Pfungwa muchato murayiro mhuri. Marudzi muchato. Legal unhu muchato mutemo mhuri

mutemo Family zvinosanganisira mitemo chaiwo ukama pakati pevarume nevakadzi mhando. Akanyanya tiri kutaura pamusoro chakarongwa mubatanidzwa, yakasimbiswa nechinangwa kwemajoini weimba, pakuzvarwa uye vana. Vazhinji vakabvuma yokuti muchato.

mutemo mhuri pasi zvimwe zvinhu zvinofanira akasangana panowanikwa izvi mibatanidzwa. Mukuwedzera, mutemo inopa zvinoverengeka zviri kuti vatiitire rinozivikanwa tsananguro. Funga zvakare kuti muchato uyu zvinodiwa ano.

tsananguro

Sei murayiro anobata pfungwa yokuroorana? mutemo mhuri inonzi akasununguka, kuenzana, anofungidzirwa kuti mubatanidzwa hwose pakati pemurume nemukadzi. It inozadziswa zvaidiwa ezvinhu uye kurapa akarongwa nemutemo. Panguva vanyorwa chokubatana, vaviri kuonekwa zvimwe yakawiriranwa pfuma uye pachavo mabasa uye kodzero. Tsanangudzo iyi dzataurwa nokuda musayendisiti Soviet G. K. Matveevym uye kwaibva pakuti somumwe kuzvinangwa mukomboni vakadzi nevarume vari Union vanofanira kuita kuberekwa uye zvokurera vana vavo.

Kugadzirwa mutemo

Pfungwa muchato mutemo mhuri zvaiitika pre-echimurenga sainzi, uyewo amuudza nokuda panotaurwa Kubatanidzwa mukadzi uye murume. Panyaya iyi, sezvo chinangwa chikuru akaita sokubika mapoto. Panguva imwe mitemo tinoona kuti mubatanidzwa akasimuka kubudikidza yakawiriranwa chibvumirano muna waakaudzwa muchimiro.

Pfungwa muchato, mhuri mutemo chaizvoizvo ari kweSoviet, akanga adudzira sezvo vangasimudzira itsva muchimiro ukama pakati pemurume mukadzi mugovanisi vanhu kusiyana aivapo kwose.

mitemo ano

Pari vaongorori cherechedza kuti pfungwa yokuroorana uye zvinhu kusimuka yaitonga Soviet Union, akanga akavakirwa zvikurukuru pamusoro yakawiriranwa nepfungwa vanhu (rudo). Panyaya iyi, mumabhuku kuti nguva mubatanidzwa vakadzi nevarume inokurukurwa sezvo ukama vadyi sokubika mapoto, kunobva nenhungamiro ushamwari, pamwe uye rudo.

Muna 1995 akatanga nokuda Article 256 of Civil Code. Kubva panguva iyi kupfungwa muchato kwasvika kuvandudza kukura. Chinokosha nokusimbaradza yepamutemo hwaro kupinda nokubatana uye vachengeta vari IC itsva. Bumbiro iri wakatangwa muna 1995. Nokuda hwaro yake itsva sevanhu unconventional, zvitsva kuti sayenzi maonero kupfungwa yokuroora. Nzira idzi dziri vangasimudzira yakasiyana avo aripo munguva Soviet.

tsananguro

Sezvo mumwe vanyori wepanguva uyo yakashuma kuvapo yevagari-pamutemo hunhu muchato anoita ANTOKOLSKY. Iye zvinogutsa nharo kuti chibvumirano racho chaizvo mubatanidzwa rakasiyana wehurumende chibvumirano muna chikamu, iyo hunodzorwa nemitemo uye kunoita kuti tibvunze kuti nemimwe migumisiro.

asi vanyori vakawanda kunze ANTOKOLSKY akaratidza kuti kuroorana kwakadaro. The siyana Nzira kurapwa kwayo akatora nzvimbo kwete chete kuRussia asiwo kwose.

