Paralympic mitambo: Pamazita

Paralympic mitambo inosanganisira zvakawanda tsika anoranga, rakagadzirirwa kuti kubatanidzwa maari vanhu vakaremara. mitambo iyi vanomirira kutsviriridza, rokupedzisira yemitambo mana kutenderera pakati vatambi zvose uye zvimwe vechikamu pakuendeswa ichi. Paralympic mitambo inosanganisira zvikuru nomukurumbira makwikwi kuti vanhu vakaremara, uye kusarudzwa kwavo kunoitika muupenyu dzinoverengeka remunharaunda, National uye dzakawanda makwikwi.

Olympic uye Paralympic Games

Zvikanyorwa 2000 chibvumirano iri pamwe pakati yeOlympic uye Paralympic makomiti, munyika dzakawanda, apo kuvafira huru nenheyo ukama. Nechekare muna 2002 kwakasarudzwa kuti kushandisa mabikirwo "mumwe chikumbiro -. Rimwe guta" Nemamwe mashoko, pokushandisa nyika pakarepo kupararira uye mitambo Paralympic uye makwikwi pachavo yaiitirwa chete zvivako achitsigirwa chete pakuronga komiti a. Pakutanga mutambo zvinoitwa vhiki zvikamu zviviri.

Pakutanga, shoko rokuti "Paralympics" yaisangana weboka Games muTokyo muna 1964, asi pamutemo simbiso zita iri akagashira chete muna 1988, apo akatakura Winter Games kuAustria, uye vasati kuti yaimbonzi "muStoke Mandeville" (zita raiva wakapiwa mukukudza nzvimbo dzaiitwa kekutanga yehondo yerusununguko).

Provenance

Paralympic mitambo vakanga kukonzerwa kuti neurosurgeon ainzi Ludwig Guttmann, uyo akatanga pfungwa. Muna 1939, Dr. vakatama kuEngland kubva kuGermany, uko akamirira hurumende yeBritain akavhura yayo Center kuti musana kukuvara, inobva muStoke Mandeville Hospital Aylesbury.

Kwangopera makore mana pashure zvakawanikwa, akasarudza kuronga mitambo vanhu vachitambura kubva mukukuvara ari zvetsandanyama nemapfupa gadziriro wokutanga, achivadana "National muStoke Mandeville Games nokuda Vakaremara." Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kunyange ipapo vakatanga akaererana yokutanga mhemberero yacho Olympic Games muna 1948, panguva iyo dzakaitwa muLondon, uye makwikwi pachavo ndaitora vazhinji Aimbova servicemen vakanga vakuvara pakurwa. Tinogona kutaura kuti izvi zvakanga apo paiva vokutanga Paralympic zvemitambo. Winter, zhizha, uye mamwe mapoka akazviratidza chete gare gare, apo vakatanga kuwana zvakawanda pamutemo hweHIV.

The zita pacharo rakanga pakutanga chokuita parapledgia izwi rinoreva kuoma dzakaderera maoko nemakumbo, sezvo wokutanga dzose makwikwi yaiitwa zvakananga pakati vanhu vachitambura nezvirwere zvakasiyana siyana pamusoro nomuzongoza. Pakutanga kubatanidzwa zvakadaro Vamhanyi mitambo vane mamwe marudzi kukuvara, kwakasarudzwa zvishoma apiwa kufunga shoko racho riri kuramba kubata rive "pedyo kunze makwikwi", kureva kuti kwemapazi rechiGiriki rokuti Para, rinoreva kuti "pedyo," pamwe shoko Olympics. Izvi yoku- dudziro anofanira kutaura yekutapirwa kubva makwikwi siyana pakati pevanhu nehurema, pamwechete Olympic uye zvakaenzana.

Nechekare muna 1960 muRoma vakabata IX Annual International muStoke Mandeville Games. Panyaya iyi, kuti mhando Paralympic mitambo zhizha dzakaisirwa papurogiramu yacho makwikwi:

• pawiricheya Basketball;
• mitambo;
• fence mu mawiricheya;
• kubaya;
• tafura Tennis;
• miseve;
• Billiards;
• kushambira.

