Mashoko "nhamo kubva zvaiti". Aphoristic mutambo A. S. Griboedova

"Nhamo kubva zvaiti" - mumwe yakanakisisa inozivikanwa uye vakawanda akataura mabasa mabhuku Russian. Pairi zvakanyorwa hwakawanda nyaya uye monographs, aita guru mari nezvinhu.

"Havafi" aphorisms

Zvisinei, achifanotaura akauya I. kwechokwadi A. Goncharova varehwa nehafu remakore adarika: "Nhamo kuna vaiti", pfupiso izvo zvinozivikanwa, zvichida, chero mugari Russia, akapikisa haangogoni bvunzo yokurambidzwa, asiwo muedzo mukurumbira. In diki chipimo pave aphoristic mashoko uye kururama. Mashoko "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" vava chinokosha Russian tsika. Chaizvoizvo, kunyange pamberi Goncharova njere Pushkin akati kuti "hafu ndima anofanira kupinda chirevo," aireva kunoshamisa aphoristic manyorerwe Comedy.

Zvechokwadi, mashoko ari kutamba sezvaari "wakaputsika" kuti mazwi. zvino vakawanda vokuRussia kushandisa aphorisms Griboyedov, kunyange vasingazvizivi. Zvinoita sokuti, nguva dzose aripo vachitenda Russian kuti "nhamo kubva zvaiti" se "maawa anofara havasi kuona" kana "gamba kuti yokufungidzira rangu." Zvawanyora mberi. Mukuwedzera, uye okuti "nhamo kubva zvaiti" - pfupi uye kuratidza chiratidzo nezvinetso zvepfungwa munhu. Ikapenya aphorisms ari mutambo zvokuti anosika fungidziro ose nenyama. Uye zvinoratidzika kuti "nhamo kubva zvaiti" Griboyedov akanyora mweya mumwe, ari dzinokaroparuka rakafuridzirwa.

rokusika kutsvaka

Uye nhasi zvinoita chinoshamisa kuti Griboyedov aigona chokwadi muna rokuti, I vakanonga uye akayambuka panze mazita evanhu, uye pfungwa yacho chigadzirwa yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo dzedu dzose sarudzo.

Panguva iyoyowo, zvose zvakanga saizvozvo. The Musoro "pfungwa zvakaipa" mumwe kufarira mumutambo kunze XVIII-XIX emakore. Chokutanga, zvakanga zvakafanana rechiFrench satirical Comedy. Yakanga iri mutambo French Griboyedov akadzidza uye aphoristic Kupfupika. Asi pano ndicho chinhu: chinhu chinosekwa mu comedies izvi akava asina vanhu, asi pamusoro exposer, uyo akatora pamusoro kwezvakataurwa dubious basa iri mutongi nomuprofita. Mutero kuna tsika iyi uye akapa Griboyedov. Muna mutambo "Student" gamba rinofumurawo kambani, uye monologues ake ndezvokuti nowenyika kutsamwa kutaura Chatsky, asi dzokuAustralia akasiyana zvachose. Uye kwete kuti mashoko "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" zvakarurama uye zvinobudirira. All nyaya yacho yemunyori nzvimbo. Kana "vadzidzi" nemunyori tsitsi hakuwirirani kurutivi gamba, iri mutambo "nhamo kubva zvaiti" Griboyedov rinoreva gamba iri rakaoma zvikuru. Izvi zvinowanzooneka haana kumbofunga nezvarwo. Soviet mabhuku kutsoropodzwa kazhinji kunoshandurwa kutsvetera underestimating anonziwo Chatsky gamba. "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" akanga adudzira nenzira yakadaro kuti Chatsky aiva akamirira pfungwa nemunyori. Asi ichi handizvo. upenyu akachenjera uye nedzenyu ruzivo munyori mutambo "nhamo kubva zvaiti" credo anogona akagadzira se "basa akangwara kuna Yababa", unonyatsozviziva kwete chete rinovayeuchidza tsitsi nemwoyo zvairatidza Chatsky, asiwo zvinogona pangozi chokuita pathos pamusoro zvachose negation zvose uye vose. Munyori, Chokwadi, unofadza nezvenzvimbo "aizofara hwishu zvaisemesa", iyo yava rwendo (akanga anzwa, nenzira, nenzira munyori Aleksandra Alyabeva), asi kwete mose muna Chatsky pedyo Griboyedov.