Kuongororwa dambudziko runoita kuunza maonero ayo tsananguro. Marriage chinonyanya kukosha repamutemo chokwadi kupa pave mhuri uye dzepamutemo noushamwari. Iye anoshumira yokuzvidira uye wakasununguka pamwe vakadzi nevarume, akagumisa vari ramakanzi nenzira, pakuita zvinodiwa mitemo uye nechinangwa kutanga mhuri.

mamiriro

Pane imwe hurongwa yewanano. Mutemo Family formulates nhamba ezvinhu varume nevakadzi pamwe akaita pamutemo pasi iyo. Ivo dzinotaurwa Article 12 UK. The mazita okuti kuonekwa dzoga. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

1. Kwokuzvidira mvumo.
2. Kuwana yamunenge zera.

Ngatikurukurei navo voga.

nokuzvidira mvumo

To formalize ukama inoitwa kunyoresa muchato. mutemo mhuri sezvo ayo wakare hwakagara rokuzvipira mvumo zvose zveramangwana kuwanana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuda yacho, unopinda ukama hakufaniri kuumbwa pasi pokudzora zvisiri pamutemo pane kwake dzimwe vanhu.

Murayiro anosimbisa nezvaidiwa pachavo mashoko chido nevarume nevakadzi. Saizvozvowo, mitemo yairambidza kuroorana maererano Marshal kana nomutsamba. Kuda anofanira kuziva. Vanhu vanofanira kungwarira zviito zvavakaita. mhirizhonga Chero, zvose mupfungwa uye mumuviri, kuremerwa kuda yacho, kwete kuda noukama, unzenza pezvawakaita, anopesana hunhu muchato uye asingauyi zvinoenderana zvatinopiwa Chikamu 19 reMitemo, iro hunounza vakaenzana kodzero kuti varume nevakadzi uye mikana yakaenzana nokuti Implementation kwavo.

Kumanikidza havagoni zvinobva chero mapato ukama, kana kubva dzavo nehama, shamwari uye zvimwe vanhu.

kunyoresa

Vakaratidza itirana yokuzvidira mvumo varume nevakadzi kuroora. The mashoko akaita zvokunyorwa uye vakashumira vari munyori sangano. Kana munhu kubva ramangwana madzimai haakwanisi havabatanidzwi ari drafting munhu kwemajoini gwaro, zvinoshanda iwe. 26 Federal Law nhamba 143. Sezvavakaita ndozvakajairwa, nyaya kodzero ikwidzwe yoga kushanda. Uyezve, nokuzvidira Usatenda akaratidza nomuromo vagari rehurumende remazita uye setifaya vakasaina dzavo.

Kugona yakakodzera zera

Munyika dzose anenge chete shoma zera, izvo zvinofanira kuva vanotongwa kumuchato. In Bulgaria, Somuenzaniso, vakadzi nevarume zvimwechetezvo - makore 18. MuHungary, Japan nedzimwe nenhamba dzinoverengeka. Pano, shoma zera vanhu - makore 18 uye vakadzi - 16. MuPoland - 21 uye 18, ukuwo. In Portugal, kubvira muna 1978, shoma chikumbaridzozve ndiwo makore 16. Muchiitiko chino, vaya chabudirira izvozvo, vane kodzero kupinda muwanano chete chete mvumo yacho vabereki. Kana vanhu ava nemakore 21 okuberekwa, vachagara kuchera ukama hwavo pachavo.

The RF IC rokuroora zera saizvozvo varume nevakadzi. Ndiye makore 18 okuberekwa. Muchiitiko ichi nayo rinobatana kutanga yevagari okuita zvakazara, maererano Art. 12 Civil Code. Kazhinji vachida kuti nyaya vanoda formalize ukama, vanofanira kusvika zvakakodzera zera panguva kunyoresa, uye kwete musi chikumbiro.

