Phenol-formaldehyde nebwe. Kugadzirira uye kushandiswa. ehupfumi

Phenol formaldehyde nebwe - a chakaita zvokugadzirwa nebwe ane ehupfumi kuti thermosets kana thermosets. Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti akadaro oligomeric kana mvura zvinhu, yaunganidzwa polycondensation kuti formaldehyde pamwe phenol iri acidic kana alkaline svikiro (resol, novolac nebwe kana bakelite). Izvi mberi inokanganisa kwokupedzisira chigadzirwa ehupfumi.

The ehupfumi kuti phenol-formaldehyde Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti

Phenol formaldehyde nebwe (payakavakirwa [-C6H3 (OH) -CH2-] n) ane yakakwirira magetsi kuputira, ngura zvakanaka uye zvokuimba pakusimba. Zvakakwana soluble inonhuwirira uye aliphatic Mahydrocarbon, ketones uye chlorinated zvokufembedzwa. Uyewo soluble mune polar mhinduro uye aqueous alkali mhinduro. Pashure arapa phenol-formaldehyde Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti vari dzikwanise gustosshitye microheterogeneous Polymers ose amorphous mamiriro.

Apo phenol formaldehyde nebwe rikashandiswa?

- kweShanduro mapurasitiki: akaomesa nebwe inonzi resite, Rakasimbisa mafuta pamberi sulphonic acids - karbolit, pamberi lactic asidhi - neoleykoritami;

- kweShanduro varnishes, adhesives, chakaita zvokugadzirwa, mabheyaringi, akamedura Mapedhi, balls nokuti Billiards;

- kubva karbolit (arapwa phenol-formaldehyde nebwe) kugadzirwa dzimba multimers zvimwe yokutevedzera Soviet;

- uyewo fuma kushandiswa senzvimbo bhainda kuti pagadzirwe vakazadzwa Kuumbwa nziyo pamwe fillers dzakasiyana (furawa huni, girazi faibha, cellulose), Chipboard uye fibreboard, achidira uye impregnating nziyo (nokuti wakazadza nokusanzwira dzakarukwa zvinhu nokuda plywood) adhesives.

Phenol formaldehyde nebwe: kugamuchirwa uye ikoroji

Uye formaldehyde uye phenol zvaishandiswa zvaAtemisi phenol-formaldehyde Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti, muchetura uye zvinobata moto zvinhu. Formaldehyde nebwe inokanganisa pamusoro womunhu muviri: zvinokonzera eczema uye dermatitis. Uyezve, formaldehyde anewo carcinogenic ehupfumi.  

Bakelite - akaomesa yemudzimu phenol-formaldehyde nebwe pamberi anowedzera. nyaya iyi kwakakosha munyaya dzakasiyana-siyana muupenyu hwevanhu. Bakelite ari murombo kondakita nokupisa, asi rinoratidza kurwisa zvakanaka zvokuimba kukuvadza: kuvhunduka, kuvhunduka, kukweshera kana kumanikidzwa. Nyore kushanda chinokosha lathe. Chinhu insulator akanaka. The rakasanganiswa alkali, asidhi uye mvura haushandi, kunze kuramba sulfuric kana nitric acids. Husingakwanisi +300 madhigirii, ndepana dzakakwirira combustion tembiricha.

Zvakanga pakutanga yakagadzirirwa kuti amirire shellac - mumwe nebwe rinokosha kubudiswa zvakasikwa achitsva lacquer akamboona nezvipembenene.

Phenolics. kunyoresa

Phenoplast - a mapurasitiki icho yaunganidzwa solidification formaldehyde Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti panguva kwakakwidziridzwa kutonhora akabatana chipi filler. Pari, ichi acho risingaenzaniswi ehupfumi ayo. Kushandisa phenoplasts dzinoitwa:

- fuma zvarakanyorerwa akadhindwa vematunhu mapuranga - getinaks;

- a fuma kusika munhu STRUCTURAL zvinhu - pcb;

- chipa zvinhu kuti bhodhi mitambo - checkered, Dominoes, Chess;

- Vamwe zvinhu zviri kicheni nenhumbi: rinopindura kuti gasi Stoves, kettles nemapanga, hari nezvaenga;

- Bakelite phenolic guruu;

- nemagetsi zvigadzirwa - nezvigadziko, plugs, dzemagetsi metres, haizoshandisi, relays, electric motor housings, mabhokisi Junction, rinobva actuators, etc.

- zvinoumba nokuti engineering, semuenzaniso, matanho kuti escalators, zviteshi siyana uye zvokuchunisa;

- koshitomu kwezvishongo, matkamuistoja, Stationery, mamwe mashoko maawa.