Penicillin mishonga: kutiza "mashiripiti bara"

Penicillin mishonga - boka antibacterial zvinhu zvinoberekwa fungal tsika genus Penicillium. Nhasi, vari vanobudirira chemo- uye asingaurayiwi kurapa. Sezvakanga cephalosporins, kuti penicillin mishonga dzinoiswa sezvo Beta-lactam zvinodhaka. Ane simba bactericidal zvazviri uye anokudzwa nezvebasa pamusoro giremu-zvakanaka utachiona, vane zvikuru kutsanya uye nomugumisiro uchiita pathogenic utachiona kunyanya kuwanda Pasika.

A maitiro kuchiitwa boka iri zvinodhaka kukwanisa avo kupinda munzvimbo masero mapenyu uye ane neutralizing kubatsira vakagara mukati utachiona izvi. Izvi unhu zvakafanana mishonga-cephalosporins pamwe kuti penicillin, richienzaniswa vane nemishonga zvishoma zvikuru kuti Beta-lactamases - inokosha unodzivirira makemikari zvinoberekwa pathogenic tusingaoneki.

Kuwanikwa kuti penicillin, nesimba Chirungu microbiologist Aleksandra Fleminga muna 1929, yakabereka mumwe mukuru nokumukirana mukurapa. Zvakakwanisika zvakanyanya kubata zvirwere zvizhinji pamberi emakore vaionekwa ngozi - semuenzaniso, zvemapapu kuzvimba. Uye basa kuti penicillin muna Second World War rwevanhu chinzvimbo uye akakodzera kuongorora kwesayenzi unoparadzanisa.

First kuwana pfungwa fuma, tigume tupukanana tusingaoneki, asi zvinokuchengetedzai vanhu, vakanga akagadzira uye rakatangwa pakutanga kwezana XIX-XX emakore muvambi mishonga, Paulem Erlihom. Kufanana fuma, iye akataura nomazvo, sezvinoita "mashiripiti bara." Kwakadaro makemikari vakanga nokukurumidza kuwanikwa pakati nomukaka zvimwe chakaita zvokugadzirwa madhayi. Inonzi "mishonga", vava zvinowanzoshandiswa mishonga njovhera. Uye kunyange efficacy uye kuchengeteka zvave kure penicillins ano, vakanga vari harbingers vokutanga asingaurayiwi kurapa iri ano maonero.

Current kuti penicillin mishonga akaratidza inonyanya kunyatsoshanda noruremekedzo kuti anaerobic tusingaoneki. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kunzi superpenitsillinov (azlocillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin nevamwe), uyewo wechitatu-chizvarwa cephalosporins, izvo inowanzoshandiswa nokuda kudzivirira zvichibvira postoperative yematambudziko. Nhasi, simba mishonga kuti penicillin boka yaishandiswa kurapa vana, vakadzi vane pamuviri, vakwegura, varwere renal insufficiency uye zvakasiyana-siyana chakasimba nonspecific epididymitis.

Pasinei nezvose nebudiriro pharmacology ano uye hama kukwana kuti penicillin kugadzirira hope Paulya Erliha kuti "wakakwana zvemashiripiti bara" zvakaoma chinhu kana chinozoiswa, sezvo kunyange munyu zvinokuvadza ari yakawandisa. Tingatii pamusoro zvinodhaka zvakadaro simba uye ngozi sezvo kuti penicillin nemishonga! Side Migumisiro antibacterials umboo vanofanira patsanura mukana dzakasiyana-siyana sema, chepfu siyana uye kuvhiringidza gastrointestinal ushande.