In makwikwi ichi vaiitawo anopfuura 400 vatambi vakaremara vanobva kunyika 23, uye kokutanga munhoroondo Kupinda akatanga kubvumira vanhu kwete chete vaya vakakuvadzwa mukufamba kuita siyana kushandiswa zvechiuto. Muna 1984 iri IOC yakasarudza pamutemo basa makwikwi ichi chinzvimbo wokutanga Games kuti vatambi vane urema.

Muna 1976, akatanga kuti makwikwi iyo Paralympic yemitambo (chando) vakabatana. makwikwi aya dzakaitwa Ornskolddsvike, uye chirongwa akanzi maviri chete nokuranga - downhill Skiing uye muchinjikwa-nyika Skiing. In makwikwi akadaro tasarudza kupinda vatambi 250 kubva kunyika 17 dzakasiyana, uye muzvirongwa vanhu vakaremara, nemaziso vasingadzoreki, uyewo amputees.

mubatanidzwa

Kubvira muna 1992, vatambi, kuti mitambo Paralympic izvo zvakasikwa (zhizha nechando), akatanga kukwikwidzana takarirana chete maguta akaitwa yeOlympic. With kukura sangano nemasangano akasiyana dzakatangwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti vatambi vakaremara zvakasiyana. Saka, pane Paralympic yemitambo nokuda nemaziso havachanyatsogoni, uye vazhinji nevamwe. Also rakaumbwa muna 1960 neInternational muStoke Mandeville Games Committee ipapo akatendeukira inonzi International Federation of muStoke Mandeville Games.

The komiti basa

Chokutanga, General Assembly, vakabata masangano vakaremara vanhu mitambo dzakawanda, ndicho chinokosha munhoroondo sei dzakabudirira Paralympic zvemitambo. Zhizha Winter Games zvakatangwa pasi pokudzora International Committee, inova asiri purofiti sangano renyika vakatanga kutungamirira sangano iri munyika yose iri. Chitarisiko chake chakanga zvinosiyana kuramba kudiwa pakuwedzera mahofisi National, uyewo kusikwa kufamba yakadaro, izvo zvinogona kunyanya nezvatinovavarira zvemitambo vanhu vakaremara siyana.

Saka, mitambo iyi pakutanga kuisa pachedu vavariro vapore uye kurapwa kwevanhu vakaremara, uye ivo pamusoro nguva kuva dzakazara mukuru-pamwero mitambo, uye somugumisiro aida rinodzora wayo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, muna 1982 ICC akazviratidza - The ekufambisa Council mumasangano zvemitambo vanhu vakaremara siyana, uye IPC, anozivikanwa somunhu International Paralympic Committee, izvo zvave zvakazara zvaitambidzwa nesimba ekufambisa kanzuru, pakanga chete makore manomwe gare gare.

zvechokwadi chiperengo

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chiperengo rokuti "Paralympic" iri enshrined mune Russian chiperengo duramazwi, uyewo dzimwe rwokugadzira mabhuku. Muchiitiko chino, zvikuru dzinogona kuwanikwa zvakasiyana chiperengo - "Paralympic Games". Mitambo (chando uye chirimo) vanonzi kashoma saizvozvo, nokuti zita riri kuipa mumaduramazwi kusingajekeswi, kunyange zvazvo chacho vanoshingaira kushandiswa zvitupa ano vehurumende, iyo iri kabhoni kopi pamutemo zita kubva mutauro Chirungu, zvakanyorwa sezvo Paralympic Games .

Maererano nomutemo Federal anovamba rakabatana pfungwa kuti inofanira kushandiswa mitemo Russian Federation, uyewo zvose nemashoko kuti akaumba yakavakirwa pavo. Naizvozvo Paralympic mitambo mapofu uye nemaziso havachanyatsogoni, uyewo mamwe Mapato ose vatambi, akatumidza nzira.

