Phagocytosis - chii? Chii ndiwo phagocytosis? zvokukura phagocytosis

Saka, phagocytosis - chii? Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa tsanangudzo iyi izwi. Shoko "phagocytosis" rakabva maviri echiGiriki morpheme - phagos (unopedza) uye kytos (sero). International Medical rokuti phagokytosis, kusafanana russified ane magumo OSIS, izvo rinoshandurudza kubva muchiGiriki se "muitiro" kana "Muitiro". Saka, tsanangudzo iyi rinoreva chirongwa kuzivikanwa vemamwe mumiririri zvakananga masero, chinangwa kufamba kwazviri, kubatwa uye Absorção de Água pamwe unozotevera cleavage. Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro musimboti phagocytosis. nesuwo kutaura ndedzipi phagocytes, funga matanho uye kuwana musiyano pakati kwakakwana uye kukwana phagocytosis.

History of kuwanikwa motile mumasero anokosha

Russian musayendisiti The kunoshamisa - II Mechnikov muna 1882 - 1883 makore. dzaiitisa kuedza pamusoro intracellular kugaya, kudzidza läpinäkyvä mazana nyeredzi gungwa. Scientist akashamisika kana kugara zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge kukwanisa kubata zvokudya vakasiyana masero. Uye kugaya zvakanaka, sezvo kuita majemusi akadai amoeba. I. I. Mechnikov aipedza zvakaitika: kupinda mutumbi mazana ose Carmine upfu uye vakatarisa kumativi tsanga ropa-tsvuku idzi duku akakura muchitokisi rusvingo. Vakabata uye ikamedza pendi. Ipapo musayendisiti imwe pfungwa kuti chero nhengo inofanira kuva inokosha kudzivirira masero, izvo zvinogona tibatsirwe uye kugaya zvimwe zvacho zvinokuvadza muviri. Kuti asimbise pfungwa dzavo, masayendisiti akashandisa Pink yakatesvera panyanga dzacho, izvo chakaunzwa muviri mazana yacho Starfish. Kwapera nguva yakati, vaongorori vakawana kuti masero wakakomberedzwa minzwa, kuedza kukurira "tupukanana" uye vasisavadi navo. Izvi nezvimedu chaiwo unodzivirira anowanikwa mutumbi mazana, musayendisiti anonzi phagocytes. Kuburikidza nechiitiko ichi kwakaratidza I. I. Mechnikov phagocytosis. Muna 1883, akashuma kuwanikwa kwake Congress of zvakasikwa Russian wechinomwe. Mune ramangwana, musayendisiti akaramba kushanda mirayiridzo iyi, akasika kuenzaniswa zvokurwara kuti kuzvimba, uyewo phagocytic dzidziso kutapata. Muna 1908, pamwe chete musayendisiti Paul Ehrlich, akagamuchira Nobel Prize pamusana inokosha chaivo tsvakurudzo yavo.

Chiitiko kuti phagocytosis - chii?

I. I. Mechnikov akatarisa uye akadzidza basa phagocytosis ari kudzivirira vamwe vanhu nemhuka kwirirei. Masayendisiti akawana kuti izvi anotamba basa rinokosha mune maronda siyana. Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary anopa zvinotevera tsananguro. Phagocytosis ari kushingaira inobaya mwoyo, uye Absorção de Água vokune dzimwe nyika zvinhu zvakadai utachiona, uye masero zvimedu microfungi, unicellular zvinenge kana masero chaiwo (phagocytes), inowanika chero zvipuka zvine masero akawanda. Chii ndiwo phagocytosis? Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndiwo mukuru chimiro kudzivirirwa zvipuka zvine masero akawanda. Vanhu rokuzvidzivirira inoshanda phagocytosis unoitawo inokosha basa. Ndiye pakutanga kusvika kutanga dzakasiyana-siyana nemavhairasi, mabhakitiriya uye dzimwe dzimwe nevamiririri. Phagocytes nguva kutenderedza yose muviri, kutsvaka "zvipukanana". Kana vatorwa mumiririri inoziviswa, nokusungwa paro receptors. Naizvozvo phagocyte chipembenene absorbs uye akariuraya.

mapoka maviri chikuru masero motile - "nevanozvitsigira"

Phagocytes zvinoshingaira uye vakagadzirira nguva dzose chero nguva hwokubata kunobva chirwere. Vane imwe kuzvionera, nekuti kutakura kubuda mabasa avo, mukati kwete chete asiwo kunze kwemuviri; pamusoro pemvura mucous membranes uye munzvimbo hunenge tishu. phagocytes Human panyaya kushanda kwavo, masayendisiti ari mapoka mapoka maviri - the "nyanzvi" uye "unprofessional". Chokutanga monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, rechikepe masero, dendritic masero uye tishu. Chikuru Mobile masero phagocytic ndivo chena masero eropa - chena ropa masero. Ivo kwenyika kune anogumbura pfungwa nekuita anodzivirira mabasa. Phagocytosis kunosanganisira kuziva miedzo leukocytes, Absorção de Água uye kuparadzwa navatorwa zvinhu, uyewo masero vayo akafa kana kukuvaradzwa. Apedza mabasa dzavo chena ropa masero kutamira kunyika muropa, uye anoramba kutenderedza muropa, uye mumwe - narwo apoptosis kana dystrophic kuchinja. "Unprofessional" boka rine fibroblasts uye masero reticular endothelial, vane yakaderera phagocytic basa.

