Pablo Picasso: anoshanda, kunyanya maitiro. Cubism Pablo Pikasso

Pane asiri munhu panyika asingazive zita Pablo Picasso. The muvambi Cubist painter uye zvakasiyana-siyana siyana muupenyu remakore rechi20 riri unyanzvi, kwete chete muna Europe asiwo pose.

Pablo Picasso Artist uduku nemakore kurovedza

Mumwe zvikuru Artists remakore rechi20, akaberekwa muna Malaga, mumba iri munharaunda Merced, muna 1881, musi 25 October. Zvino pane miziyamu uye ainzi Picasso Foundation. Zvichitevera Spanish tsika kubhabhatidzwa, vabereki akapa mukomana zita zvakakwana refu kuti ane alternation ari mazita yevatsvene dzepedyo uye kupfuura airemekedzwa ari hama mhuri. Pakupedzisira, anozivikanwa nokuda wokutanga chaizvo uye pakupedzisira. Pablo vakasarudza kutora unonzi amai, kuwana baba vake zvakare nyore. Talent uye chido kuzochera mukomana yakabuda muduku. Wekutanga zvinokosha chaizvo zvidzidzo akapa baba vake, uyo aivawo emhizha. zita rake rainzi Jose Ruiz. Ake kupenda guru rokutanga, akanyora makore masere - "Picador". Tinogona kutaura takasununguka kuti yakatanga basa Pablo Pikasso. Baba yemberi Artist rakapiwa idzidziso basa iri La coruna muna 1891, uye nokukurumidza mhuri yakatamira kuchamhembe kweSpain. Kunewo Pablo mugore kudzidza unyanzvi chikoro vemo. The mhuri akabva atamira rimwe remaguta akanaka kwazvo - Barcelona. The wechiduku Picasso panguva iyoyo aiva nemakore 14 okuberekwa, uye akanga ari muduku kudzidza pana La Llotja (School of Arts Fine). Zvisinei, baba akakwanisa nechokwadi kuti akanga akabvuma pamukova bvunzo iri yemakwikwi hwaro, zvaakatadzisa dzakakunda sowakajeka. Pashure mumwe makore mana vabereki, vakasarudza kuzvironga nani panguva akura chikoro ounyanzvi - "San Fernando" muMadrid. Yokudzidza chikoro nokukurumidza wakangosuruvara tarenda muduku, zvayo dzenhoroondo canons uye mitemo akanga wakatetepa uye kunyange hakunakidzi. Saka, nguva yakawanda chose kuti kudzidza Prado Museum uye ayo akaunganidzwa, uye gore gare gare vakadzoka Barcelona. Pakazosvika mangwanani nguva basa rake rinosanganisira mifananidzo, zvakanyorwa muna 1986: "Self-Mufananidzo" Picasso "Komuniyoni First" (inotsanangura hanzvadzi wakadhirowewa Lola), "Portrait amai" (aimiririra pazasi).

Paaigara Madrid, akatanga akaita rwendo kuParis, apo akadzidza ose mamiziyamu uye mukuru vanatenzi muripo wacho. Zvadaro, iye uchasvika nechepakati unyanzvi nyika nguva zhinji, uye muna 1904 ichaendeswa okupedzisira.

"Blue" nguva

Nguva iyi inogona kuonekwa sezvo ari litmus bvunzo, yakanga panguva ino kutanga kubuda mu mabasa Picasso, unhu hwake achiri asingatani kunze simba. Anozivikanwa chokwadi: tarenda rokusika pfungwa kunoratidza pacharo zvakajeka zvikuru mune akaoma muupenyu ezvinhu. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika kuna Pablo Picasso, vane mabasa zvino vanozivikanwa munyika yose. Tora-kure yakanga akaparirwa uye kwakaitika pashure mwoyo kwenguva refu kunokonzerwa nokufirwa neshamwari yepedyo Carlos Kasagemasom. Muna 1901, pagungano pashoo rakakamurwa Vollard, zvakanzi akauya 64 mabasa yokudhirowa, asi panguva iyoyo vakanga vachiri izere utere uye uchenjeri, zvakajeka akanzwa pokudzora Impressionists. In zvavo kodzero "yebhuruu" nguva basa rake vakapinda zvishoma nezvishoma kuratidza pacharo vanachandagwinyira contours nenhamba uye kurasikirwa-dimensional matatu mufananidzo, mumwe kubva mitemo dzenhoroondo romubati maonero. The palette mavara ari mifananidzo yake anova yunifomu, pfungwa iri mutema. Kutanga nguva zvinogona sechinoitika "Portrait of Jaime Sabartesa" uye kuzvipira asian Picasso kupendwa muna 1901.