The kuitika Mitemo chiperengo mashoko aya anopiwa maererano nemitemo unosimbiswa dzakawanda masangano zvemitambo uye Kurambwa kwokutanga izwi iri zvinosiyana ndechokuti kushandiswa kweshoko "yeOlympic", uye chero nomukaka yaro Marketing kana zvimwe zvinangwa vezvokutengeserana zvinofanira kugara kunoenderana IOC, riri zvikuru asinganyatsoita.

dzakawanda komiti

The International Paralympic Committee iri asiri purofiti uye asiri ehurumende sangano, riri basa rekugadzirira, uye nekutambira vakabata siyana yechando uye chirimo Games, nyika Championships uye vazhinji nevamwe makwikwi dzakawanda vanhu vakaremara.

The mukuru muviri IGC ndiye General Assembly, akasangana pamakore maviri uye wakapindwa ose nhengo sangano. Kazhinji Pfupiso gwaro, maererano izvo mutemo rinoitwa mibvunzo yacho Paralympic Movement, akasarudza kushandisa bumbiro racho IPC mitemo.

The Committee kwete chete anoita nyaya iripo anoranga - pane mitambo zvitsva Paralympic vachiwedzerwa dzose. Kubvira muna 2001, pambiru purezidhendi sangano iri zvinotora Sir Philip Kraven (wokuEngland), uyo ari chikamu basa weBritish Olympic Association. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti murume uyu shasha nyika uye kaviri akava maviri-nguva European shasha ari Basketball muna mawiricheya, uye chirango kwavo kwenguva refu nguva purezidhendi weInternational Federation.

Achitungamirirwa Philippe Kravena vakatanga wakagadziridzwa inokosha zvinangwa, uyewo dzinokosha marongerwo uye gadziriro utungamiriri pamusoro IPC. Pakupedzisira, kushandisa ichi itsva yokusvika akabvumira kuti tive pasuru kubva vaitaura, uyewo kushandisa zvaakaratidzwa itsva nebasa rose sangano, saka kuti muna 2004 Constitution rakagamuchirwa kubva IGC kuita nhasi.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti USSR National chikwata kokutanga akatendeukira yayo kufunga paralympic mutambo "Bocce" uye vamwe chete muna 1984, akasvika muAustria kuti makwikwi aya. debut chikwata chake chakatanga Medals zvendarira maviri vakakunda Olgoy Grigorevoy, uyo akanga nemaziso vasingadzoreki. In makwikwi chirimo vatambi Soviet aigona kuita debut ake chete Games muSeoul, kwakaitika muna 1988 - Vakagarapo munzira uye munda makwikwi uye kushambira, kukwanisa kutora naye pakupera 55 Medals, izvo 21 aiva nendarama.

Chirevo

Kokutanga pasi chiratidzo 2006 makwikwi yakaitwa, uko mumwe chando Paralympic mutambo. Track uye munda, kushambira uye zvimwe kuranga zhizha akatanga kuitwa pasi Logo ichi kare ikako, asi iye anoramba kuchinja nanhasi. Logo Izvi zvinosanganisira hemisphere manyoro, tsvuku uye zvitema mavara, iyo dziri kumativi pakati. chiratidzo ichi rinotarisirwa kuratidza chikuru basa IPC kuunza pamwe chete nevatambi vakaremara avo VACHIYEMURA vanhu unokurudzira nokuda kwavo munyika yose kubudirira. Pari, mavara ari chiratidzo vari zvakanaka kumiririrwa mu siyana mireza munyika dzakasiyana-siyana munyika, uye dzinomirira Body, Mind uye noMweya.

Games vanewo Paralympic mureza, izvo zvinoratidza chiratidzo IPC pamusoro chena background, panguva imwecheteyo rinogona kushandiswa chete pazviitiko, tentatively abvumirwa ne IGC.

Hymn chinhu orchestral basa rwiyo de l'Avenir, uye akanyora anozivikanwa munyori wake French anonzi Terri Darni muna 1996, uye akapotsa pakarepo akabvumirwa nokuda IASC Board.