Kakawanda

In Art. 13, n. 2 SC anogovera mukuderedza kuberekesana zera. To ichi anofanira kuva chikonzero chakanaka. Kana mvumo nehurumende dzematunhu kuderedza zera chokuroorana makore 16.

Murayiro hazvirevi zvakajeka havatsananguri mazita zvikonzero. In tsika, sezvinoita mutemo, vane pamuviri munhu muduku, kudana kuuya kuhondo vehondo kana rwendo rurefu yemberi naye, uyewo kuberekwa kwomwana.

Chisarudzo kuderedza zera mvumo vabvuma panguva vanotongwa mupenyu, achida kuti ape mubatanidzwa wavo. Gwaro rinoratidza namakore (months), iye ipfupi, zita vemunyika. Chisarudzo ichi, nyaya akabvuma mashoko akanyorwa. hapana chinodiwa kuwana mvumo nevabereki kana ichi muna mutemo.

Vepurovhinzi anofanira kuva zvakanaka chaizvo nyaya kuti muchato makore 16. Conditions uye nzira nokuda Payakapera akanga pakutsvaga mitemo yacho nyaya Russian Federation. Kubva nguva vanyorwa munhu, izvo rokuroora zera rave kuderedzwa mitemo, zvinova woshanda zvizere. Kunyange kana pokufa mubatanidzwa anoramba zvichingodaro.

Kusara ndiko kudzika mutemo wenyika muchato. mutemo mhuri uye mutemo vehurumende anobvumira yezve zvishoma vachikanganisa.

Zvinotadzisa formalization ukama

Vakaziva 14-fung nyaya yacho RF IC. Legal unhu muchato mutemo mhuri takatsunga ne zvinhu mumutemo uye mamiriro ezvinhu modernity. Zvisinei, pane vakawanda ezvinhu pasi izvo formalization ari pamwe nezvisingabvumwi uye hazviiti. Dzavo mazita anonzi dzoga. Ezvinhu kutadzisa kunyoresa ukama dzinosanganisira:

1. Kuvapo hwevakaroorana ukama runenge rimwe vemapato. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hurumende dziviriro nomudzimai mumwe. Kana kunyoresa muchato nhau, izvo kare ari mumhuri ukama nomumwe munhu, pane mamiriro ezvinhu dvoemuzhestva / bigamy. Izvi zvinopesana mitemo ano. monogamy musimboti pazvinhu mitemo munyika dzakawanda. Kusara ndiyo hurumende iyo imwe rokubaya noukama chechikadzi kunopa chitendero vemo, vachibvumira barika.
2. Kuvapo ukama pakati jego. Zvikurukuru, zvinonzi kuitwa pamusoro nehama nenzira yakarurama mutsetse achiburukira uye vachikwira mitsetse - vabereki nevana, vazukuru uye vanambuya / Vanasekuru, uye kwete zvakazara renguva hanzvadzi / hama. akavarambidza izvi Inosimbisa raumbwa vasisanetswi anorapa achishandisa mitemo inorambidza uye dzidziso dzechitendero. It Vakawana kuti kuroorana kwehama dzepedyo kunowedzera mikana pathologies siyana, enhaka, zvikurukuru, uye kuderedza mukana wokuti vana utano. Uyezve, kare kugadzikana yetsika uye zvetsika zvine pfungwa pamusoro inadmissibility kwomubatanidzwa ukama pakati pehama.
3. Pokugadzwa sevanakomana. The Hwaro kurambidzwa uyu akaisa tsika uye zvetsika zvine chokuita. The ukama pakati adopter uye vagamuchirwa kuenzaniswa kufanana nyaya. 137 NC.
4. Kuwanikwa incapacity nokuda chirwere chepfungwa, dare yakasimbiswa, kupfuura imwe nyaya. Kuzivikanwa Its rinoitwa maererano Art. 29 of Civil Code. Maererano chakaipa mugari ane chirwere chepfungwa somugumisiro iyo arege kuziva maitiro avo uye nokudaro avatungamirire, mugamuchire chinzvimbo ane incapacitated munzira chairayirwa CPC.