Pictures of "mutema" nguva

Chinokosha panguva ino kuva vatenzi mashoko akadai kusurukirwa, kutya, mhosva, marwadzo. Muna 1902, kuti iye adzokerezve Barcelona, asi kugara ikoko uye havagoni. The kusununguka ezvinhu guru Catalonia, urombo kumativi ose, uye kusaruramisira munzanga ashandurire kupinda evanhu mhirizhonga, zvishoma nezvishoma achivharwa kwete chete yose Spain, asiwo Europe. Zvichida, ichi chakakuita chakabata the artist, uyo mugore rino anoita pundutso uye kwazvo. Kumusha kuumba munhu Nyanzvi kuti "mutema" nguva: "Hanzvadzi mbiri (Rendezvous)," "Old muJudha nemumwe mukomana", "Dambudziko" (mufananidzo kanivhasi pamusoro), "Upenyu", apo zvakare pane mufananidzo wemufi Kasagemasom. kupenda "The Absinthe Drinker" zvakanzi uyewo akanyorwa 1901. Anoratidza pokudzora yakakurumbira panguva iyoyo zvinhu "zvakaipa" vatambi, kwese ounyanzvi French. Subject absinthe rinonzwika mune mifananidzo yakawanda. Basa Picasso, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, azere mumutambo. Zviri pachena kunyanya Anobata ziso hypertrophied ruoko mukadzi airatidzika kuedza kudzivirira. Pari, "The Absinthe Drinker" anochengeterwa Hermitage wakati Yakasvika kubva private uye zvikuru anoyevedza muunganidzwa nemabasa ne Picasso (51 chigadzirwa) S. I. Schukina mushure chimurenga.

Mangoti zvinovawo zvinoita zvakare kuenda Paris, yokudhirowa pasina kumbozengurira anosarudza kushandisa nayo uye vakabva Spain muchirimo 1904. Zvaiva imomo kuti vachasangana zvido itsva, manzwiro, uye zvakaitika kuti achapa pave mutsva danho basa rake.

'Pink' nguva

In mabasa Picasso, chaipo anyanya hwakanyatsorwisa refu nguva - kubva 1904 (kwematsutso) kuguma 1906 asati - uye haana chaizvo homogeneous. Vazhinji mifananidzo munguva kwakaratidzwa rakajeka palette mavara, chimiro ocher, parera bvudzi, tsvuku uye rwepingi zvenzwi. Dzinoratidzwa pakuonekwa kwaizotevera kutonga pamusoro hurongwa hutsva the artist - vatambi, sekasi vatambi uye acrobats, vatambi. Chokwadi, vazhinji nemabhuku anobudiswa kwaari Medrano Circus, yaiva mujinga Montmartre panguva. Bright chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo ezvinhu, kuti zvokupfeka, maitiro, zvakasiyana siyana pakubhadhara vakaita Picasso akadzokera nyika, kunyange chimiro, asi chaicho chimiro uye Vhoriyamu rwokuzvarwa nzvimbo. The mifananidzo mifananidzo yake zvakare akava nyama uye azere upenyu, inopenya kusiyana vevatambi ari "zvitema" chehupenyu okugadzira zvinhu.

Pablo Picasso: The chigadzirwa "rwepingi" nguva

Mufananidzo, chakaratidza kutanga zvitsva nguva, vakatanga hwakaratidza mukupera muchando 1905 ari maberere Serrurier - iri "rakagara Nude" uye "Actor". Mumwe aiziva ounyanzvi kuti "Pink" nguva - "The mhuri Vanoita mitambo yokusetsa" (aimiririra pamusoro). The dandemutande ane zvinoorora encombrements - kukwirira uye upamhi mamita anopfuura maviri. sekasi Nhamba vanoonekwa pamusoro rebhuruu, zvinofungirwa kuti harlequin kudivi kurudyi - iri Picasso pachake. All vatambi vari kunofambira mberi, uye pakati pavo hapana chero womukati napedyo, mumwe zvinowira kusurukirwa yomukati - dingindira zvose "Pink" nguva. Uyezve, zvinokosha kuziva zvinotevera inoshanda Pablo Pikasso, "Mukadzi ari hembe", "Toilet", "Vakomana Vanorarama Bhiza", "Acrobats. Mother noMwanakomana "," The musikana ane mbudzi. " Vose kuratidza Fafitera isingawanzowanikwi runako uye norunyararo nokuda wakadhirowewa mifananidzo. New zvakasimbisa basa zvakaitika pakupera 1906, apo Picasso akaenda Spain uye aiva mumusha muduku ari ichindosvika kuPyrenees.

