation.

basa okisijeni zvakasikwa somunhu simba oxidizing mumiririri iri irreplaceable mubishi dzinokosha basa zvipenyu. Kuburikidza ichi makemikari muitiro, oxidation vamiririri, kusunungura simba. Her zvipenyu kushandisa kuti zvaivararamisa.

Plants - tsime okisijeni iri muchadenga

Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa inotungamirwa zvomumhepo yedu okisijeni akanga aripo vakasungwa mamiriro muchimiro carbon dioxide inobvisa (carbon dioxide inobvisa). Nokufamba kwenguva, zvinomera taisakwanisa rokutora carbon dioxide.

Izvi yakaitwa kuti kwaita photosynthesis inobvira kuonga. Nokufamba kwenguva, ari mararamiro zvinomera mamiriyoni emakore Mupasi muchadenga akazviunganidzira yakawanda vakasununguka okisijeni.

Maererano masayendisiti, kare, ayo uremu zvinoenderana yakasvika 30%, nehafu nguva kupfuura zvino. Plants, zvose kare uye iye zvino, chaizvo vaiisa yakachena yatinofema zvakasikwa, richipa siyana kasvisto uye Fauna of redu.

okisijeni ukoshi zvakasikwa hwakakura kwazvo, uye hwatakazvarwa. mhuka metabolic gadziriro kunobva zvakajeka pamusoro pamberi okisijeni iri muchadenga. In yayo kusavapo, upenyu hunova muchimiro umo tinoziva. Pakati vagere nyika ichava chete anaerobic (kukwanisa kurarama pasina kuvapo okisijeni) zvipenyu.

Ndichibvunza yakachena yatinofema zvakasikwa akapa kuti iri mitatu inoti zviri aggregation chokubatanidza nevamwe zvinhu. Sezvo simba oxidizer, zviri nyore anobva vakasununguka-fomu chokuita. Uye chete nemhaka zvinomera, izvo wakanamatira nokuda photosynthesis carbon dioxide, richiwanikwa akasununguka chimiro.

kufema nemhuka nezvipembenene muitiro hwakavakirwa okutambirwa vasina kusungwa okisijeni kuti oxidation-rutapudzo siyana, ichiteverwa sokuwana simba kupa muviri. okisijeni ari zvakasikwa, vakasungwa uye akasununguka, inopa rakazara rinokosha basa zvose zvipenyu panyika.

Shanduka uye "kemisitiri" yepasi

Kushanduka upenyu ino akavimba dzakananga Kuronga Dzenyika mhepo, zvicherwa akafanana uye mvura mvura ezvinhu. The makemikari anoumba goko, mhepo uye kuvapo mvura ndokuva hwaro matangiro akaita upenyu panyika uye vakatsunga vatungamirire shanduka zvipenyu.

Kwakavakirwa iripo "kemisitiri" nyika shanduka akasvika kabhoni ose zvipenyu hwakavakirwa mvura sechinhu solvent, makemikari, uyewo nokushandisa okisijeni sezvo oxidant kubereka simba.

mumwe kushanduka

Panguva iyi sayenzi yemazuva ano hazvitadzise nomukana woupenyu vamwe runyararo pane pano ezvinhu, apo hwaro kuvaka imwe makemikari Morekuru anogona kushandisa nesilicon kana Arsenic. A mvura svikiro sezvo solvent angava musanganiswa emura amoniya pamwe nehelium. Kana mhepo, anogona anomirirwa muchimiro rehydrogen gasi ane kusachena nehelium nezvimwe magasi.

Izvo metabolic maitiro inogona kuva mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti sayenzi yemazuva haisati kukwanisa zvinoedza. Zvisinei, mirayiridzo iyi shanduka muupenyu zvikuru zvinogamuchirika. Sezvo kunoratidzwa nguva, vanhu kunoramba akatarisana pakuwedzerwa miganhu kunzwisisa kwedu nyika uye upenyu mairi.