Pfungwa phagocytosis: pechikuva wokutanga

Funga kuti muitiro kudzora zvipenyu inokuvadza. Masayendisiti anozivisa muzvikamu zvina phagocytosis. Wokutanga ndiwo convergence: phagocyte kuswedera kuna wokumwe chinhu. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa netsaona kudhumhana kana somugumisiro yezviri achitaura kufamba - chemotaxis. Kune mhando mbiri chemotaxis - zvakanaka (kune phagocytes) uye kunaka (kufamba phagocytes). Kazhinji, zvakanaka chemotaxis achaendeswa nzvimbo kukuvara rinenge uyewo kunokonzerwa tupukanana uye zvokudya zvavo.

Kunamatira phagocytes imwe mumiririri

Pashure convergence kletki "mudziviriri" ne utsinye PARTICIPLE rechipiri Danho inotanga. Ari akanamatira. Phagocyte kusvika nyaya chokuita nayo uye zvakabatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, masero eropa machena, iro pakasvika pakati kuzvimba uye adherent kuti mudziyo rusvingo, musaputsa pazviri, kunyange pasinei huru chokubuda velocity. adhesion mashandiro rinoitwa nevanhu pamusoro mutariri phagocyte. Kazhinji, zviri akaipa, uye pose zvinhu phagocyte iri chokwadi mhosva. Muchiitiko chino, pane zvakanaka adhesion. Isakarurama mhosva nezvimedu Somuenzaniso, bundu, vari akabatwa phagocytes yekudyidzana kuipa. Zvisinei, pane akanamatira kuna inoramba yakadaro. Ruchiitika kuburikidza kuitwa mucopolysaccharides, huripo pamusoro pemvura phagocytes membranes uyewo Akaroromesawo viscosity pamusoro cytoplasm uye rakafukidza whey wokumwe mumiririri.

Danho chetatu phagocytosis

Mushure aida yokumwe chinhu phagocyte atanga Absorção de Água kwayo, izvo zvinogona kuitika nenzira mbiri. Panguva kunyorerana ane yokumwe chinhu goko, uye ipapo chinhu wavhomorwa kupinda muchitokisi. Saka chinhu dzakavharika vakasununguka micheto ari Kamudzira, uye pakupedzisira vakanyarara vacuole kuumbwa kuitika mukati ane PARTICIPLE pasingadiwi. Chechipiri Absorção de Água nzira - panowanikwa pseudopodia, inoramba vavatorwa rakafukidza nokupiringidza pamusoro pavo. Somugumisiro, vari akanyudzwa vacuoles mukati mumasero. Kazhinji, achibatsirwa pseudopodia phagocytes yekubata microfungi. Yokururamisa kana rakafukidza akaipa chinhu anova zvinogoneka nokuti goko hwakapiwa phagocyte contractile ehupfumi.

Intracellular cleavage kuti "chipembenene"

Danho wechina inosanganisira phagocytosis pamusoro intracellular kugaya. Izvi zvinoitika sezvinotevera. The vacuole ine dzimwe nezvimedu zvinosanganisira lysosomes vane dzakaoma Inosanganisa makemikari zviri kusashanda uye akadurura. Izvi zvinoita ezvinhu umo cleavage kunoitika nyore zvoutachiona macromolecules ribonuclease, amylase, runovharidzira mamwe uye lipase. Nokuda zvaanopa simba makemikari kugaya uye kuparadza kunoitika, uye ipapo kusunungurwa vacuole kudzikisirana zvigadzirwa. Zvino kuti unoziva chii zvikamu zvina phagocytosis. Kudzivirirwa muviri rinoitwa mumatanho: kutanga pane convergence phagocyte vachindipomera ipapo kukwezvana, i.e. urongwa nezvimedu zvisingadiwi pamusoro pemvura "Airwira", uye pashure paizvozvo - the Absorção de Água uye kugaya pamusoro udyi.

Kukwana uye kwakakwana phagocytosis. Ndezvipi kusawirirana kwavo?

Zvichienderana chii chichava mugumisiro intracellular kugaya vokune dzimwe nyika inoramba, zviviri akapora - kwakakwana uye kukwana phagocytosis. Chokutanga chinhu kwapera kuparadzwa kwakakwana uye kubviswa kudzikisirana zvigadzirwa mune zvakatipoteredza. Kukwana phagocytosis - chii? The rinoreva kuti mutorwa masero vari yokuita zvinoitwa phagocytes, kuramba. Vanogona kuparadza vacuole, kana kurishandisa se "ivhu" nokuda maberekero. Muenzaniso kukwana phagocytosis chinhu gonococcal uptake mumuviri, usina kutapata kwavari. Kana kukwana utachiona kubudikidza phagocytosis pamusoro phagocytes inochengetwa mukati, uye dzakapararira muviri. Saka, panzvimbo yacho runodzivirira mashandiro ose phagocytosis anova nemunhu ari chirwere, kubatsira tupukanana kuparadzira muwande.

Zvinokonzera intracellular kugaya kwacho

Phagocytosis kutyora kunoitika nokuda urema pakugadzirwa phagocytes uyewo kudzvinyirira webasa Mobile "aidzivirira" kletok-. Uyezve, imwe rwakashata Kuchinja intracellular kugaya zvichida nokuda nhaka zvirwere, zvakadai zvirwere uye Alder Chedyaka-Higashi. Kutyora inotungamirwa phagocytes, kusanganisira patsva kuti leukocytes, rinowanzoberekera kana mwaranzi kugara kana nokuda enhaka neutropenia. Kudzvinyirira basa phagocytes kunogona kuitika nokuda kushayiwa zvimwe hormone, electrolytes uye mavhitaminzi. Uyewo glycolytic muchetura uye microbial zvinokachidza kukanganisa kushanda phagocytes. Tinovimba, kuburikidza ino, unogona kupindura nyore mubvunzo: "? Phagocytosis - chii". Rombo rakanaka!