African nguva okugadzira zvinhu

With zvekare iwe African kubudikidza Pablo Picasso wokutanga akasangana pamusoro Category pakuratidzirwa Trocadero Museum. Akanga mwoyo echihedheni nezvifananidzo chinyakare zvitarisiko, zvekumwe Masiki uye Zvidhori, rinosanganisa simba guru rezvakasikwa, uye kuti kure waibva zvidukuduku. Artist dzematongerwe rakaenderana mashoko ichi simba, uye somugumisiro akatanga nyore vatambi vake, nokuvaita yakafanana kuzvifananidzo ibwe, akakura uye unopinza. Zvisinei, kutanga basa nenzira wokugadzira akazviratidza muna 1906 - mufananidzo kubudikidza Pablo Picasso kumunyori Gertrude Stein. Iye rewrote 80 nguva zvino uye vakarasikirwa nokutenda zvakakwana zvinobvira ezvidzidzo mufananidzo yaro dzekare manyorerwo. Pfungwa iyi inogona kunzi kuchinja pakutevera nomutsa deformation chimiro. Imboona mifananidzo yakadai se "Mukadzi Nude", "Dance of Veils", "Dryad", "Friendship", "Bust pamusoro mukwasvi", "Self-asian".

Asi zvichida kupfuura unoshamisa muenzaniso African padanho Picasso ari kupenda "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" (yaifananidzira pamusoro), iro yokudhirowa aishanda kwerinenge gore. Iye akagadza Danho iri rokusika nzira the artist, uye zvikurukuru vakatsunga njodzi uri zvavo. Kokutanga web rakabudiswa pashure pemakore matatu chete zvakanyorwa uye kwaiva pachena musuo munyika chains-garde. Bohemian yakaurungana Paris sezvariri kupatsanuka kuita mapoka maviri: kuti "nokuda" uye "pamusoro." Panguva iyoyo mufananidzo inochengeterwa panguva Museum of Modern Art muNew York City.

Cubism nemabasa Picasso

Dambudziko yokusiyana uye kururama mifananidzo vakasara panzvimbo yokutanga European uri kumusoro kusvikira apo akaputsa Cubist. The zvakasimbisa wayo kukura vakawanda funga mubvunzo iyo wamuka pakati Artists: "Sei pendi?" Rakarurama mifananidzo zvaunoona pakutanga remakore rechi20 zvaibvira kudzidzisa zvinenge munhu kunze sezvariri achangopfuura mufananidzo iyo vakatyisidzira kuti zvachose bvikinyidza zvose zororo. Visual mifananidzo havasi chete anobata, asiwo kutengeka, nyore kudzokororwa. Cubism Pablo Pikasso mune iyi inoratidza unhu musiki, kuramba anobata mufananidzo panze nyika uye kuudza pangave zvachose itsva, miganhu maonero.

Mabasa mangwanani zvinosanganisira "muhari, girazi uye bhuku", "kugeza", "maruva ari Gray Jug", "Chingwa mbiya patafura muchero," etc. The mifananidzo zvakajeka kuonekwa, sei wakadhirowewa manyorerwo uye anowana .. zvakawanda abstrakti zviri kusvika kumugumo nguva (makore 1918-1919). Somuenzaniso, "Harlequin", "Musicians Three", "Kunyange Life ne Guitar" (aimiririra pamusoro). Kushamwaridzana vateereri tenzi pamwe tiivistelmä iwe hakuiti zvienderane Picasso, zvakanga zvakakosha ndiro shoko mupfungwa pakati mifananidzo, zvinoreva avo zvakavanzika. Pakupedzisira, iye pachake akasika cubism Style zvishoma nezvishoma vakarega kufuridzira vemifananidzo uye aifarira, achivhura nzira nezvemaitiro itsva unyanzvi.

Classic kumwedzi

The ezana remakore rechi20 rechipiri raiva Picasso kuti zvikuru kunzwisisa. Saka, 1911 aizivikanwa kare pamwe mifananidzo chakabiwa kubva Louvre, wakaisa yokudhirowa haisi muchiedza yakanakisisa. Muna 1914, zvakava pachena kuti kunyange pashure pokurarama makore akawanda kudaro vari munyika, shure France Picasso kurwa muHondo Yenyika I haina kugadzirira, kuti akaberekwa pamwe neshamwari dzakawanda. Uye gore rakatevera, rufu rwomudiwa rwake Marcel Humbert.

