Astronomical zvaanorumbidza - chii ichi?

Astronomy - imwe sayenzi mukuru. Vanhu kubvira panguva yakare akatevera kwebasa senyeredzi dzokudenga. Astronomical zvaanorumbidza panguva rakabatsira kufamba nomunzvimbo, uyewo zvaikoshawo kuvakwa kwouzivi uye zvechitendero mugadziriro. Kubvira ipapo zvakawanda zvachinja. Astronomy pakupedzisira akasunungura waibva nyeredzi, iye akazviunganidzira ruzivo rwakakura uye michina simba. Zvisinei, muchadenga zvaanorumbidza, akaita Panyika kana muchadenga - ichiri mumwe chikuru nzira yokuwana mashoko sayenzi iyi. Achinja nzira kutora mashoko, asi chaizvoizvo kumbochinja unyanzvi.

Ndeipi ezvemuchadenga zvaanorumbidza?

Pane uchapupu hunoratidza kuti ruzivo inokosha rakaramba yomwedzi zuva vanhu vakanga vachiri prehistoric yaitonga. Zvekufamba pakati Hipparchus uye Ptolemy anoratidza kuti zivo Zvinovheneka vaiva kudiwa, uye kare, ivo vakabhadhara yakawanda achiteerera. Panguva iyoyo uye kunyange pashure yakareba muchadenga zvaanorumbidza kudzidza denga usiku uye kugadzira zvaakaona papepa kana, kupfuura kungoti, mumwe gadzira.

Kutozosvikira Renaissance masayendisiti vabatsiri iyi nyaya dzaiva chete inokosha michina. A chinokosha yakawanda date rava kuwanika mushure kweteresikopu. Sezvo enhancements yayo wakawedzera rakarurama ruzivo yapihwa. Zvisinei, pane chero pamwero kunge zvekushandisa mberi, muchadenga pakuongorora - iyi ndiyo huru nzira kuunganidza mashoko pamusoro zvinhu zvokudenga. Sezvineiwo, ichi ndiwo mumwe dzine basa yesayenzi, usina akarasika chakakoshera dzakashandiswa iri nguva mberi kwesayenzi kusvikira, kureva kwacho pamwe akashama ziso kana kushandisa rakanaka zvokushandisa.

kupatsanura

Nhasi muchadenga nekuonekwa - iri muboka paupamhi yezviito. Patsanura kunogona akawanda chikonzero:

• kodzera nhengo;
• hunhu akanyorwa mashoko;
• vakatozodzokera.

Muchiitiko chokutanga, isolated nyanzvi uye mudzidzi zvaanorumbidza. The Data vakawana mune zvinoonekwa chiedza ichi inonyanyoshandiswa vari vakanyorwa kana zvimwe remagetsi nemwaranzi, kusanganisira michini uye ultraviolet. Mashoko ari iyi kunogona kuwanikwa mune zvimwe zviitiko, chete chenyika yedu, kana chete kubva nzvimbo kunze muchadenga: pachishandiswa wechitatu kusunungurwa muchadenga zvaanorumbidza akaita Panyika kana muchadenga.

mudzidzi asitironomi

Kunaka nesayenzi nyeredzi nezvimwe mitumbi yokudenga iri chokwadi kuti - mumwe mashoma kuti sezvariri anofanira kuva vanoshingaira uye indefatigable admirers vari vanhuwo zvavo ezvinhu. Kuwanda nzvimbo wakafanira uchizvichenjerera, tine vashoma masayendisiti mubasa akaoma nyaya. Nekuti vamwe muchadenga zvaanorumbidza yomumba-Earth nzvimbo vaitungamirirwa nomudzimu vachivakuza.

Mupiro vanhu funga dzavo zvomuchadenga chitandadzo, zvikuru kuoneka mune zvesayenzi ichi. Kusvikira pakati gumi okupedzisira ezana remakore rapfuura, vanopfuura hafu comets dzakafukurwa chete amateurs. In kwavo tsvakurudzo zvido uyewo kazhinji zvinosanganisira shanduka nyeredzi zvaakazvionera New Tracking mishumo yokudenga miviri asteroids. Yokupedzisira pari ari vaizotibata zvikuru uye nevakawanda basa. Panyaya itsva uye supernovae, kazhinji wokutanga kuona navo zviri mudzidzi nyanzvi.

Options mudzidzi zvaanorumbidza

Amateur nezvenyeredzi anogona kugoverwa munzvimbo kufanana:

• Kutarisana zvenyeredzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira muchadenga pakuongorora kuburikidza mabhainokura, teresikopu kana chinoabatsira. Chinangwa chikuru mabasa akadai, somunhu mutemo, ndiko kuwana mufaro kubva mukana kuchengeta kufamba kwenyeredzi, uyewo izvi pacharo. An dzinonakidza nhungirwa ichi kuitika - "Pakarongwa" nezvenyeredzi: Vamwe mafeni tora kubva materesikopu dzavo mumugwagwa uye akabayira vose vanoda kuyemura nyeredzi, mapuraneti uye Moon.
• Astrophotography. Chinangwa mirayiridzo iyi - kupa Photographic mifananidzo miviri yokudenga uye avo zvinhu.
• Telescope zvokuita. Dzimwe nguva zvakakodzera Manyiminya zviridzwa, materesikopu uye nenhumbi, mafeni dziri kubva muvare. Kazhinji, teresikopu rokuita kuti mukwanisi huripo midziyo pamwe nenhumbi itsva.
• Research. Vamwe mudzidzi vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi vanotsvaka kunze aesthetic mafaro uye kuwana chinhu zvishoma zvaioneka. Vari mubasa mukudzidza asteroids, variables, novae uye supernovae, comets uye meteor inopfunha. Nguva nenguva panguva dzose uye painstaking observational zvakawanwa dzinoitwa. Hazvina basa iri mudzidzi nyanzvi kunounza mupiro mukuru kuti sayenzi.

Activities nyanzvi

Nyanzvi dzezvomuchadenga Nyanzvi pose vane midziyo kupfuura amateurs. Matambudziko pavo, dzinoda yakakwirira zvakarurama ari kuunganidzwa mashoko, vakarongeka kwemasvomhu zvishandiso kuti dudziro uye nokufembera. Pakati basa nyanzvi, sezvinoita mutemo, vano- kunzwisisa, kazhinji zvinhu kure uye zvakavapo. Kakawanda, expanses nzvimbo ubanguranyika inobvumira kuti kujekesa zvimwe mitemo zvakasikwa, kujekesa, mukwanisi kana kuramba yokungotaura constructs pamusoro wayo mavambo, mamiriro uye ramangwana.

Kupatsanura kubudikidza mhando mashoko

Zvingaonekwa nezvenyeredzi, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, angadzorwa chokuita Kuda kutamba dzakasiyana mwaranzi. On hwaro iri zvinotevera:

• Optical Astronomy wakaipa nemwaranzi muna anooneka siyana;
• michini asitironomi;
• ultraviolet asitironomi;
• asitironomi;
• X-ray asitironomi;
• wegamma-ray zvenyeredzi.

Uyezve, kutungamirirwa sayenzi iyi vari dzinounzwa uye runoenzanirana akataurwa hauna chokuita remagetsi nemwaranzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira neutrino achidzidza neutrino nemwaranzi kubva extraterrestrial manyuko rinokweva-wave muchadenga yemapuraneti.

Pachiso

Chikamu mananara akadzidza nezvenyeredzi anowanikwa kutsvakurudza pasi-kwakavakirwa mumarabhoritari. Astronomical zvaanorumbidza munyika chokuita kudzidza trajectories mitumbi yokudenga, daro kuyerwa zviri muchadenga, nyeredzi, nyika Kuda kutamba vamwe mhando nemwaranzi uye redhiyo mafungu, uye zvichingodaro. Pamberi Nguva nzvimbo ubanguranyika, nyanzvi aigona chete rinogutiswa ruzivo vakawana pasi ezvinhu redu. Uye kuti akanga zvakakwana kuvaka dzidziso matangiro uye shanduka zvakasikwa, zviri kuonekwa kwemitemo yakawanda kuti zviripo pezvakasikwa.

Kumusoro Earth

With wokutanga Satellite nokuparura imwe nguva itsva nezvenyeredzi. The Data unganidzwa nokuda chitundumuseremusere chakasvitsa, Anokosha. Havana vakabatsira kunzwisisa zvakavanzika muchadenga masayendisiti nani.

Astronomical achicherechedza muchadenga vachikubvumira kunyora mhando dzose nemwaranzi, kubva chiedza chaioneka matanda wegamma uye X-ray zvenguva. Vazhinji vavo anowanikwa kudzidza Panyika, sezvo nyika muchadenga absorbs kwavari, usarega pemvura. Muenzaniso Zvakawanikwa zvichibvira chete pashure pakutanga nzvimbo zera, muri X-ray pulsars.

earners ruzivo

Astronomical zvaanorumbidza zviri kuitwa nzvimbo achibatsirwa siyana midziyo akatasva chitundumusere-musere orbiting satellites. Zvidzidzo zvizhinji rezvakasikwa ichi vakatakura pamusoro International Space Station. The mupiro Manyiminya materesikopu, dzakadai run kanoverengeka rokupedzisira remakore. It anomira pakati pavo akakurumbira "Hubble". Kuti munhuwo zvake zviri kuchikonzerwa tsime akanaka zvinoshamisa Photographic mifananidzo yakadzika nzvimbo. Zvisinei, izvi handizvo zvaanoreva "anoziva". Naro akagamuchira yakawanda mashoko pamusoro sechivako muzvizhinji zvinhu, ivo regularities ari "maitiro". "Hubble" uye vamwe materesikopu ndiwo rinokosha nokutengesa Data hunodiwa yokungotaura nezvenyeredzi, kushanda panyaya okukura zvakasikwa.

Astronomical zvaanorumbidza - zvose pano uye nenzvimbo - chete mashoko nokuda sayenzi miviriwo yekudenga uye zvakavapo. Pasina kwavari, masayendisiti anogona chete kuva akasiyana dzidziso vasingakwanise kuenzanisa navo chokwadi.