Pfungwa yeruramisiro uye nemagariro kodzero

Pfungwa yeruramisiro agara chaizvo basa chero munzanga yevanhu, ari mumwe inokosha yetsika mhando. Zvechokwadi, siyana evanhu mapoka zvipo zvakasiyana kune zveupfumi nemagariro upenyu kwenzanga uye vanoita zvakasiyana mumabasa, asi mumwe zvishoma zvoupfumi zvinhu anofanira anosimbiswa zvose pasina chaakasiya. A dzidziso Kururamisira ndehwokuti kuongorora nani kunzwisisa ichi pfungwa kuti, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinodiwa proportionality, uye pamusoro mumwe - kuenzana.

Izvi kusawirirana mune tsanangudzo gutsaruzhinji wakatsamwisa kutsoropodzwa kubva kurudyi-sunungukei nezvoupfumi uye ideologues. Vaiona munzanga akanyatsokodzera haawirirani pamisika nenheyo, uye akatiwo kuti iye anodzivisa makwikwi uye rusununguko. A dzidziso Justice, akaberekwa muna 70s remakore rapfuura, aiva kuedza chokubatanidza uye yokufudza sokuti vasingawirirani pfungwa idzi. Yakava hwaro dzakadaro kutanga mune zvematongerwo enyika uye munzanga uzivi, somunhu kuruboshwe-liberalism.

Huru zvinoriumba vari Nokutendeka kuvimbika, kunzwisisa somunhu kusafarira uye akanaka muitiro nokuda allocating anodiwa zvinhu pachishandiswa munhu ano shanduro yakanaka yekare dzidziso evanhu chibvumirano, uye vanonzi "chifukidziro nokusaziva". Zvapedzisira rinoreva kuti chisarudzo-anotyisa pamusoro akanaka kuparadzirwa, anofanira kutanga kutsvaka kudzivirira pangozi zvikuru vanhu, nokuti kuti vanofanira kuiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu kuti havana kuziva chii chinzvimbo achatora uye chii kubatsirwa achapiwa. Muvambi pfungwa iyi yaiva Dzhon Rolz. "A Nemuromo Zvakarurama" - musoro mumwe zvikuru mabhuku anofunga ichi. "The nokutsvaka vakaenzana harisi chete kwekuva inoshanda, zviri zvikuru ratinoberekwa naro ari musoro munhu, - muzivi - kusaruramisira zvaitombova nani chete idzodzo zviitiko apo nayo hwezvekukurukurirana matambudziko varombo."

Dzhona Rolza bhuku chamuita nharo masayendisiti kwete chete, asiwo kuvandudzwa itsva dzidziso mumunda kodzero dzevanhu. Zvikurukuru, kodzero dzevanhu kuti kunyatsoteerera evanhu kodzero uye kuchengeteka kwavo. A dzidziso Justice achiyananisa pfungwa rusununguko uye munzanga kuenzana, kwaita kuti wakajeka tsanangudzo rusununguko sezvo vakadaro. "Rusununguko" vakauya kunzwisiswa kwete chete sezvo rusununguko rwokusarudza hurumende, zvitendero kana kubatana mune dzimwe zvikwata, asi kuti vane kodzero kweupfumi. Uye pfungwa "rusununguko kubva" haringorevi chete zvinoriumba akadai rusununguko kubva muuranda uye kurwadziswa, asiwo kubva nzara.

Nokutendeka dzidziso zvakare chaizvo nokuramba wakaomerera panzira kunomutsa mubvunzo wokuti munhu kodzero shoma kusvika kuruzhinji zvakanaka, uye anopindura nayo okusafarira. Dzhon Rolz anotenda kuti munhu anonzi akati kunyange Immanuel Kant, haagoni kuva nzira, asi chinangwa chete, uye nokuda kodzero dzake norusununguko haagoni kuderedzwa nokuda zvemagariro zvakanaka uye runyararo. Ukuwo, ndandanda munhu kodzero kusanganisira kodzero yakakwana nemararamiro, izvo zvinofanira inopiwa nehurumende.

With zvose zvinokanganiswa uye contingent Pfungwa Harvard nyanzvi, zvaainyanya mhedziso vakatorwa naMweya kupfuura vakakurumbira dzakawanda jurists uye dzevanhu kurovedzera. Kodzero Human ndivo indivisible, Vanoti, nekuti vanhu vanogara mukutya vanodzvinyirirwa uye vanhu vanogara pasina munzanga kuchengetedzwa, ndiye vanobata kodzero dzavo. Zvakaitika-yakareba chinoratidza sei zvakanaka Rawls. Nokutendeka dzidziso ave zvikurukuru anotsigirwa netsika - kwekodzero dzavanhu nguva dzose vaunze dambudziko urombo, uye urombo anotungamirira mumwe kukanganisa uye mhirizhonga. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe wedu akakodzera chete pamwero mikana uye zvakafanana huri upenyu.