Chatsky uye aphorisms

Chokutanga, gamba haisi uchenjeri zvakakwana, mupfungwa - vayaruka. Kwete netsaona gwaro muchimiro Chatsky rwakaiswa "Chad". Uye, chokwadi, kwete chete zvinofambidzana PY Chaadaev. Griboyedov akakwezva uye neshamwari pamwe mudzi pacharo "vana" - pano uye "mwana", kuti ari mwana, uye uyo ari "daze" - kureva kuti, bofu, haakwanisi kufunga zvakanaka. Gare gare, AS Griboyedov kwakadzora "pachena" ari mazita gamba, asi zvakarurama vaidavira Une nzeve, ngaanzwe.

Aphoristic mutambi mazita

zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika kwakadaro, Chokwadi, kwete netsaona, kana tikayeuka kuti mutambo rakanyorwa "pamharadzano dzenzira" anoverengeka mirayiridzo, akadai Classicism uye Kujekerwa realism. In tsika munzvimbo idzi, kunyanya chekare, vatambi mazita "kuudzwa" hunhu, dzaiva noruzhinji.

"Nhamo kubva zvaiti" kunotevera tsika iyi. tsanangudzo pfupi pamusoro vatambi kunoratidza kuti mazita anenge ose vatambi mune imwe nzira kana mumwe chokuita kukurukurirana semantics: FAMUSOV (mumwe wavakanga vanoti), Skalozub (grins, asi haritauri chinhu), MOLCHALIN (uyo akanyarara), REPETILOV (uya anokwanisa chete kudzokorora), etc. Zvinoguma mufananidzo matsi munharaunda, zvisingagone kunzwika, uye izvo chandingataura, nzanga umo "chivi hazvina basa, mutinhimira hazvina kunaka." Somugumisiro, dzakakurumbira kuratidza "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" vari kuzadzikiswa nomumwe - "Pane chinhu aitsvaka kuuya!"

Mashoko magamba

Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, haasi masanga zita chikuru gamba mutambo - Chatsky. "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" kunotanga ndechokuti gamba anongovangira hasha okushora kubudikidza anenge munhu wose, asi mugumisiro kurwa ndiwo foregone mhedziso. The gamba iri mano uye mupfungwa, kumiririra chero ngozi munyika Famusovs.

Uye vakakurumbira vava mashoko mapapiro Chatsky, yakanyorerwa zvose roga uye kuti Sophia ( "Vakaropafadzwa avo vanotenda, - kudziyisa nayo munyika"), shungu Zvisaririra pabindu. Chatsky mwoyo, anyadziswa, kukurwadzisa. Iye inotumidzwa chinhu kuratidza uye hapana ainyatsotenda. Chinhu bedzi chichikusvota Famusov - ndiko, "Oh! Oh, Mwari wangu! Chii achati Princess Mary Aleksevna "!

aphoristic rokuremekedza

Sezvineiwo, zviri epakutanga shanduro mutambo akanga ane zita siyanei, zvikuru pfungwa muverengi yemunyori kugadzwa, "nhamo pfungwa." Zvisinei, zviri kuchinja zita Griboyedov. Zvaizoratidza sokuti musiyano iri diki, asi chaizvoizvo zviri rakakura. "Nhamo pfungwa" - icho idambudziko akangwara murume umo vamwe havasi akazochena. Uye muna Griboyedov kuti kutamba nomuimbirwo ichi Chokwadi, aripo.

Asi "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" - zita rinobatanidza nepfungwa, nekuti, zvichida, yakanga yakakurumbira okuti. Society hwakarongwa saka kunaka uye musoro kuti kwaita "pfungwa" ndiyo ngozi kwete chete nokuti "svikiro mupfungwa", asiwo vose. The chidzoke Chatsky vakatambura zvose FAMUSOV (ari kunetseka chigumbuso), Sophia (akarasikirwa rwomudiwa uye nokutenda norudo), MOLCHALIN (anorasikirwa maonero uye basa), iye Chatsky. "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" yakavakirwa pamusoro gangaidzo: pfungwa, izvo zvinofanira kuva chisikwa, chete kunounza kuparadzwa. Ndiani ari kukonzera: kana chete vanhu kana "pfungwa zvakaipa" Chatsky - muverengi uye Fafitera anofanira kuzvisarudzira pacharo. Uye nekuti mitinhimira chaidzo nokusingaperi, pamwe yakakurumbira isina mhinduro mubvunzo Chatsky: "? Vari vatongi Who"