Paanotarisa - Geodetic mabasa .. ichi. Geodesy rokuvaka

Chaiyo sainzi , kunyange vasati "yepamutemo" chitarisiko akaita basa rinokosha muupenyu hwevanhu. Saka, pasina chinyakare geometry zvakanga zvisingaiti kuvaka zvakawanda kana zvishoma yakaoma imba, hongu uye hapana pamasvomhu sezvo nyore kuita izvi zvakanga matambudziko chaizvo. To umwechete ndorwevaya uye geodesy (kunyange zviri sayenzi zvepanyama). Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti marongerwo enyika murume akatanga kure yekare.

tsananguro nesayenzi

Panzira, kuti decipher zita chirango ichi dzesayenzi? Shoko rokuti "geodesy" - mumwe conglomerate mashoko maviri echiGiriki. Chokutanga izvi Ge, zvichireva pasi, uye wechipiri - dazomai, - sezvo zviri nyore kufungidzira, zvinoreva "kuparadzana, kuti zviparadzanise." Kana tikaedza kushandura zita zvachose sezvairi, inodzora "zemlerazdelenie". Pfungwa, panguva Zera kutanga uye kusimudzira kuongorora kutamira kwakadaro kunoenderana zvizere chokwadi.

Saka, vaIjipiti zhinji emakore BC kunge ichiitwa yakaoma geodetic kuyerwa, vachivaka mapiramidhi dzavo yakakurumbira uye kudiridza nemigero.

Kukura nesayenzi

Asi kuongorora - iri sayenzi kunzwisisa kuti chokuita zvakananga ayo kukura pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu kunze kwenyika. Chokwadi kuti budiriro yevanhu yakura uye dzakabudirira, aida zvikuru uye yakarurama nenzira kuyera nyika. Kunyange matambudziko avanosangana geodesy upenyu akatonyanya akaoma uye chinokosha.

The tsanangudzo munyika yanhasi

Sezvo zvino kunzwisisa rokuti 'kuongorora'? Zviri sayenzi iyo inodzidza nzira panyika panenge pachivakwa, kuziva ukuru uye chimiro mamiriro enzvimbo. Kuti, vaiongorora, masayendisiti ari kugadzira nzira itsva kushandisa kondinendi yose iri pangozi.

Uyezve, panenge pachivakwa chinodzidzisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti kuyera nzvimbo kwete chete pamusoro pemvura yedu, asi pasi mvura, panyika uye kunyange muchadenga uye pane dzimwe nyika. Muchidimbu, iri bazi nesayenzi siyana chaizvo.

Very musayendisiti anozivikanwa Witkowski akapa tsanangudzo iyi: "Ndinofanira kutaura kuti zviri - chimwe chezvinhu anobatsira matavi zivo; nekuti yose kuvapo shoma dzedu expanses Nyika, kudzidza marongerwo uye urongwa iro zvatinoda saizvozvo sezvo munhu kudzidza chinhu chitsva imba kwaanogara. "

chikuru mabasa

Cherechedza kuti kuongorora mabasa vari zvikuru siyana, sezvo sainzi iri kuramba Evolving, izvozvo akawedzera zvakawanda mazwi matsva. Uyezve, parizvino pane computerization rakakwana matavi mazhinji ruzivo, vakakoniwa asi ine zvainoita kukura dzakawanda Geodesy. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mabasa ayo rakakamurwa mapoka makuru maviri. Chokutanga - chinokosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera mabasa:

• Kuziva saizi, chimiro uye kureba rinokweva munda wenyika. Panyaya iyi, asi achitaura angled kunokosha zvikuru. In kuongorora nhandare inonzi saka chiero tsanangudzo nzvimbo (nyore chaizvo tsananguro).
• Distribution rakabatana kwegadziriro Coordonatele pamusoro munharaunda imwe kondinendi, kana nyika yose zvayo.
• Mufananidzo mapindu ari siyana topographical urongwa, mepu uye atlases.
• Uyezve vaiongorora mubasa mukudzidza pamwero mukuru misha yenyika nechepasi.

Zvakarurama tsvakurudzo basa

Nokudaro, boka mabasa rechipiri parizvino zvinosanganisira zvinotevera mhando basa:

• Zvikuru urongwa zvisikwa uye Implementation pamusoro GIS, kureva, nzvimbo mashoko enyika.
• Kunosanganisirawo kugadzwa uye kunyoresa rakasiyana-siyana cadastral zvirongwa: nyika, mvura, uye zvichingodaro ..
• Geodetic uye topographic Software hurumende yose.
• The demarcation muganhu wehurumende, nekupinda kusawirirana kuti zvinoda panenge pachivakwa. Maps vakasikwa nomazvo nyanzvi, kungava mutsindo nharo mumakakatanwa zhinji.
• Kuunza uye ubiquity kuti kazhinji vakagamuchira mitemo iri indasitiri pamusoro digitaalinen Mapping.
• Saka, pano zvinosanganisirawo kukura zvigadzirwa mepu yacho pachavo, uye achizadza navo ose anodiwa mashoko.
• It riri vaiongorora basa iri kushanda nguva michina mumunda Satellite Positioning dzavo chaiyo ukama kunyatsonzwisisa mamiriro enzvimbo.
• Pakupedzisira, paakasika Integrated geodetic Atlas of Russia nezvimwe inoti.