Kudzokera zvakawanda panogumira mabasa Pablo Picasso, vane mabasa azara zvakare kuverenga, nhamba uye unyanzvi pfungwa, uye kuvhiringidzwa zhinji zvimwewo zvinoitika. Kusanganisira rwokuenda kuRoma, uko akazadzwa unyanzvi yekare, uyewo uchikurukura kutamba troupe Diaghilev uye kujairirana Ballerina Olgoy Hohlovoy, izvo nokukurumidza akava mudzimai the artist wechipiri. Kutanga itsva nguva inogona aionekwa mufananidzo wake muna 1917, iyo rudzi vaipfeka experimental. Russian kutamba Pablo Picasso haasi chete akafemerwa chokusika ounyanzvi itsva, asi pamberi refu akamirirwa uye vanodiwa mwanakomana. The yakakurumbira basa nguva, "Olga Khokhlova" (yaifananidzira pamusoro), "Piero", "Zvisinei Life pamwe Jug uye namatamba", "Sleeping vanhuwo zvavo", "Amai Mwana", "Women kumhanya pamahombekombe", "The Three Nyasha dzemutendi" .

surrealism

Kupatsanurwa okugadzira zvinhu hakusi chinhu asi chido kugadzirisa kuburikidza uye kumanikidzira nayo mune umwe (manyorero, nguva) muviri. Zvisinei, maererano nebasa Pablo Picasso, mifananidzo inozivikanwa izvo vashongedze yakanakisisa mamiziyamu namaberere zvenyika, akadaro nzira inogona kunzi ine zvemasanga chaizvo. Kana ukatevera muronga, nguva apo womufananidzo yakanga pedyo surrealism, rakaburukira pamusoro makore 1925-1932. Hazvishamisi kuti padanho rimwe nerimwe bhurasho yatenzi vakashanyira neMuse, uye kana Os Khokhlova aida kuziva pachake ari mifananidzo yake, iye akatendeukira neoclassicism. Zvisinei, vanhu okusika ndivo vainge, uye nokukurumidza muupenyu Picasso akava muduku uye akanaka kwazvo Marie-Tereza Valter, uyo panguva rudo 17 chete nemakore. Akanzi basa unoda, uye muna 1930 nyanzvi yokudhirowa akatenga Chateau muna Normandy, iyo yakava musha wake uye nokuda kwake - ari Studio. Maria Teresa aiva akatendeka shamwari, stoically kutsungirira okugadzira zvinhu uye vanoda achikanda musiki, kuramba kukurukura noushamwari kusvikira afa Pablo Picasso. nguva surrealism Works "Dance", "mukadzi chair" (vanomiririrwa pazasi) "bather", "mushwi pamhenderekedzo", "Muchakavata", etc ...

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II

Tsitsi Picasso munguva yehondo muSpain muna 1937, aiva Republicans. Kana mugore iroro, rokuItari uye German ndege akaparadza Guernica - enyika uye zvetsika Nhongonya Basque - Pablo Pikasso guta, iro rakaparara, dzakapendwa pamusoro huru kanivhasi mumwechete zita mwedzi miviri chete. Sezvariri akatya nokuda nengozi kuti ichimuremera yose Europe, vakakoniwa asi kukanganisa basa. Manzwiro akataurwa zvisina kunanga, dziri kiyi rima wake, shungu uye kutsvinya.

Hondo ikanyarara, uye nyika vakapinda hama nepakati, kudzorera zvose yakaparadzwa, basa Picasso kwakaita zvakare yakazviwanira mavara hunofadza uye yakajeka. Mifananidzo yakadhirowewa ake, zvakanyorwa muna 1945-1955, ukuwo, vane yeshoko Mediterranean, ratinoona chaizvo uye zvishoma rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma. Panguva iyoyowo akatanga kushanda pamwe Ceramics, ndinosika yakawanda decoration hari, nezvirongo, ndiro, Zvidhori (mufananidzo uri pamusoro apa). Mabasa vakasikwa okupedzisira 15 makore oupenyu hwake, zvikuru gogonera mumagadzirirwo uye unhu.

Mumwe mukuru vemifananidzo the Twentieth Century - Pablo Picasso - akafa pazera remakore 91 zvomuVilla yake France. Akavigwa pedyo Castle zvaiva kwaari Vovenart.