Protectionism. Zviyero hurumende protectionism anoreva kuti?

Hurumende imwe neimwe kuti anoda kuti zvivepo, ngavaite mari chezvinonhuwira upenyu. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvenhengo ndiyo protectionism.

Chii protectionism?

Saka kunonzi kudzivirirwa mamiriro, iyo kunooneka pacharo pakuti zvipfuwo musika munyika iri kudzivirirwa kubva kupinzwa vanorumwe zvinhu mariri mune zvoupfumi. Akaitawo kusimudzira kunze kwenyika kuburikidza kuwedzera makwikwi mishonga iri pamisika dzavatorwa. Zvakakodzera Mutemo uyu anoshandura kupinda zvoupfumi kukura.

Asi anewo kunaka mamiriro protectionism. Its ukoshi angachinja panguva akasiyana zvachose pakatarisana iri upfumi, kana unceremoniously kudhonza jira pamusoro pachake, sezvo izvi achaita kutsiva dzimwe nyika.

Sei protectionism nevamwe?

Chinangwa charo kuti akurudzire kukura National upfumi, uyewo kune dzimwe makwikwi achishandisa vasiri mutero kudzivirirwa nzira. With kuwedzera kudyidzana kwenyika kuva yakakwana wokuti protectionism zviri zvikuru kuwedzera kuti makwikwi kwenhumbi mudzimai uye kumisika. Kana tichishingaira uye pfungwa nezviito paruzhinji mitemo kudzivirira zvebhizimisi kuchaita kuti nokukurumidza uye zvinobudirira zvinoenderana changing ezvinhu enyika upfumi hwenyika.

Kuti anotiudza nyaya?

In siyana nguva paruzhinji dzidzo iri dzichichinja policies ayo ezvoupfumi. Vakatamira kuna vakasununguka kutengeserana, ari protectionist. Zvisinei, hapana mamiriro wokuti protectionism haana kumbobvira kumbotaurawo yakakura chimiro. Saka, kuti chose rakavhurika upfumi, zvakafanira kuti pane kuva kufamba nhumbi, ano, guru uye basa asina kurambidzwa. Uye mamiriro ezvinhu aya ane pachake nuances ayo, nokuti iyo yakanga isina chinhu chakadai rakarongwa. Saka, mhedziso mamiriro protectionism - icho chinhu kubva renyaya. Zvino chero hurumende anoita turnover mari munyika yavo. Pasinei nokuti gobvu ndiro nokunzi kubudirana pachena hwenyika, chokwadi, sezvo pabutiro rakanyatsojeka runonyengera protectionism mamiriro ezvoupfumi zvido.

chinetso

Chinokosha yokungotaura dambudziko ndiko kusarudza chii zviri nani - protectionism kana vakasununguka kutengeserana. Saka, zvakanakira chokutanga ndechokuti kunoita kuti utange yenyika indasitiri. Free wezvokutengeserana anozvikudza kuti rinofananidza zvichidhura National pamwe yemarudzi. Uye kuguma chisingaoneki pamucheto gakava pamusoro zviri nani.

Kana tikafunga kukura dambudziko ichi, zvinokosha kuziva kuti asati 70-ies wekupedzisira remakore, nyika zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kutsigira vakasununguka zvokutengeserana uye mazvake awedzera. Asi kubva ngadzirambe zvakasiyana muitiro. Saka mamiriro vazozvivharira kure vamwe vachishandisa michina tariffs, uye zvipingamupinyi siyana kudzivirira upfumi hwayo kubva kune dzimwe makwikwi.

Mhando unodzivirira

Kuti kufanana chipfuro chigadzirirwe pachavo dzakasiyana inoti, akatendeuka akananga protectionism? On peculiarities unotipa kutonga kuchengetedzwa. In zvachose pane zviviri:

1. Real-nguva kudzivirirwa. Kushandiswa fence kubva vatorwa kukwikwidzirana maindasitiri kuti vari inokosha kukosha kuti National upfumi hwenyika (zvokurima, kudzivirira indasitiri), ine chinokosha kukosha mune dzinonetsa ezvinhu (akadai hondo).
2. Temporary kuchengetedzwa. Kushandiswa komberedza ari fishery mishonga kuti vachangobva kusikwa, kusvikira vanyatsoita kugadzikana kuti uchakwanisa vakabudirira kukwikwidzana zvakafanana nzvimbo dzimwe inoti.