The Kupesana kupinda sectors

Sezvo kuongorora kuti musi yakaoma zvikuru, kwakasarudzwa kuti kuiganhura vachiita sayenzi akazvimirira akawanda kuti dzimwe nguva kudzidza akasiyana zvachose mabhora zivo. Ngatitaurei wozvinyora muudzame uye kupa tsananguro pfupi nomumwe:

• Higher Geodesy. Ndiyo wekona. Senzira Science inodzidza saizi, chimiro, mamiriro Nyika, Coordonatele muchadenga uye inobudisa wake rinokweva munda. Kuti indasitiri iyi zvave nokuiswa rinoronga ino iri hurumende, mukondinendi kana pepasi panyika. Mukuwedzera, vatsvakurudzi vari mumunda uyu vari kudzidza Dzenyika goko inochinja kubva makarekare nhasi, uyewo kudzidza pamusoro zvechadenga rinokweva munda kwemiviri yokudenga siyana, kubvira nyeredzi huru asteroids. Industry akadzidzawo batanidza wemuTesitamende kuongorora.
• Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho. Zvakare, izwi akasikwa kubva maviri echiGiriki okuti: "topos" - nzvimbo, "Verenga" - kunyora, nyora. Kana zvashandurwa sezvariri, zvinoitika "kudzidza, rondedzero yacho mamiriro enzvimbo." Saka, chikamu ichi anosika nzira itsva uye dzokubvisa nokudhirowa hurukuro yacho panyika panguva urongwa, atlases uye mepu.
• Cartography. Chimwe correlated nezvawagara nesayenzi. Exploring nzira rokusika uye kushandisa zvose zvakafanana mepu, atlases uye topographical zvirongwa.
• Photogrammetry. Sezvo zita rinoreva, sayenzi iyi inodzidza geodetic nzira kusika magwaro (zvatsanangurwa pamusoro) nokuda Photographic kurekodha panyika kubva ndege kana neherikoputa (kana Satellite).
• Engineering indasitiri (kuongorora pakuvaka). Most yakakurumbira panguva iyoyo indasitiri, senyanzvi ayo kuitisa geodetic kuongorora pamberi kuvakwa upi okugadzira hurongwa pasi.
• Markshejderija (pachivande panenge pachivakwa). Patrimony of miners, sezvo itsva nzira kuyera vari akadzidza uye zvakasikwa pachivande zvimbambaira uye zvimbambaira.

Zvechokwadi, kazhinji, miganhu pakati sayenzi izvi zvose zviri chaizvo, avhiringidzwa chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho chokuita zvose cartography uye geodesy pamwe kumusoro uye injiniya indasitiri uye asingauyi kutanga zvakare pasina kudzidza zvinhu zvose zvine sayenzi.

Ndiani anoda inoshanda migumisiro ichi nesayenzi muupenyu hwezuva nezuva?

Kana hamuna kuverenga zvose pamusoro apa, uri kare kugutsikana pachako sei siyana mabasa kuti kugadzirisa ose zuva vaiongorora. Vanotakura yakawanda neobhodimopostoyanno zvinodiwa zvose paruzhinji uye kunyanya voga yemakambani, sezvo panenge pachivakwa mukuvaka nhasi rinoshandiswa pose, uye nzira iri kuomesa chaizvo.

Kunyange munyaya National kukosha kune masayendisiti dzimwe nguva zvinotora makore akawanda kuti aite zvikuru zvakawanda kuongorora, vane zvinowanzovimbiswa hwogumisa enhoroondo dzinofunga kuti dzimwe ndima. Chokwadi, kukosha mune iyi, iyo rinoronga wemuTesitamende geodesy, nokuti inobva vakaita tichisunga mamiriro nzvimbo.

On the "echiuto" chikamu

Chaizvoizvo, nhumbi dzose geodetic zvakakodzera kuti zvose Mapato vanhu vari kugara pabasa kana basa kufamba panyika uye mvura pamusoro madaro marefu: vafambisi uye Vanodzidza, geographers, planners, vavaki uye muchiuto.

Card Features nemamwe magwaro dzakafanana panodiwa sezvo nguva Uto riri simba engineering kuvaka masvingo uye vachipfura madaro marefu, uye vomurova chombo michina pasina mashoko aya hazvibviri. Pakupedzisira, hazvibviri kufungidzira kwekuronga remapazi nemauto pasina mepu yakarurama uye nzvimbo zvirongwa. Saka vose vemauto anofanirwa vanoziva zvinokosha geodesy.

