Pakapera kuMongolia V. XII

Genghis Khan haana kugara asina zvaaiita napo. Muna 1199 taydzhuty, hataginy, saldzhiuty, derbety, ongiraty uye mamwe madzinza, achiona ngozi chaiyo pachavo kubva Temuchina-Genghis, akasarudza yakarova mauto akabatana mumusasa wake uye Ong Khan. Genghis Khan, nguva ino zvakanga zvisingaiti kuvapa nguva kubatanidza uye kuputsa navo pasi mumwe nomumwe ari munzvimbo kwegungwa. Buir-on uye Kolen-on.

Asi nokukurumidza vatungamiri vamarudzi sere makuru, kusanganisira akanyorwa uye kunyange Tatars, Oirat uye Naamani, akaumba mubatanidzwa kuzorwa Genghis Khan uye muna 1201 akasarudzwa kuti hurultae Jamuqa Khan pamwe musoro kuGuri-Khan ( "yezvisikwa Khan"). Asi kunyange preponderance kwesimba uri kurutivi Jamuqa Khan pamwe kereitami akakundwa Hondo turakiti Koiiten kumwe pakati mudziva pake. Buir-on uye Kolen-on.

Muna 1206, panguva hurultae guru repamusoro Onon Temuchin akanga pakukwana choushe Great Khan pakati Mongolia pamwe musoro Genghis Khan. Iye pakarepo akaparadzanisa yose vakawanda kusvika 95 "chiuru", kureva. E. vezvikwata akadaro, izvo zvinogona kuisa varwi ravarwi 1,000, uye akazvipa nhengo kukupfura wake, mukuru uye shamwari yake nhaka sezvo mibayiro. "Offline" yaisanganisira "vamazana" uye "vamakumi"; vanhu weuto yakakamurwa kupinda kurudyi nekuruboshwe bapiro uye pakati. Asi chinokosha chizvidavirire chikwata ndiye "chiuru".

"Zviuru" munguva iyi yakanga administrative chikwata uye panguva imwecheteyo nhaka fief pamusoro kuNoyon, iro muridzi amubvisa ose anodiwa zvigadzirwa mhuka. Arata Kuchinja kubva chikwata chimwe rairambidzwa. Kutanga idzva nemauto-administrative hurongwa Genghis Khan chiito achabatanidza pevafudzi kuna Noyon - madzishe.

Panguva iyoyowo, Genghis Khan vakawedzera uwandu ake wevarindi pachake, ikasara kusvika 10 zviuru. Man. Akanga basa panguva yamunenge mwero yavanakomana thousanders, vezana, vatariri, uye, mune mazwi ose PI Kafarova, "vanhu Free State", kureva. E., Zvakajeka akaparadzaniswa mapoka wavanhu mupfumi nevangu. Varindi zvakagoverwa zvose zvakafanira kuburikidza kuunganidzwa kuMudzidzisi "zviuru". Khan pachake varindi ayo sezvamunoita vakawanda vaiva revatongi. Mongolia XII pakupedzisira ....

Akanga apiwa zvimwe kodzero. It kwete chete anodzivirira munhu Khan Great munguva yorugare uye muhondo, asi vanomirira huru kushorwa simba iri kudzvinyirira hondo uye hurumende. Senzira Guard yakanga Khan Hofisi kutarisira nyika uye nomukadzi wokumwe fung sudarstvami. Papera footage vakuru kuti kiyi hurumende namagwatidziro akatorwa kubva Guards.

Panguva hurultae 1206 Great Khan akaisa mboni ramai vake Shikhikhutug vakananga "dare reNational Court", titarisire narwo "midzi uye kuparadza kuba kubiridzira ari rehurumende" uye kuparadzira richangobva akakunda nevanhu runochengeta uye nzvimbo vakagara pakati Khan vomumhuri uye vachivarayira kuti kuramba kunyora zvokutonga uye okutarisira zvisarudzo nevamwe navo. Vamwe vavo vanobatanidzwa kwacho, akazonzi "Yasa pakati Genghis Khan" - mitemo waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa zviri Mongol mutemo netsika.

Mongolia panguva pakuguma XII remakore.