dziviriro barika

Kuti tidzivise muchato nhau, akatowana nzvimbo mumba mavo ukama nomumwe munhu, pamusoro chikumbiro nesimba Registrar vagari hazvo kuti vakanga anoumbwa muukama hwakadaro kana kwete. Kana yapfuura ukama akavhuniwa, akapa kuMudzidzisi gwaro kuzosimbisa chokwadi ichi. Sezvo inogona kuita gwaro rokurambana kana rufu murume / mukadzi, uye vakapinda nechisimba chisarudzo hworuvazhe invalidation.

Features yokuremara nokuda chirwere chepfungwa

A nyaya vanotambura nezvirwere zvakadai, asingakwanisi kushandisa maitiro avo, vachiziva zvavanoita. Saka, haigoni kutaura nokuzvidira kubvumirana kupinda ukama hwevakaroorana.

Kurambidzwa yokuroorana incapacitated mupfungwa pathologies zvakakonzera hanya vanhu uye hurumende kumisa utano chakaipa mhuri,. Uyezve, dzimwe zvirwere zvakasikwa izvi zvinogona nhaka. Izviwo, zvingangoisa mungozi chidzoke yevana utano.

Incapacity kuonekwe pashure mukuru kunyoresa. Panyaya iyi, dzimba ukama, yakagadzirirwa panguva apo vagari akatambura zvokurwara, ichakurukurwa sezvo mitemo yakakodzera.

Rights yokunyoresa Mahofisi

Mental zvokurwara, runoratidzwa muchimiro rimwe kana rimwe, uyewo mamwe chirwere, haisi chikonzero kuziva incapacity, kwete kuita vhiringidza kunyoresa muchato. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, mukuru vanyorwa hwevakaroorana ukama zvingasaita chete nokuda kusavapo munhu achiziva kuda.

Kana panguva yokunyoresa Office ane zvakakomba nechokwadi pamusoro yauri kushanyira nekuda kwepfungwa utano, ine kodzero kumbosendeka muchato kwemwedzi. Panguva iyi, wekuongorora uye vamiririri zvokurapa zvikoro vanosarudza nzira yakakodzera hworuvazhe nezvavanoita kureva vagari kuti muchikwata vakaremara vanhu.

Marudzi muchato

mutemo Family kunoita ikozvino nzira dzinoverengeka kuti vanhu chichizouya hwevakaroorana ukama. The pamusoro akarondedzera formalization yacho mubatanidzwa. Marriage kunyoresa inopa zvimwe migumisiro mapato. Akanyanya mune pfuma vaite chokuita mumwe. Nokudaro, panguva kugumiswa muchato vakatakura partition zvinhu netsika akawana anorenda kutsunga mwana chigaro mutsigiri vanotumirwa yokuzvigadzirisa.

Munguva ichangopfuura, nokupararira kwakanga nomumiririri wehurumende. MuRussia, vanhu vazhinji havasi kuenda formalize ukama. Izvi imhaka zvakawanda. Panyaya mabasa, havana nokudzorwa UK. Asi vose, nomukadzi akadaro dzinotungamirirwa ne Civil Code.

Pane imwe chikamu chokubatana - muchato. mutemo Family haripi chaiyoiyo tsanangudzo nayo. Kazhinji, ukama hwakadaro inonzi mibatanidzwa vakatanga pasina rudo uye kwete kuberekwa uye zvokurera vana, uye nokuda nevavariro dzoudyire. Zvisinei, vanogona kuva pane chete rumwe, uye vaviri kuti kutengeserana. The mitemo hazvirevi kumisa chero kuita kuti michato dzakadaro kutoti vari vakanyorwa nechinangwa nokuita mabasa asiri pamutemo paya.