Other Earth Science

Zvinofanira kunyanya kuzivikanwa kuti dzidziso iyi hazvibviri kuti kufungidzira mune voga nezvimwe sayenzi, izvo kusora nyika yacho. Saka, zviri kunyanya kukosha wefizikisi, zvemaumbirwo uye geophysics, izvo zvinogona kutsanangura kunyanya kunzwisisa uye kukosha kwemasayendisiti kuitika pamusoro pemvura yedu, uye pasi payo. Pasina Oceanography zvisingaiti kudzidza misimboti crustal kufamba zvechitima. Kunyange bhotani - uye kuti vanogona kubatsira chaizvo.

Zvinoshamisa sei ichiita mabasa akawanda anogona kuongorora! Employment nyanzvi anodawo Anonyatsoziva masvomhu uye geometry, pasina iro hwaizodai kuita kunyange chinyakare Masvomhu. Asi kuongorora mutungamiriri pakati sectors izvi zvose, nokuti anobvumira kuongorora pamatanho ose pave redu uye paumbwe ayo ano pakuonekwa, uye kufungisisa kwete chete wechisikigo asiwo nevanhu landforms.

Kutaurirana nevamwe mapazi zivo yesayenzi

Uyezve, sayenzi iyi kunoramba Virtual, kuchipedza zivo kupa munhu mumwe sectors. Somuenzaniso, kuti yakagadzirwa Laser wefizikisi. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvakaita kuti pave uye pakusika chinokosha nhumbi, pasina iro zvakaoma kufungidzira ano pachivakwa: Laser siyana uye EDM.

Kana chete mukuru-zvakarurama kuyerwa inofamba pamusoro tectonic ndiro, vangadai miviri zvisingabviri kuita, kana kwete kukurumidza kukura zvemagetsi uye mukugadzira.

Pakupedzisira, kukurumidza kukura ruzivo rwokugadzira uye zvirongwa ndapa geodesy mikana yakadaro, zvakanga kare chete vaifungidzira: Somuenzaniso, unogona kusika akaoma yokutevedzera kombiyuta, zvakajeka kuratidza kukura nyika chitarisiko kwemazana emakore. Muchiitiko chino, geodetic mainjiniya vanogona kunzwa sezvinoita wenhoroondo!

Toughening zvinodiwa geodesy ano

Kuvaka hombe rakasiyana okugadzira zvivako kunoda nyanzvi dhigirii zvakarurama, yakanga kare kunyange kushandiswa masvomhu dzakadaro. Somuenzaniso, paivakwa yacho Large Hadron Collider nyanzvi vaifanira kufunga displacements panguva shoma hundredths ane millimeter ari kureba mamwe mazano kure paminiti kiromita!

Uyezve, nemhaka vaiongorora basa inoenderana nokuti vanhu vanogara dzimwe kumatunhu Pasi kuti inokurukurwa angangoita kwenyika-asingatani.

The Mhando chikuru basa

Waverenga izvi zvose, zvirokwazvo mubvunzo unomuka zvakataurwa panenge pachivakwa basa zvinokosha kuita kuti vawane mashoko ose aya anokosha. Oh, zvikuru vakawanda, asi tichaita kutsanangura rakajairika uye nguva akaita. Heino kukurumidza mazita:

• Geodetic basa. Panyaya iyi nyanzvi dziri mubasa rokuvaka padanda redunhu achitaura kuti Nzvimbo, uyewo mamwe akavhiyiwa kuti anobatsira kusunga upi nharaunda panguva kuvakwa: kubva kuchera makomba uye ndokuguma pamwe nokutumwa yacho chinhu.
• Executive kupfura. Sezvo kuzomisa zvivako kana mamwe youinjiniya kuvaka, rinokosha iine basa raida. Ndichisunga kuramba kupfura pasi kumativi ose imba, kubva izvo inoenderana kudzikama nesimba zvechadenga hombe mamiriro. Kururama kunodiwa kana izvi hapana nyaya kuva shoma pane inodiwa kuti aise kunze kwenzvimbo asati atanga kuvaka.
• Engineering uye geodetic ongororo. Panyaya iyi pachivakwa injiniya vanofanira aite zvakawanda mabasa zvainanga panguva rokutanga kudzidza kuzorodzwa pamusoro kwenzvimbo, izvo aronga kutanga kuvaka engineering zvivako. Unosanganisira kwete chete rokuvaka muenzaniso nzvimbo, asi nguva kuzorodzwa uye kwokunze pakuonekwa chivako kuti amisa.
• Kuunza geodetic network. Rokuvakazve, kusikwa nomumbure, uyewo maronga uye kugadzira nzira itsva basa munharaunda iyi.

Sezvaunogona kuona, kuongorora kwete chete siyana chaizvo asi zvinokosha zvikuru mumatanho ose kuvakwa.