Paralympic Mashoko se "Mudzimu mu Motion", uye zviri zvakare zvakajeka uye muchidimbu rinopa inokosha zvakaratidzwa mirayiridzo - kugonesa chero vatambi vakaremara achifarira uye afuridzire nyika yavo kubudirira, zvisinei matangiro womunhu uye ake ezvinhu utano.

mutambo mhando

Paralympic Games (mitambo) vanokamurwa muzvikamu akawanda.

• Summer. Vanosanganisira kure-mwaka uye chirimo Paralympic Games (Mitambo), yakaitirwa zvikamu makore mana pasi kurapa IOC. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kuwedzera vakanyorwa mitambo, uye mudiki mitambo yakadai Goalball, chaienda uye nevamwe.
• Winter. Pakutanga yaisanganisira state mitambo chete, asi nokufamba kwenguva rakawedzerwa nechireyi Hockey uye Wheelchair Curling. Panguva iyoyo, mashoko Winter Games inoitwa zvose 5 makuru anoranga.

moto ataure

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, mureza moto dzakaparira muOlympia, uye chete anotanga munhu ataure nhangemutange, mukufamba iyo rikataurwa zvakananga muguta-guta guru akabata mitambo. Olympic uye Paralympic zvemitambo panyaya iyi zvakasiyana, uye pano nzira isina vakatanga kubva Olympia - musangano pachavo kusarudza guta apo achatanga mudungwe, uye nzira moto guru, Chokwadi, nguva dzose zvishoma pfupi.

Somuenzaniso, 2014 ataure rwakatora mazuva 10, uye munguva iyi zhenje kutakurwa nevanhu 1,700 kubva kuRussia uye dzimwe nyika, kusanganisira 35% vanhu vakaremara. Special kutarisirwa inofanira kubhadharwa kuti chokwadi kuti muchirongwa ataure munhangemutange sezvo zviuru zvina vanozvipira, uye moto rikaparadzirwa kudunhu maguta 46 dzakasiyana kumatunhu Russia. Uyezve, nokuti kokutanga nzira imwe nzendo ataure izvozvo rakaitirwa muStoke Mandeville, kuti ndizvo chaizvo apo wokutanga kuitwa Paralympic Games, kunyange asati ari chakarongwa hwaro. Kutanga muna 2014, nomumoto guta kuchaitika dzose.

mhando biathlon

Vatambi kutora chikamu mune Paralympic makwikwi muna makumi makore anoranga siyana uye zvose shanu chando - nechireyi hockey, nechomujinga Skiing, biathlon, pawiricheya Curling uye muchinjikwa-nyika Skiing. Hapana chinokosha kusiyana dzinokosha nemitemo zviitiko zvakadai pane zvishoma, asi pane zvimwe zvinhu.

Saka Paralympic Biathlon rinopa kuderedzwa daro kubaya, uye ndiko metres chete 10, apo mureza biathlon rinopa chipfuro nzvimbo mamita 50 kubva murwi. Uyewo vatambi vane kutadza kuona zvakanaka, kudzingwa basa kubva anokosha pfuti akashongedzerwa optronicheskoy hurongwa akaparirwa panguva sighting. ino kunosanganisira kushandisa Electro-pfungwa, izvo kutanga emit guru beep kana mumhanyi kuona kusvika pakati chipfuro, kuubvumira nani kufamba kuitisa kwepfuti yakarurama pamusoro chipfuro.

Uyewo mitambo siyana inoverengeka mamwe mamiriro ancillary uye kushandiswa ruzivo husava ari Implementation zvimwe zviito kuti vatambi vakaremara, saka havagoni kuenzaniswa mureza zvemitambo, kunyange munzira dzakawanda havana kufanana zvakakwana.

The Paralympic Games vari yakawanda kusiyana kubva yeOlympic, asi nzira imwe kana mumwe, kutsvakawo chinangwa chete - kufuridzira kuti kukwira miti itsva. Nokuti vose anocherekedza makwikwi aya, zvirema, handina kupiwa kukwira, zviri zvachose muenzaniso wakakodzera kutevedzera.