Rinogonawo kutora matanho akakodzera, kana kutengesa vadyidzani kunge akatanga zvimwe kurambidzwa protectionist kwakavafadza. Yakajeka mamiriro protectionism - icho chiyero kuti inenge nguva dzose kunosanganisira maitiro. kuti goho mhando kunogona kuva anoparadzirwa kutenga epamba zvigadzirwa pasina simba chero kurambidzwa.

siyana protectionism

In chii chimiro chinogona kuvapo? Kune mhando ina:

1. Kusarudza protectionism. Zvinoreva kudzivirira imwe chigadzirwa / taura.
2. Industry protectionism. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengetedza vamwe muupenyu zvoupfumi (somuenzaniso, kurima).
3. Collective protectionism. Izvi zvinoreva yakawiriranwa kudzivirira nyika dzinoverengeka kuti vave vakabatana sungano.
4. Yakavanzwa protectionism. Rinoreva kuchengetedzwa, panguva iyo haashandisi tsika nzira, kusanganisira avo inotokonya mumhuri mugadziri.

ano protectionism

Rinoreva vasiri mutero uye tsika-mutero kurambidzwa. The chikuru basa nehurumende mumunda dzakawanda dzaishandiswa ndechokubatsira exporters kutengesa zvigadzirwa vari mumisika vatorwa nokuwedzera makwikwi dzavo, uyewo imupota kurambidzwa nokushandiswa achishandisa kuderedza Kukwezva vokune dzimwe nyika zvinhu munyika. Muchiitiko chino, vakawanda nzira murau chaitwa waidzora kupinzwa. The vamwe mune ekisipoti.

Achitaura mutero kurambidzwa, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti pane chete mabasa uye quotas. Ndizvo zvose kuti hurumende protectionism matanho anosanganisira uye hapana ari kuvanza. Vose vari pfungwa kuti, waidzora kupinzwa. Asi huchiti protectionism uye asiri mutero zviyero dzinosanganisira kumanikana. Rinoreva quotas, kutyora, hurumende zvokuvakisa, zvinodiwa siyana kuvapo omunzvimbo zvinoriumba, zvekushandisa mhosva, mitero uye mari vasiri vagari, nokurasa, dzinopiwa uye ekisipoti Credits. It ndechedu mwero mamiriro protectionism. It Anovaratidza uye vanoverengeka duku zvinoumba kukosha asi nokuda husiri nyore kuwana kuti chikumbiro uye specificity, vachava kusiyiwa munyaya ino. Zviya, tinogona kutaura kuti kune hurumende protectionism nezviyero dzinosanganisira nokuiswa zvirango maringe dzimwe nyika. Asi ichi ndicho dzakananga nyaya iri iyo tenderano asi.

State protectionism muRussia: kuitika uye tarisiro okukura

Maererano netsika uye mutero murau zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunze pakatanga michina mitsva kuti zvigoneke kuti Kutarisirwa nani uye vachiongorora mamiriro ezvinhu. On asiri mutero munda kuwedzera kushandiswa yemaitiro kudzora. Muchiitiko chino, pane kuisa pfungwa aina yepamusorosoro mabasa, zvinhu uye michina.

Nokufamba kwenguva zvakakosha itsva kukura. Kunyanya ayo ukoshi kunowedzera pamwe zvishoma nezvishoma kuneta pamusoro zvinogona kubudirira zvimwewo. Innovation Gwaro kunofanira kusanganisira pakusikwa ezvinhu umo akure tichishingaira mugove mari kuti nechinangwa nokuunza zvinhu uye kurongedza unhu hutsva. Tuso ichi kuchava Chinonyanya kukosha mune nyaya kunatsiridza upenyu.

Kukosha zvinodiwa nevanhu hazvina kutsigira diki uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi. Unogona kushanda kuderedza uwandu yaiona zvipingamupinyi, anoitwa inonzi pezvakaitwa (kunyoresa nokuvhara bhizimisi), kuderedza pandandanda zvinhu zvinoda rezinesi. Pakupedzisira, tinofanira kuedza kuumba anokwezva pfuma ezvinhu. Kwete mudukusa Akaroromesawo hombe mutero mutoro pamusoro mumabhizimisi. Nepo tisingakwanisi kutaura kuti ichi ndechokuti huchiti protectionism matanho anosanganisira.